【优质文档】不定式被动语态.pdf
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1、学习必备欢迎下载 动词不定式三注意 动词不定式是动词的非谓语形式之一,常由“ to + 动词原形”构成,可在句中 作主语,表语,宾语,宾语补足语,状语等。今天,咱们主要谈谈关于它的三个 要多加注意的方面。 1. 作宾语的动词不定式何时省略to 我们知道,像 ask, want, invite, wish, expect, warn 等动词后常接带 to 的动词不定式作宾语补足语。 那什么时候把 to 省略呢?常见的有 “一感二听 三让四看半帮助”几种情况。即feel sb do sth; listen/ hear sb do; make/ let/ have sb do sth; look a
2、t/ see/ watch/ notice sb do sth; help sb ( to ) do sth 。 如:I often hear Molly sing songs in her room. 我经常听见莫利在她 的房间里唱歌。 Don t make him stand outside. 别让他在外边站着了。 【知识拓展】 若表示“看到 / 听到/ 感觉到某人正在做某事” , 则用 see/ hear/ feel sb doing sth. 如:I can hear someone singing at the door. 我能听见有人正在问口 唱歌。 在被动语态中,这些不定式中被省
3、略的to 要还原。 如:He was made to do more work. 他被要求做更多的工作。 She was seen to play basketball. 他被看见在打篮球。 2. 疑问词 +不定式 不定式可以和疑问词what, how, when, where 等连用,共同作句子的宾语 或表语等,但此时不定式一定要放在疑问词的后面。 学习必备欢迎下载 如:Can you show me how to turn off the computer? 你能让我看看如何关电脑吗? (how to do sth 作宾语 ) Where to spend the weekend hasn
4、t been decided yet. 去哪里度过周末还没有被决定出来呢。(where to do sth 作主语 ) 3. 不定式和 it 不定式可以作句子的主语和宾语, 但有时候它们因太长而显得句子结构不够 完美,故常用 it 来代替它作形式主语或形式宾语。 常见的句型有以下两个: It be + adj + for sb to do sth.对某人来说 做某事怎么样。( it 作形式主语) sb thinks/ find it + adj + to do sth. 某人认为(发现)做某事怎么样。(it 作形式宾语) 如:It is very easy for me to answer t
5、hat question. 对我来说,回答 那个问题是很容易的。 Did you find it hard to solve the problem? 你觉得解决那个问题 很难吗? 练一练: 用括号内所给单词的正确形式填空。 1. Can you tell me how _ to the cinema? (go) 2. It is very easy for him _ that problem. (solve ) 3. Listen! Can you hear someone _ at our door? (knock) 4. He was made _ his name on the bl
6、ackboard. (write ) 5. We often see him _ books on the playground. (read) 6. I find it hard _ a new language. (learn ) 学习必备欢迎下载 1. to go 2. to slove 3. knocking 4. to write 5. read 6. to learn 1. Dont forget _ the letter. A. to send B. send C. sending D. being sent 2. The chair looks very old, but in
7、 fact it is very comfortable to _. A. sit B. sit on C. be sat D. be sat on 3. Is _ necessary to return the book tomorrow? A. this B. that C. it D. which 4. Im afraid they would not allow him _ here. A. to smoke B. smoking C. smokes D. smoke 5. Mother told me _ the water before I drank it. A. boiling
8、 B. boiled C. boil D. to boil 6. On my way home, I stopped _ some food. A. buy B. to buy C. buying D. bought 7. John was made _ the car for a week as a punishment. A. to wash B. washing C. wash D. to be washing 8. The sitting-room needs _, but itll have to wait until Saturday. A. be cleaning B. to b
9、e cleaned C. clean D. being cleaned 9. The first thing I want to do is _. A. visit to him B. to visit him C. visiting him D. visited him 10. Li Yang advised me _ too much, otherwise I would have been d runk. A. not to drink B. to drink C. not drinking D. drinking 参考答案 1. A. forget to do sth . 忘记去做某事
10、。 forget doing sth . 忘 记做过某事。 2. B. sit on the chair, 其中 on 不能少。 3. C. it为形式主语。 4. A. allow sb to do 5. D. tell sb, to do 6. B. stop to do 停下去做另一件事。 stop doing 停止做某事。 7. A. make sb do 在被动语态中为 be made to do . 8. B. need to be done与 need doing 皆为“需要被做”之意。 9. B. 不定式结构作表语。 10. A. 不定式的否定式: advise sb not
11、to do 被动语态 一、语态概述 英语的语态是通过动词形式的变化表现出来的。英语中有两种语态:主 动语态和被动语态。 学习必备欢迎下载 主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。 巧记为: 主动、主动、 主去动 。 如: Many people speak English. 谓语: speak 的动作是由主语 many people 来执行的。 被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者,即行为动作的对象。 巧记为:被动、 被动、主被动 。 所谓“被动语态”, 相当于中文中常说的“被”、 “由” 的句式,如:“他的自行车被偷了。”,“这座楼房是由他们建造的。”再如: English is spoken by ma
12、ny people. 主语 English 是动词 speak 的承受者。 判断:看下面的两个例句,你来判断哪个是主动哪个是被动? He opened the door.他开了门。(_ ) The door was opened.门被开了。(_ ) 说明:好了,现在我们对被动语态的句子形式有了一个形象的认识,但英语句子 是千变万化的, 这时就需要你有“火眼金睛”了。下面我们来具体了解一下被动 语态的构成。 二、被动语态的构成 被动特点强调宾(语),用be 加上过去分(词)。行为对象作主语,逻辑主语 by 来引。 1. English is _(speak)in Canada. 2. The b
13、louse is _(make )of silk. 3. English is _(speak)by many people. 谁做的动作不知道, 说出谁做的没必要。 动作承受者需强调, 用被动语态莫忘了。 1. Some stamps were _ (steal )last week. 2. The PRC was _ (found)on October 1, 1949. 3. Football is _(play )in most middle schools. 被动语态须留意, P.P 前面助动 be. be + P.P 学习必备欢迎下载 am (is,are)现在时, am (is,a
14、re)+P.P was和 were 表过去。 was(were)+P.P 完成 have(has)been。have(has)been+P.P 将来,情态, be 原形。 will (can,may,must )be+P.P 进行时态两个be,前表时态后加ing 。am (is,are)+being+P.P 被动语态由“ 助动词 be及物动词的过去分词 ”构成。人称、数和时态 的变化是通过 be 的变化表现出来的。 说明:别看英语中一会儿主动被动一会儿现在时一会儿过去时啥的,好像看得咱 们眼花缭乱啦。其实呢,这么一堆东西归纳起来,就两点:时态和语态。 歌诀: 被动语态 be 字变,过去分词跟后
15、面。 说明:那么,什么时候用被动语态呢?简单的说,凡是汉语中带“被”的句子, 都能转换成英语的被动语态。 几种常用时态的被动语态 1. 一般现在时: am/is/are+过去分词 肯定句: Bikes are _ (sell )in that shop. 否定句: Bikes are not sold in that shop. 疑问句: Are bikes sold in that shop? Yes, they are. / No, they arent. 2. 一般过去时: was/were+ 过去分词 肯定句: China was _(liberate)in 1949. 否定句: Ch
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