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1、常用经济术语的翻译 汉语English 国民经济、对外经济贸易 NATIONAL ECONOMY, FOREIGN ECONOMIC RELATIONS AND TRADE 20 年基本实现现代化basically achieve modernization in 20 years 八五计划 the 8th Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development 百分点percentage points 保持发展后劲 bring about a sustainable development; sustain momentum o
2、f development 保持双边贸易的平衡balance the two-way trade 保税区bonded area; free trade area 标书bidding document 财政 , 税收 , 信贷,利率 , 汇率public financing, taxation, credit, interest rate, exchange rate 财政赤字 ( 盈余 ) budget deficit(surplus) 财政收入state revenue 菜篮子工程shipping basket project 产业政策industrial policy 出资方式means
3、of contributing investment 创汇型企业foreign exchange-earning enterprise 粗放 / 集约经营extensive/intensive operation 存款 / 贷款余额the balance of deposits/loans 导致价格持续增长的一个重要因 素在于物价的逐步放开及价格结 构调整。 An important factor (contributing to/resulting in) substantial price hikes lies in the gradual lifting of prices contro
4、l and the structural adjustment of prices. 第一、二、三产业primary, secondary and tertiary industries 发挥技术窗口管理窗口和人才窗 口的作用 serve as a medium for introducing advanced technologies, managerial expertise and qualified professionals from outside. 风险投资venture investment/capital 高附加值的深加工down-stream processing with
5、 high added-value 格局初步形成Pattern has taken initial shape. 工农业总产值gross output value of industry and agriculture 公开招标 call for bid; tenders 供不应求short supply 供大于求oversupply 购买力平价法purchasing power parity 固定资产投资investment in fixed assets 关系民生的产品products vital to the peoples livelihood 规范价格秩序standardize th
6、e price order 国产化percentage of home-made parts 国家统配物资materials allocated by state 国家指令性计划 state mandatory planning 国民经济的支柱mainstay of the national economy 国民生产总值GNP (Gross National Product) 国民收入national income 国内配套资金domestic funds 国内生产总值GDP (Gross Domestic Product) 合营期限contract term of a joint ventu
7、re 合作方式approaches to cooperation 宏观调控macro-economic control 火炬计划 Torch Plan 货币发放the issue of currency 积极引进外来资金、技术、人才和 管理经验 actively introduce capital, technology, competent professionals and managerial expertise form outside 基础地位 leading position 基础设施infrastructure 计划经济planned economy 技术、智力、资本密集型tec
8、hnology, knowledge or capital intensive 技术入股technology appraised as capital stock 技术转让technology transfer 加大改革力度intensify reforms 减免税收tax reduction and exemption 简化流通环节,增加随机检查simplify circulation and add more random checks 建立市场经济、法制、民主监督和 廉政 “三个机制 “ establish operational mechanisms of market economy
9、, rule by law, democratic supervision and incorruptible government 降低过热的期货市场,恢复金融秩 序 cool down the over-heated future market and restore financial order 交钥匙工程turn-key project 紧缩银根tighten the money supply 经济杠杆economic levers 经济过热overheated economy 经济实力economic capabilities 经济指标economic indicators 竟标c
10、ompetitive bidding 开标bid opening 看好经济增长think highly of economic growth 科研成果产业化industrialization of research findings 可行性研究feasibility study 库存积压overstocked products 跨国公司transnational corporation 劳动密集型labor intensive 理顺企业的产权关系rationalize the property rights relationships of enterprises 良性循环positive c
11、ycle 龙头pacemaker; leading role 贸易伙伴trade partner 贸易顺差trade surplus 门类齐全covering extensive fields 内联企业inland associated enterprises 拍卖auction 配套措施supporting measures 配套改革coordinated reforms 配套工程auxiliary project 批量生产mass production 片面追求发展速度seek an unduly high growth rate 平等互利,互通有无 equality and mutual
12、 benefit, and trading of needed goods 评标bid proposal evaluation 瓶颈bottleneck 企业 “ 工效挂钩 ”link total payroll with the performance of an enterprise 人均国内生产总值GDP per capita 三角债chain debts 三来一补(来料加工 ,来件装配 ,来 样加工 ) processing and compensation trades(processing with materials or given samples, assembling su
13、pplied components) 三通一平(水通、电通、路通、施 工场地平) three connections and one leveling assuring that a construction site is connected to water and electric power supplies and roads, and that the ground is leveled before a project is begun. 三资企业 ( 中外合资合作、外商独 资经营 ) three kinds of enterprises with foreign investm
14、ent: Sino-foreign joint venture, contractual joint venture 上不封顶,下不保底set no ceiling limit and give no minimum guarantee 社会零售物价总指数general retail price index 社会商品零售总额total volume of retail sales 社会效益social effect/returns 社会总产值 total product of society 升级换代upgrading and updating 生产力productive forces 生产资
15、料capital goods 生意兴隆 / 冷淡Business is booming/sluggish 实际利用外资foreign investment in actual use 实现产业结构、 生态环境和人口素 质“三个优化 “ optimize industrial structure, ecological environment and the quality of population 实现持续、稳定、协调的发展bring about sustained, stable and coordinated development 实行全方位开放practice multi-direc
16、tional opening 市场调节market regulation 市场机制开始发挥调节作用。 The market mechanisms are beginning to play their regulatory role. 市场经济market economy 市场疲软 a market slump 随行就市fluctuate in line with market conditions 提高经济效益enhance economic performance/returns 同国际惯例接轨 follow the international codes of practice; bri
17、ng in line with the international usage 统而不死,活而不乱ensure a flexible control 统购统销state monopoly over purchase and marketing 统一定价unified price setting 统一政策、放开经营、平等竞争、unified policy, liberalized operation, and equal competition 投标bid for a project 投标报价书bid proposals 投资环境investment environment 外汇储备foreig
18、n exchange reserves 外贸出口总额gross foreign export value 外贸顺差foreign trade surplus 外商直接投资协议金额contracted foreign direct investment 外向型经济export-oriented economy 外引内联 act as an intermediary for introducing foreign capital and establishing domestic connections 完善的市场和发达的金融体制well-established market and sophis
19、ticated financial system 我们两市的经济互补性很强。 To a great extent, the economies between out two cities are complementary to each other. 下放审批权delegate the authority to examine and approve to lower levels 向基础工业倾斜的政策 policy in favor of basic industry 消灭失业wipe out unemployment 行情看好Favorable price/market can be
20、expected. 行情看涨 / 跌anticipate lower market price/rising price 一条龙服务one package service 一位数水平one digit level 一支笔审批one-chop approval 以工养农use industrial income to finance agriculture 以路养路use tolls to repay investment in road projects 以销定产 limit production to market ability 抑制炒房地产热stem frenzied and specu
21、lative trading in the property market 意向书letter of intent 优化资源配置optimize allocation of resources 优惠条件confessional terms; favorable terms 由于该暗补为明补,粮食购销同 价。 Grains are purchased and sold by the same price because covered allowances are turned into open allowance. 允许外商独资经营allow full foreign equity oper
22、ation 在过渡时期in a period of transition 招标承包制bidding invitation contract system 招标出售技术bids for technology 招标单invitation for bid (IFB) 招商attract investment 招商项目project proposals for investment 折旧费depreciation cost 这次会议为两国进一步加强持续 的经济联系奠定了坚实的基础。 This meeting laid a sound foundation for the two countries t
23、o forge enduring/lasting and constant/continuous economic ties. 政策性亏损policy-related loss 知识产权intellectual property rights 指导性计划guidance plan 指令性计划mandatory plan 质量信得过单位quality trustworthy organization 中标 win a bid; be awarded a tender 抓好农业、交通能源、教育科技“ 三个基础 “ stress priorities over agriculture, transp
24、ortation and energy supply, education and science and technology 转口贸易transit trade 自负盈亏、工贸结合、推行代理制 responsibility for ones own profits and losses, the integration of industry and foreign trade, and the promotion of agent system 租赁leasing 国民经济NATIONAL ECONOMY, 中国化chinization 对外经济贸易FOREIGN ECONOMIC RE
25、LATIONS AND TRADE 经济指标economic indicators 社会总产值total product of society 国民生产总值GNP (Gross Domestic Product) 国内生产总值GDP (Gross Domestic Product) 人均国内生产总值GDP per capita 工农业总产值gross output value of industry and agriculture 国民收入national income 购买力平价法purchasing power parity 财政收入state revenue 社会商品零售总额total
26、volume of retail sales 社会零售物价总指数general retail price index 百分点percentage points “八五 “划划 the 8th Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development 计划经济planned economy 统购统销state monopoly over purchase and marketing 市场经济market economy 指令性计划mandatory plan 指导性计划guidance plan 市场调节market regulati
27、on 建立市场经济、法制、民主监督和廉政“三个机制 “ establish operational mechanisms of market economy, rule by law, democratic supervision and incorruptible government 抓好农业、交通能源、教育科技“三个基础 “ stress priorities over agriculture, transportation and energy supply, education and science and technology 实现产业结构、生态环境和人口素质“三个优化“ opt
28、imize industrial structure, ecological environment and the quality of population 第一、二、三产业primary, secondary and tertiary industries 外向型经济export-oriented economy 创汇型企业foreign exchange-earning enterprise 劳动密集型labor intensive 技术、智力、资本密集型technology, knowledge or capital intensive 高附加值的深加工down-stream pro
29、cessing with high added-value 优化资源配置optimize allocation of resources 生产力productive forces 生产资料capital goods 科研成果产业化industrialization of research findings 火炬计划Torch Plan 技术入股technology appraised as capital stock 风险投资venture investment/capital 固定资产投资investment in fixed assets 折旧费depreciation cost 关系民生
30、的产品products vital to the people s livelihood 供大于求oversupply 供不应求short supply 经济过热overheated economy 抑制炒房地产热stem frenzied and speculative trading in the property market 宏观调控macro-economic control 经济杠杆economic levers 产业政策industrial policy 财政 , 税收 , 信贷,利率 , 汇率public financing, taxation, credit, interes
31、t rate, exchange rate 提高经济效益enhance economic performance/returns 社会效益social effect/returns 实现持续、稳定、协调的发展bring about sustained, stable and coordinated development 财政赤字 (盈余) budget deficit(surplus) 外贸出口总额gross foreign export value 外商直接投资协议金额contracted foreign direct investment 实际利用外资foreign investment
32、 in actual use 三资企业 (中外合资合作、外商独资经营) three kinds of enterprises with foreign investment: sino-foreign joint venture, contractual joint venture 允许外商独资经营allow full foreign equity operation 优惠条件confessional terms; favorable terms 减免税收tax reduction and exemption 合作方式approaches to cooperation 出资方式means of
33、 contributing investment 合营期限contract term of a joint venture 三来一补(来料加工 ,来件装配 ,来样加工 ) processing and compensation trades(processing with materials or given samples, assembling supplied components) 贸易伙伴trade partner 转口贸易transit trade 外贸顺差foreign trade surplus 积极引进外来资金、技术、人才和管理经验actively introduce cap
34、ital, technology, competent professionals and managerial expertise form outside 交钥匙工程turn-key project 招标承包制bidding invitation contract system 招标出售技术bids for technology 公开招标call for bid; tenders 招标单invitation for bid (IFB) 标书bidding document 竟标competitive bidding 投标bid for a project 投标报价书bid proposal
35、s 评标bid proposal evaluation 开标bid opening 中标win a bid; be awarded a tender 拍卖auction 租赁leasing 保税区bonded area; free trade area 实行全方位开放practice multi-directional opening 统一政策、放开经营、平等竞争、unified policy, liberalized operation, and equal competition 自负盈亏、工贸结合、 推行代理制responsibility for one s own profits an
36、d losses, the integration of industry and foreign trade, and the promotion of agent system 知识产权intellectual property rights 技术转让technology transfer 可行性研究feasibility study 意向书letter of intent 投资环境investment environment 跨国公司transnational coorporation 基础设施infrastructure 20 年基本实现现代化basically achieve mod
37、ernization in 20 years 发挥技术窗口管理窗口和人才窗口的作用serve as a medium for introducing advanced technologies, managerial expertise and qualified professionals from outside. 招商attract investment 招商项目project proposals for investment 同 国 际 惯 例 接 轨follow the international codes of practice; bring in line with the i
38、nternational usage 加大改革力度intensify reforms 一条龙服务one package service 一支笔审批one-chop approval 我们两市的经济互补性很强。To a great extent, the economies between out two cities are complementary to each other. 平等互利,互通有无equality and mutual benefit, and trading of needed goods 外引内联act as an intermediary for introducin
39、g foreign capital and establishing domestic connections 保持发展后劲bring about a sustainable development; sustain momentum of development 三通一平 (水通、 电通、 路通、施工场地平)“three connections and one leveling“ assuring that a construction site is connected to water and electric power supplies and roads, and that the
40、 ground is leveled before a project is begun. 瓶颈bottleneck 以工养农use industrial income to finance agriculture 以路养路use tolls to repay investment in road projects 下放审批权delegate the authority to examine and approve to lower levels 统而不死,活而不乱ensure a flexible control 良性循环positive cycle 国民经济的支柱mainstay of t
41、he national economy 格局初步形成Pattern has taken initial shape. 理顺企业的产权关系rationalize the property rights relationships of enterprises 政策性亏损policy-related loss 三角债chain debts 上不封顶,下不保底set no ceiling limit and give no minimum guarantee 企业“工效挂钩”link total payroll with the performance of an enterprise 生意兴隆 /
42、冷淡Business is booming/sluggish 质量信得过单位quality trustworthy organization 批量生产mass production 以销定产limit production to market ability 内联企业inland associated enterprises 菜篮子工程shipping basket project 国产化percentage of home-made parts 配套改革coordinated reforms 配套措施supporting measures 配套工程auxiliary project 国内配套
43、资金domestic funds 向基础工业倾斜的政策policy in favor of basic industry 升级换代upgrading and updating 看好经济增长think highly of economic growth 行情看好Favorable price/market can be expected. 行情看涨 /跌 anticipate lower market price/rising price 随行就市fluctuate in line with market conditions 片面追求发展速度seek an unduly high growth
44、 rate 在过渡时期in a period of transition 粗放 /集约经营extensive/intensive operation 基础地位leading position 门类齐全covering extensive fields 存款 /贷款余额the balance of deposits/loans 外汇储备foreign exchange reserves 贸易顺差trade surplus ACFIC All China Federation of Industry and Commerce 中华全国工商业联合会(全国工商联) ADB Asian Developm
45、ent Bank 亚洲开发银行(亚行) AMC asset management company 资产管理公司 BOT build-operate-transfer 建设运营移交 CBRC China Banking Regulatory Commission 中国银行业监督管理委员会(银监会) CGC credit guarantee company 信用担保公司 CGS credit guarantee scheme 信用担保制度 CIRC China Insurance Regulatory Commission 中国保险监督管理委员会(保监会) CPDF China Project D
46、evelopment Facility (世行)中国项目开发中心 CSRC China Securities Regulatory Commission 中国证券监督管理委员会(证监会) DFID Department for International Development ( of the United Kingdom ) 英国国际发展部 DRC Development Research Center (of the China State Council ) 国务院发展研究中心 EU European Union 欧盟 FDI foreign direct investment 外商直
47、接投资 FIE foreign invested enterprise 外资企业 GDP gross domestic product 国内生产总值 IFC International Finance Corporation 国际金融公司 IPO initial public offering(股票)首次公开发行 IPR intellectual property right 知识产权 JV joint venture 合资企业 MOC Ministry of Commerce 商务部 MOF Ministry of Finance 财政部 MOFTEC Ministry of Foreign
48、 Trade and Economic Cooperation(原)外经贸部 MOST Ministry of Science and Technology 科技部 NGWT National Guidelines on Water Tariffs 城市供水价格管理办法 NPC National Peoples Congress 全国人大 NPL nonperforming loan 不良贷款 OECD Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development 经合组织 PBOC Peoples Bank of China 中国人民银行(人行
49、) PPA power purchase agreement 购电协议 PPI private participation in infrastructure 私营企业参与基础设施建设 PRC Peoples Republic of China 中华人民共和国(中国) PSA private sector assessment 私营部门评估 PSD private sector development 私营企业发展 PSRP Power Sector Restructuring Plan 电力行业重组计划 QFII qualified foreign institutional investor 合格外国机构投资者 RCC rural credit cooperative 农村信用社 SAIC State Administration of Industry and Commerce 国家工商总局 SASAC State Asset Supervision and Administration Commission 国有资产管理委员会(国资 委) SDPC State Development Planning Commission 国家发展计划委员会(计委) SETC State Economic Trade Commission (原)经贸委 SME
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