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1、ICU 中血液净化的应用指南 血液净化 (blood purification)技术指各种连续或间断清除体内过多水分、溶质方法的总称,该技术是在肾脏替代治疗技术的基础上逐步发展而来。血液净化方法有肾脏替代治疗、 血液灌流、免疫吸附、内毒素吸附和血浆置换等。每一种血液净化方式都各有特点,且各适用于不同疾病或不同疾病状态。本指南仅对ICU 中应用最多的肾脏替代治疗(renal replacement therapy, RRT)进行讨论并提出建议。血液净化概念和常见种类 上世纪 70 年代末, RRT 主要用于治疗重症急性肾功能衰竭患者。随着技术不断发展,近30 年, RRT 已用于全身过度炎症反应
2、(如严重创伤、重症急性胰腺炎等)、脓毒血症、中 毒和多脏器功能衰竭等危重症的救治。另外,对重症患者并发的特殊情况,如严重电解质紊乱、过高热等, RRT 也能显示良好疗效。 RRT在重症患者救治中起着极其重要的作用,是ICU 医师应予掌握的基本技术。基于此,国内ICU 有关专家根据循证医学证据制定本指南。 制定本指南的意义 循证医学证据按照Delphi 分级标准 (见表 1)。循证医学证据时间跨度为1999 年 1 月至 2009 年 3 月;数据主要来自Medline 、Evidence-Based Medicine Reviews (EBMR)、 Lippincott Williams 13
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14、nuous venovenous hemofiltration. Clin Nephrol. Jan 2006;65(1):34-42. 22.Morgera S, Haase M, Rocktaschel J, et al. High permeability haemofiltration improves peripheral blood mononuclear cell proliferation in septic patients with acute renal failure. Nephrol Dial Transplant. Dec 2003;18(12):2570-2576
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16、ion in human septic shock. Int J Artif Organs. Feb 2007;30(2):108-117. 25.Nakada TA, Oda S, Matsuda K, et al. Continuous hemodiafiltration with PMMA Hemofilter in the treatment of patients with septic shock. Mol Med. May-Jun 2008;14(5-6):257-263. 26.Hirasawa H, Oda S, Matsuda K. Continuous hemodiafi
17、ltration with cytokine-adsorbing hemofilter in the treatment of severe sepsis and septic shock. Contrib Nephrol.2007;156(365-370. 27.Opatrny K, Jr., Polanska K, Krouzecky A, et al. The effect of heparin rinse on the biocompatibility of continuous veno-venous hemodiafiltration. Int J Artif Organs. Ju
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21、hrombogenesis. Asaio J. Jul-Aug 2006;52(4):416-422. 33.Shulman RI, Singer M, Rock J. Continuous renal replacement therapy. Keeping the circuit open: lessons from the lab. Blood Purif. 2002;20(3):275-281. 34.Singer M, McNally T, Screaton G, et al. Heparin clearance during continuous veno-venous haemo
22、filtration. Intensive Care Med. 1994;20(3):212-215. 35.Monchi M, Berghmans D, Ledoux D, et al. Citrate vs. heparin for anticoagulation in continuous venovenous hemofiltration: a prospective randomized study. Intensive Care Med. Feb 2004;30(2):260-265. 36.Hirsh J, Raschke R. Heparin and low-molecular
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