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1、专业文档 珍贵文档 专题二任务型阅读(七选五) 考纲导续 主要考查考生对文章结构、内容以及上下文逻辑关系的理解和掌握,其考点设置主要包 括:1.主题句; 2.过渡句; 3.推断句。 七选五的题型以说明文和议论文居多,这两种文体的结构都比较清晰,过程完整,适合 考查标题概括、主题句和过渡句等,以达到考查学生综合阅读能力的要求。其特点如下: 1选择基本为300 词左右的说明文或议论文。 2短文篇章结构常为:提出问题解决问题。 3七个选项意义上都与短文相关,设空类型一般有标题类、段落主题类、过渡句类、细节类。 4选项均为完整句子,句型不一。 专业文档 珍贵文档 分类例析 1主题句 (2016?全国)
2、 专业文档 珍贵文档 _37_ Some people may think that a garden is no more than plants, flowers, patterns and masses of color. Others are concerned about using gardening methods that require less water and fewer fertilizers ( 肥 料)_38_.However, there are a number of other reasons that might explain why you want
3、to garden. One of them comes from our earliest years. Recall (回忆 )your childhood memories Our model of what a garden should be often goes back to childhood. Grandmas rose garden and Dads vegetable garden. AKnow why you garden BFind a good place for your own garden CIts our experience of the garden t
4、hat matters DIts delightful to see so many beautiful flowers EStill others may simply enjoy being outdoors and close to plants FYou can produce that kind of magical quality in your own garden, too GFor each of those gardens, write down the strongest memory you have 解题思路 本题考查主题句。首先形式上要与第二个标题“ Recall(
5、 回忆 ) your childhood memories”一致,故在A 项 和 B 项之间选择。 再根据本段倒数第二句“ However, there are a number of other reasons that might explain why you want to garden.”可知,本段主要讲要弄清自己为什么要种植花木。 尝试解答: _A_ (2017?全国 ) _37_In order to make a change, you need to decide why its important. Do you want to get up in time to have
6、 breakfast with your family, get in some exercise, or just be better prepared for your day? Once you are clear about your reasons, tell your family or roommates about the change you want to make. Rethink mornings. Now that you know why you want to. AGet a sleep specialist. BFind the right motivation
7、. CA better plan for sleep can help. DAnd consider setting a second alarm. EIf the steps you take are working, keep it up. 专业文档 珍贵文档 FStick to your set bedtime and wake up time, no matter the day. GReconsider the 15 minutes you spend in line at the cafe to get coffee. 解题思路 本题考查段落主题句。形式上应与下一个标题Recons
8、ider morning 一致,故在 A、B、F 和 G 之间选择。 再根据空后谈到要改变,先要说清楚做出改变很重要的原因;后面谈到一旦明白了其中的原因,就可以告 诉你的家人或室友你想做出改变;由此可以推断出这段总的说找到正确的动机,因此本空选B。 尝试解答: _B_ 2过渡句 (2013?全国 片段 ) One is the establishment (制定 )of broad basic policies with respect to production; sales; the purchase of equipment, materials and supplies; and ac
9、counting._74_ The third relates to the establishment of standards of work in all departments. EThe second aspect relates to the application of these policies by departments. FIn the theory of business management, organization has two main aspects. 解题思路 根据上下文所提到的one和下文所得到的the third 可知,这里是按照顺序排列,此处应该是
10、第二条, 与 E 项 The second aspect. 吻合。 尝试解答:此题属并列关系,故选_E_ 表示并列关系的词有:first(ly), second(ly) ,.;first, then/next ,.; in the first place, in the second place.; for one thing, for another(thing) , .; to begin with, to conclude 等词,表明前后句是逻辑上的并列关系,空格 处很有可能是个并列的句子。 专业文档 珍贵文档 (2015?北京片段 ) First, understand that so
11、me opportunities( 机会 ) for daydreaming are better than others.Feeling safe and relaxed will help you to slip into daydreams._73_ And if you want to improve your chances of having a creative idea while youre daydreaming, try to do it while you are involved in another taskpreferably something simple,
12、like taking a shower or walking, or even making meaningless drawings. AHaving interesting things to think about also helps. DAt one time, daydreaming was thought to be a cause of some mental illnesses. 解题思路 选项 A 中的 also helps 与空格前面句子中的help 相对应, 且两句话的主语形式统一,都说的是 “ 做白日 梦” 的条件。 尝试解答:此题属递进关系,故选_A_ 递进关系主
13、要指英语行文中后句对前句是一种顺承逻辑关系。表示递进关系的词有:too, also, besides, further, furthermore, moreover, whats more, in addition, as well, to make matters worse, not.but., not only. but also 等。 (2014?辽宁片段 ) Protect against UV rays ( 紫外线 ). Long term stay in the sun creates risk to your eyes. No matter what the season is
14、, its extremely important to wear sunglasses. _37_ CThey can properly protect your eyes. DStay in good shape by taking more vitamins. 解题思路 空白处前面的句子“ No matter what the season is, its extremely important to wear sunglasses.”意为 “ 无论是 什么季节,戴太阳镜是极其重要的” ,属于总结概括句。选项C 意为 “ 它们可以适当地保护你的眼睛” ,本 句是对上句观点的举例说明,能很
15、好地顺接语境。 尝试解答:此题属例证关系,故选_C_ 前后句的某句是为了证明另一句而举的例子。例证的形式具有多样性,思维过程基本是归纳(从例子到 观点 )和演练 (从观点到例子 )。 (全国片段 ) Get a coach _51_,so get help. Since there are about a billion companies out there all ready to offer you public speaking training and courses, here are some things to look for when deciding the traini
16、ng thats right for you. AYou arent like anybody else DCheck the rules about dos and donts 专业文档 珍贵文档 EWhatever the presentation, public speaking is tough 解题思路 根据 “ so get help”可知应填一个表示原因的句子。根据下句中的“ .ready to offer you public speaking training and courses.”也可知开头说的与public speaking 有关。 尝试解答:故选_E_ 表示因果关系
17、的词有:so/therefore, thus, consequently(结果 ), as a result(of), so/such.that., so that.等。 (2016?全国片段) There are three main types of cryptography._37_For example, the first letters of “ My elephant eats too many eels” spell out the hidden message “ Meet me. ” AIt is very hard to break a code without the
18、code book. BIn any language, some letters are used more than others. COnly people who know the keyword can read the message. DAs long as there have been codes, people have tried to break them. EYou can hide a message by having the first letters of each word spell it out. FWith a code book, you might
19、 write down words that would stand for other words. GAnother way to hide a message is to use symbols to stand for specific letters of the alphabet. 解题思路 根据 for example可知,接下来的举例讲的是选取每个单词的首字母这一方法来隐藏信息。 尝试解答: _E_ (2015?全国 片段 ) You didnt lose “ everything”Once trust is lost , what is left? Instead of lo
20、oking at the situation from this hopeless angle,look at everything you still have and be thankful for all of the good in your life._40_ Instead,its a healthy way to work through the experience to allow room for positive growth and forgiveness. ETheyve been too badly hurt and they cant bear to let it
21、 happen again. 专业文档 珍贵文档 FThis knowledge carries over in their attitude toward their future relationships. GSeeing the positive side of things doesnt mean youre ignoring what happened. 解题思路 根据下一句中的Instead( 反而 )可知此空和下一句形成转折关系,G 项(看到事情的积极方面并不意味 着你对发生的事情视而不见)与之呼应,并且选项中的positive和下一句中的positive形成原词复现。 尝试解
22、答:此题属转折关系,故选_G_ (2016?全国片段) A code uses symbols to replace words, phrases, or sentences.To read the message of a real code, you must have a code book._39_For example, “ bridge” might stand for “ meet” and “ out ” might stand for “ me.” The message “ bridge out” would actually mean “ Meet me. ” _40_H
23、owever, it is also hard to keep a code book secret for long.So codes must be changed frequently. AIt is very hard to break a code without the code book. BIn any language, some letters are used more than others. COnly people who know the keyword can read the message. DAs long as there have been codes
24、, people have tried to break them. EYou can hide a message by having the first letters of each word spell it out. FWith a code book, you might write down words that would stand for other words. GAnother way to hide a message is to use symbols to stand for specific letters of the alphabet. 解题思路 本题考查的
25、是关键词以及转折关系。下一句“ it is also hard to keep a code book secret for long”中出现了 also hard,所以上一句关键词为hard;另外 however 表示转折关系,证明上一句与下一句表达的意思相反, 即上一句应该是:没有解密书,是很难去完成解密工作的。 尝试解答:此题属于转折关系,故选_A_ 表示转折或对比关系的词有:but,however, yet, while/though, or/otherwise, on the contrary, instead, nevertheless(然而 ), still, yet, in c
26、ontrast/ comparison 等。 3段尾句 专业文档 珍贵文档 (2015?北京片段 ) Its also important to know how to avoid daydreams for those times when you really need to concentrate.“ Mindfulness”, being focused, is a tool that some people use to avoid falling asleep._74_ EIt involves slow, steady breathing for self control tha
27、t helps people stay calm and attentive. FDaydreams are often very simple and direct, quite unlike sleep dreams, which may be hard to understand. 解题思路 (1)本题为段尾空,属段落总结概括句,需要关注本段前面的内容。 (2)本段主要说明在需要集中精力的时候避免做白日梦也很重要,前一句提出mindfulness这一概念, 并用同位语being focused做出解释。 第三步对比信息句和选项,得出答案 尝试解答:_E_ 项中的 it 指代前一句的min
28、dfulness, 且 attentive与前文的 concentrate, being focused ,avoid falling asleep语义一致。 (2017?洛阳高三二模) There is no doubt that analyzing the exact data is important to assessment of an actual event.But data should 专业文档 珍贵文档 be dealt with wisely.We often get wrong data which mislead us.Remember, data have no f
29、eeling but we humans have.Data dont mean much to people if we do not have the abilities to analyze the data with the knowledge and confidence to judge whether they are true or false._ AThus we should try our best to be wise thinkers. BData can make our life easier and more comfortable. CBut sometime
30、s we may find that data arent everything. DSometimes our hearts and mind are more sensitive than data. ENow and then the socalled specific data puzzle us very much. FThe exact data should come from assessment of an actual event. GThere are many things in our life which cannot be measured by data. 解题
31、思路 本题设空在段尾,空格前的一句论述内容是“如果我们没有能力运用所学知识和自信去分析数据正确 与否,那么数据对我们来说就毫无意义”。所得出的结论就是“因此我们要尽最大努力成为一名睿智的思 考者”,结合线索词Thus 可知正确答案。 尝试解答: _A_ (2014?北京片段 ) Making good choices about your own health requires reasonable evaluation. A key first step in bettering your evaluation ability is to look carefully at your sou
32、rces of health information. Reasonable evaluation includes knowing where and how to find relevant information, how to separate fact from opinion, how to recognize poor reasoning, and how to analyze information and the reliability of sources. _71_ Go to the original source. Media reports often simpli
33、fy the results of medical research. Find out for yourself what a study really reported, and determine whether it was based on good science. Think about the type of study. AMake choice that are right for you. GThe following suggestions can help you sort through the health information you receive from
34、 common sources. 解题思路 本题挖空处为第一段段尾。第一段简要提出我们要学会分析来自各种渠道的健康信息,第二段就如何 对这些信处进行分类整理给予一些建议。从文章篇章结构分析,空格起承上启下的作用。 尝试解答:此题属承上启下类,故选_G_ 专业文档 珍贵文档 4通用技能 除每个题型有自身特殊的解题技巧外,在阅读七选五中还有两种通法,根据考题活用这两种方法能够 准确判定答案。 词汇复现法 复现,是为保证文章前后衔接而经常使用的一种写作手段,即作者在文章上下文不同的位置对同一个 概念进行重复描述。复现关系,主要是指原词复现、同源词复现、同义词/ 近义词、反义词复现等。 (2015?全
35、国 片段 ) _39_If youve been betrayed ,you are the victim of your circumstance.But theres a difference between being a victim and living with a “ victim mentality” At some point in all of our lives , well have our trust tested or violated. CStop regarding yourself as the victim. DRemember that you can e
36、xpect the best in return. 解题思路 由空格后面的内容可以看出,本段主要讲的是被背叛了后该怎么办。选项C 中的关键词语“victim” 与本段主旨相吻合,“victim”一词在本段中反复出现,属于原词复现,且选项C 是对本段的概括总结。 尝试解答: _C_ 代词线索法 英语表达中代词出现的频率极高,代词的作用无非是指代前面提及的名词,名词短语或句子概念,巧 妙利用这样的指代关系和根据代词的单复数差异可以准确而快速地解题。it 可指代单数名词或整个句子; they 或 them指代复数名词;one 指代单数可数名词;that 指代不可数名词或句子;this 指代单数名词
37、或句子; these 或 those指代前句的复数名词。 (2016?全国 片段 ) 专业文档 珍贵文档 But it seems that many people dont cook fish at home.Americans eat only about fifteen pounds of fish per person per year, but we eat twice as much fish in restaurants as at home.Buying, storing, and cooking fish isnt difficult._17_This text is abo
38、ut how to buy and cook fish in an easy way. ADo not buy it. DIt just requires a little knowledge. 解题思路 空格上一句提到买鱼、贮藏鱼和烹饪并不难,启承上句,此处指只是需要一些这方面的知识。D 选项 中的代词“It”指代前面提到的“Buying, storing, and cooking fish”。 尝试解答: _D_ 词汇同现法 词汇同现法是指属于同一词汇搭配范畴或者某一领域的词汇在文章中同时出现,达到语意衔接的目 的。一般来说,上下文中词汇的范畴越小,上下文的衔接关系越紧密。 (2015?全
39、国片段) Training for a marathon requires careful preparation and steady,gradual increases in the length of the runs._36_,buy the bestfitting ,bestbuilt running shoes you can find.No one can say which brand will work best for you or feel best on your feet ,so you have to rely on your experience and on the feel of each pair as you shop. During the first week ,do not think about distance ,but run five minutes longer each day. BFor a good marathon runner CBefore you begin your training 解题思路 空格前讲到一个观点:马拉松训练需要精心准备,下面的论述必须在“准备”这一范畴内,且下文中 出现了“During the first week”等时间词汇,本题是指开始训练前的准备。 尝试解答:此题属词汇同现,故选_C_
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