【优质文档】七年级英语下册语法总结.pdf
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1、学习必备欢迎下载 七年级英语下册语法总结 一、一般现在时 1. 构成:主语 +动词+其他 2. 标志词: always, usually, often, sometimes, never, 等频率副词。 3. 否定句: 1)当动词是be, can, may, must, should等在其后加 not e.g. I cant play football. 2)当是实义动词时加助动词dont/doesnt 后跟动词原形 e.g. I dont like football. She doesn t like football. 4. 疑问句: 1)当动词是be, can, may, must, s
2、hould等将其提前 e.g. Can you swim? 2)当是实义动词时将助动词do/does 放在前面,后跟主语和动词原 形。e.g. Does she like football? 5. 特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词 +一般疑问句e.g When does she usually get up in the morning? 二、现在进行时 1. 构成:主语 +be+doing+其他 2. 动词动词 -ing 变化规律: 1)一般情况下直接加 -ing, eg. Working 2)以不发音 e 结尾的去 e 加-ing, eg. Taking 3) 以辅音字母 +元音字母 +辅音字母结尾
3、的重读闭音节, 双写末尾辅音字母加 -ing, eg. Stopping 4)特殊变化 , lielying 3. 标志词: look, listen, now, at the moment, itsoclock 4. 否定句: be 动词后加 not e.g. She is not listening to music. 5. 疑问句:将 be 动词提前 e.g . Is she listening to music? 6. 特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词 +一般疑问句e.g What is she doing now? 三、将来时 1. 构成:主语 +be going to+动词原形主语will动
4、词原形 2. 标志词: tomorrow, next day/month/year 等表示将来的时间 3. 否定句: be 动词后加 not;will 后加 not e.g. He is not going to have a piano lesson this weekend. He will not have a piano lesson this weekend. 4. 疑问句:将 be 动词提前;将 will 提前 e.g. Is he going to have a piano lesson this weekend? Will he going to have a piano le
5、sson this weekend? 5. 特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词 +一般疑问句What are you going to do tomorrow? What will you do tomorrow? 四、过去时 1. 构成:主语 +动词过去时 +其他 2. 标志词: yesterday, just now, ago, this morning, when I was young,last 等 3. 动词动词过去式变化规律: 1)一般动词结尾加 -ed, e.g. Walk walked 2)以字母 e 结尾的动词加 - d, e.g. Live-lived 学习必备欢迎下载 3)以辅音字母
6、加 y 结尾的变 y 为 i 加-ed, e.g. Hurryhurried 4) 以辅音字母 +元音字母 +辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节, 双写末尾辅音字母加 -ed, eg. Stop stopped 特殊变化详见课本P172 4. 否定句: 1)动词 be 过去式后直接加 not e.g. I was not in Chengdu last year. 2) 当是实义动词时,加助动词didnt 后跟动词原形 e.g. I didnt telephone my parents yesterday. 5. 疑问句: 1) 动词 be 过去式提前 e.g. Were you in Chengdu
7、last year? 2) 当是实义动词时将助动词did 放在前面,后跟主语和动词原形 e.g. Did you telephone my parents yesterday? 6. 特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词 +一般疑问句e.g What did you do yesterday? 五、形容词、副词比较级,最高级 1. 形容词 (1)在句子中做定语,一般放在名词之前。但是当形容词修饰something, somebody, anything, anybody, nothing, nobody 时,要放于其后。e.g. I have an interesting book. There is no
8、thing serious. (2) 作表语,放在系动词之后。 e.g. This kind of dress is expensive. (3) 以 a-开头的形容词,一般在句子中只能作表语。e.g. Keep quiet! My baby is asleep in the room. (4) 作宾语补足语,放在宾语之后。e.g. The good news makes us very happy. 2. 副词 副词在句子中主要做状语,可以修饰动词、形容词、副词。修饰动词时,一般放 在行为动词之后;修饰形容词时,一般放在形容词之前;表示时间、地点的副词 一般放在句末或句首; 频度副词一般放在
9、行为动词之前。e.g. I cant hear you clearly. 3. 比较级用法 (1)可以单独使用eg. I hope to do better in English. (2)和 than 一起用 eg. Zhang Jun is stronger than Lin Tao. (3)其他几种用法 a. 两者比较,哪一个更怎么样?Who/Which + be+比较级,A or B? e.g. Who did better, Lucy or Lily? b. 用比较级形式表达最高级意义 比较级 +than any other+n.+比较级范围(in/of) =比较级 +than any
10、 of the others+ in/of =比较级 +than the other+n.+in/of (在同一范围内比较 ) 比较级 +than any + n.+ in/of (在两个不同范围内比较 ) e.g. Kate is more careful than any other girl in our class Shanghai is bigger than any city in Shangdong Province. c. 越来越怎么样?比较级 +and+比较级 e.g. Our country is becoming stronger and stronger. d. 有范围
11、的两者之间的比较用the+形容词比较级 +of the two eg. My mother is the busier of the two. e. 用来修饰比较级的副词有:much/ far/ lots/ a lot; a litter; even;still 等 学习必备欢迎下载 4. 最高级用法用来对三个或三个以上的人或事物进行比较,形容词的最高级前 必须加定冠词 the,副词前的 the 可以省略。 a. 最高级 +范围 eg. Changjian is the longest river in China. b. 主语+be+one of the+ 形容词最高级 +名词复数 +比较级
12、范围(of/in 短语) , 表示 最的之一。eg. Yang Liwei is one of the most famous heroes in China. c. 主语+be+the+序数词 +形容词最高级 +单数名词 +比较范围,表示是 的第几。eg. The Yellow River is the second longest river in China. 八年级上册语法复习 一、行为动词的一般过去时 1、过去式的构成规则 (1)一般情况下在动词原形后直接加-ed. 如: want wanted (2)以不发音的字母e 结尾的动词,去掉e 再加 -ed. 如: hopehoped (
13、3)重读闭音节单词需双写最后一个辅音字母再加-ed. 如: stop stopped (4)以辅音字母 +y 结尾的动词改y 为 i,再加 -ed. 如:studystudied 注意:不规则动词变 化,要逐一熟记。 2、实义动词过去式的句式。 肯定式:主语+动词过去式 +其它。 如: They had a good time yesterday. 否定式: 主语 +did not(didnt)+动词原形 +其它。如:They didnt watch TV last night. 一般疑问句:Did+主语 +动词原形 +其它? 肯定回答: Yes ,主语 +did. 否定回答: No,主语 +
14、didnt. 如:Did they have a meeting two days ago?Yes,they did. / No ,they didn t. 特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+did+主语 +动词原形 +其它?如: What time did you finish your homework ? 3一般过去时的用法: a.主要用于过去某个时间发生的动作或状态。 My father worked in Shanghai last year. b.表示过去经常或反复发生的动作,常与 often, always 等表示频度的时间状语连用。 I often went to school on f
15、oot. c.与 when 等连词引导的状语从句连用。When he got home ,he had a short rest. 4一般过去时的时间状语:a moment ago (刚才),yesterday morning ,last night/ week , 学习必备欢迎下载 the day before yesterday (前天),just now(刚才),in 2006, three days ago 等 对应练习: 用所给动词的正确形式填空 1. I _ ( go) to school yesterday. 2. She_ ( play ) football last week
16、. 3. Look! Jack _ ( sing ) now. 4.You_(read)the new paper the day before yesterday. 5. I _ ( see ) Jack in the zoo last weekend. 6. I _ (do) my homework last night 7.She _(open)the mailbox the day after tomorrow. 8. I _ ( help ) the little baby drink the milk the next morning. 9. The farmers _ (work
17、) on the farm next week. 10. My parents_ ( watch) TV last Monday. 句型转换 1. I went to the party last Friday. (改为一般疑问句)_ you _ to the party last Friday? 2. I had a nice time last Sunday. (改为一般疑问句)_ you _ nice time last Sunday? 3. We went to London two years ago. (对划线部分提问)_ _ you_ to London? 4. He did h
18、is homework in the morning. (改为否定句)He_ _ his homework in the morning. 二、现在完成时 谓语构成:助动词have / has +动词的过去分词用法: (1) 表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,常与 already (已经 ), ever (曾经 ),yet ,just (刚刚 ),before (以前 ) 等词连用。 (2)表示过去发生的动作持续到了现在,常与 for 或 since 引导的时间状语连用。标志词: (1)just,never,ever, already, yet 等 (2)for 一段时间; since
19、点时间或引导时间状语从句(一般多为过去时(3)so far(到 目前为止 );in the past/last 表示一段时间的词语各种句式结构: 肯定式:主语 +have/has+过去分词 +其他e.g I have lived here for ten years. Lucy has lived here since 2001. 否定式:主语 +havent/hasn t+过去分词 +其他e.g They havent had breakfast yet. 一般疑问句: Have/Has+主语 +过去分词 +其他?e.g Have you ever been to Beijing? 特殊疑问
20、句: 疑问词 +have/has+主语 +过去分词 +其他?e.g How long has he lived here? 练 习: 写出下列动词的过去分词形式: 1、 see2、 hear3、study 4、stop5、 write 6、teach 7、 catch 8、 go9、 play 10、live 11、make12、forget (一)考查现在完成时的一般用法 ( )1 Kitty, will you go to see the film Cold Mountain this evening? No, I won tI_it already Asaw Bhave seen Cse
21、e Dwill see ( )2.Gone with the Wind is a well known novel She_ it twice Aread Bis 学习必备欢迎下载 reading Creads D has read ( )3 How long_ you_ here? For about two years so far A. have; studied B. did; live C. do; stay D. have changed (二)考查非延续性动词与一段时间连用的表达方式 ( )1 OhMrsking, your dress looks nice Is it new?
22、 No,I_ it since two years ago. Ahad Bhave had Cbought Dhave bought ( )2Jeff borrowed a history book from his friend He_it for a week Ahas borrowed B.has lent C.has kept D lend ( )3.The students are sorry to hear that the famous singer_for half an hourAhas left Bhas gone C. has been away D. has gone
23、away (三)考查 havehas been to,havehas gone to 与 have has been in 的区别 ( )1 Wheres your father? He_ ShanghaiHell be back next week Ahas gone to Bhas been to C have gone to Dhave been to ( )2 Where is David? He_to England on business Ais going Bhas gone Chas been Dgoes ( )3. _ you ever_ to the United Stat
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