【优质文档】2018高考英语大题精做09完形填空议论文.pdf
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1、完形填空议论文 近几年的高考完形填空试题中,也出现了议论文体裁的完形填空。此类文章有以下几个 特点: 1. 首句致胜,论点明确 这类文体绝大多数都把文章的首句作为主旨句,作者在这一句话中提出论点,然后在各段的 首句提出分论点。 2. 结构清晰,合乎逻辑。 议论型完形填空的三要素:论点、论据和论证。论点、论据形成一体,相互印证。为使 文章脉络清楚,有逻辑性,常使用一些连接词。如:on the contrary, generally, worse still,in conclusion, personally,further more, surely , obviously,besides , f
2、irstly等。 大家要做好议论文题材的完形填空最重要的是抓住作者的论点。不同的议论文论点的提出方 式往往不同,大体有以下三种情况: (1)开门见山地提出论点。有些议论文在文章的一开始就提出论点,然后再通过具体的论据 去说明论点, 论据有时候既有正面的论据,也有反面的论据, 最后总结全文。 (2)导入式提出论点。有些议论文会先通过叙述生活中的一个具体的事情或描述生活中的现 象,然后根据事情或现象所反映的问题提出自己的见解。最后再用具体的论据去说明自己的 论点。 (3)最后提出论点。 有些议论文一开始作者仅仅是列举生活中的现象,而不表明自己的观点, 而是通过对具体现象的分析,自然得出一种结论,这
3、种结论往往就是作者的论点。 3. 方法论证,合情合理。 这类文章都是按一定的论证方法来论证的。常用的论证方法有: 归纳法 ( 分析个别事物,达到共同点,得出结论) ; 推理法 ( 从原理出发,个别分析说明,得出结论) ; 对照法 ( 正反对照,分析说明,得出结论) ; 驳论法 ( 阐述错误观点,逐条批驳,阐明观点) 。 【应试策略】 1. 通览 把握作者的观点和态度。议论文往往体现作者对某一事物的观点,而作者的观点就是文 章的论点。考生要把握作者的观点,把握作者对某一事物是褒还是贬,是赞成还是反对,而 通常把握了作者的观点也就找准了文章的论点。 把握文章的开头,总结文章的结尾。议论文的篇首或结
4、尾出现话题中心,通过首段或末 段把握文章的主题。 2. 试填 注意段与段之间的逻辑。议论文往往围绕某一个论点用不同的论据加以佐证,往往每一 段就是一个论据,而论据和论据之间又相互联系、互为补充,每一段往往就是其中一个角度 或侧面。 3. 复核 通读全文,检验每条论据是否都合情合理,都能强而有力地支撑论点。 【解题技巧】 1. 重视首句,要有推断意识 完形填空一般不给出标题,但首句往往不设置空,通常是一个完整的句子,它是全文的 关键句,也是主导句。考生要从这个窗口领悟文章的有用信息,根据有用信息推断文章的大 意及主题,从此找到一个突破口展开思维,准确答题。 2. 通读全文,要有作者意识 完形填空
5、不是单项选择,它必须建立在理解文章的基础上,因此要通读全文,从语篇的 整体内容出发,根据具体语境,结合语言结构,全面考虑,把握文章的脉络,理解全文大意。 在通读中,找出文章的主题,尤其是作者的观点,要有作者意识,与作者达成共鸣,把握全 局,理清思路,抓住主线,按照作者的思路朝着正确的方向发展,根据特定情节,找到唯一 正确的,合乎逻辑的答案。 3. 瞻前顾后,要有结构意识 做完形填空题时首先要做到瞻前顾后。完形填空题的选项一般从语法角度来看都可 以选,但必须要根据文章前后的暗示词以及行文逻辑关系来选择。其次要注意词语用法上的 细微差别,结合上下文辨析词汇的内涵、外延、褒贬以及修辞色彩。还要有结构
6、意识,根据 句子结构中所需的词汇做出恰当的选择。同时,也要注意一些惯用法,并结合英美生活常识 等做出选择。 4. 反复推敲,要有纠错意识 填完所有空,还要复读一遍,从语法角度入手,仔细推敲时态、语态、语气、主谓一致、 代词的格、非谓语动词的形式、形容词和副词以及名词的搭配,要有大胆的纠错意识。而且, 还要克服定时思维,重视不同体裁的文章提供的任何细节,准确无误地做好完形填空题。 Cloze 1 ( 2015福建卷) 体裁文章话题词数建议时 间 难度自测正确 率 议论文寻回昔日对生活的热情321 15 分钟 One of the easiest things in the world is to
7、 become a fault-finder. However, life can be 1 when you are not busy finding fault with it. Several years ago I 2 a letter from seventeen-year-old Kerry, who described herself as a world-class fault-finder, almost always 3 by things. People were always doing things that annoyed her, and 4 was ever g
8、ood enough. She was highly self-critical and also found fault with her friends. She became a really 5 person. Unfortunately, it took a horrible accident to change her 6 . Her best friend was seriously hurt in a car crash. What made it almost 7 to deal with was that the day before the 8 , Kerry had v
9、isited her friend and had spent the whole time criticizing her 9 of boyfriends, the way she was living, the way she related to her mother, and various other things she felt she needed to 10 . It wasn t until her friend was badly hurt that Kerry became 11 her habit of finding fault. Very quickly, she
10、 learned to appreciate life rather than to 12everything so harshly(刻薄 ). She was able to transfer her new wisdom to other parts of her 13 as well. Perhaps most of us arent as extreme at fault-finding, 14 when we re honest, we can be sharply 15 of the world. Im not suggesting you 16 problems, or that
11、 you pretend things are 17 than they are, but simply that you learn to allow things to be as they are 18 most of the time, and especially when its not a really big 19 . Train yourself to bite your tongue, and with a little 20 , you ll get really good at letting things go. And when you do, youll get
12、back your enthusiasm and love for life. 1. A. lonely B. great C. quiet D. uneasy 2. A. received B. answered C. expected D. rejected 3. A. threatened B. interrupted C. bothered D. spoiled 4. A. anything B. everything C. something D. nothing 5. A. caring B. boring C. interesting D. surprising 6. A. at
13、titude B. plan C. measure D. explanation 7. A. urgent B. unnecessary C. certain D. impossible 8. A. occasion B. event C. accident D. adventure 9. A. memory B. notice C. evidence D. choice 10. A .hear B. contribute C. express D. admit 11. A. aware of B. afraid of C. curious about D. confused about 12
14、. A. discuss B. realize C. judge D. settle 13. A. family B. life C. career D. education 14. A. so B. or C. but D. for 15. A. proud B. sure C. hopeful D. critical 16. A. face B. create C. solve D. ignore 17. A. rarer B. better C. stranger D. worse 18. A.at least B.at last C.by far D.so far 19. A. tas
15、k B. deal C. result D. duty 20. A. practice B. speech C. rest D. pity 【文章大意】这是一篇议论文。文章通过讲述Kerry从一个吹毛求疵的人变为一个学会感恩 生活的人,告诉我们要管好你的嘴,寻回昔日对生活的热情。 9.D Kerry批评她的朋友对男朋友的选择。choice 选择。 10.C 空处所在的句子是定语从句,various other things 是先行词 , 关系词that/which 代 替先行词在从句中作 宾语,所以用express 表达。 11.A 直到她的朋友严重受伤Kerry 才意识到她挑毛病的习惯。aw
16、are of 意识到; afraid of 害怕; curious about 好奇; confused about 感到困惑。 Cloze 2 ( 2014广东卷) 体裁文章话题词数建议时 间 难度自测正确 率 议论文父母与孩子的关系292 17 分钟 Parents feel that it is difficult to live with teenagers. Then again, teenagers have 1 feelings about their parents, saying that it is not easy living with them. According
17、to a recent research, the most common 2 between parents and teenagers is that regarding untidiness and daily routine tasks. On the one hand, parents go mad over 3 rooms, clothes thrown on the floor and their childrens refusal to help with the 4 . On the other hand, teenagers lose their patience cont
18、inually when parents blame them for 5 the towel in the bathroom, not cleaning up their room or refusing to do the shopping at the supermarket. The research, conducted by St. George University, shows that different parents have different 6 to these problems. However, some approaches are more 7 than o
19、thers. For example, those parents who yell at their children for their untidiness, but 8 clean the room for them, have fewer chances of changing their childrens 9 . On the contrary, those who let teenagers experience the 10 of their actions can do better. For example, when teenagers who dont help th
20、eir parents with the shopping don t find their favorite drink in the refrigerator, they are forced to 11 their actions. Psychologists say that 12is the most important thing in parent-child relationships. Parents should 13 to their children but at the same time they should lend an ear to what they ha
21、ve to say. Parents may 14 their children when they are untidy but they should also understand that their room is their own private space. Communication is a two-way process. It is only by listening to and 15 each other that problems between parents and children can be settled. 1. A. natural B. stron
22、g C. guilty D. similar 2. A. interest B. argument C. link D. knowledge 3. A. noisy B. crowded C. messy D. locked 4. A. homework B. housework C. problem D. research 5. A. washing B. using C. dropping D. replacing 6. A. approaches B. contributions C. introductions D. attitudes 7. A. complex B. popular
23、 C. scientific D. successful 8. A. later B. deliberately C. seldom D. thoroughly 9. A. behavior B. taste C. future D. nature 10. A. failures B. changes C. consequences D. thrills 11. A. defend B. delay C. repeat D. reconsider 12. A. communication B. bond C. friendship D. trust 13. A. reply B. attend
24、 C. attach D. talk 14. A. hate B. scold C. frighten D. stop 15. A. loving B. observing C. understanding D. praising 【文章大意】本文是一篇议论文,文章就父母与孩子的关系进行了讨论。最新研究表明, 父母与孩子之间最为常见的争执在于不整洁和日常家务这两个方面。同时,父母不同的应对 方法收效也不尽相同。心理学家说,在处理父母与孩子的关系时,最重要的还是在于双方的 沟通和理解。 5.C 当父母不断地责备孩子们在浴室乱扔毛巾,不打扫房间,不去超市购物时,孩子们会失 去耐心 ( 而跟父 母争
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