八年级英语下册Unit1What’sthematter短语语法知识点汇总新版人教新目标版【word版】.doc.pdf
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1、1 Unit 1 Whats the matter 一、必背短语 Section A 部分 1.患感冒have a cold 2.胃痛have a stomachache 3.喉咙痛 have a sore throat 4.背痛 have a sore back 5.躺下休息lie down and rest 6.量体温take one s temperature 7.说得太多 talk too much 8.休息 take breaks/a break 9.下车get off 10.拍 X 光片get an X-ray 11.看见某人正在做 see sb. doing 12.反复考虑 th
2、ink twice 13. 期待某 人去 做 某 事 expect sb. to do 14.使惊讶的to one s surprise 15.同意做某事agree to do sth. 16.及时in time 17.多亏,由于 thanks to 18.陷入困境;惹麻烦 get into trouble Section B 部分 1.休息几天rest for a few days 2.把放下;低下put down 3.告诉某人做某事tell sb. to do 4.告诉某人不要去做tell sb. not to do 5.做某事有问题 /麻烦/困难 have problems/troubl
3、e/difficulty (in) doing sth 6.对感兴趣be interested in 7.习惯于做某事be used to doing sth 8.过去常常做某事used to do sth 9.冒险take risks/a risk 10.由于/ 因为 +n./pron. because of 11.处于险境 in a dangerous situation 12.处于困境 in a difficult situation 13.用尽,耗光 run out (of) 14.准备/乐于做某事 be ready to do 15.切除 cut off 16.如此以至于 sotha
4、t 17.以便于;为了so that/in order that 2 18.离开;从 出来 get out of 19.做决定 make decisions/a decision 20.掌控,管理be in control of 21. 的重要性the importance of 22.放弃 give up 23.用绷带包扎 put a bandage on 24.继续做某事keep on doing 25.似乎/好像做某事seem to do 【教材内容解析】 Section A 1. Whats the matter ? (P. 1) Whats the matter意为“ 怎么了?出什么
5、事了? ” ,常用来询问对方遇到什么麻烦或者有 什么不顺心的事,后接with sb./sth. 表示“ 某人/某物怎么了 ” 。可以表示 “ 你怎么了? ” 的 句子有: (1). _ (2). _ (3)._ (4). _ (5). _ (6). _ 2. I have a stomachache. (P. 1) stomachache 用作名词,表示 “ 胃疼、腹疼 ” ,是一个复合名词,含有后缀ache 的常见 复合词还有: 头痛 _ ;牙痛 _ ;耳痛 _ 3. have a sore throat (P. 1) sore 是形容词,意为 “ 疼痛的,酸痛的 ” 可作定语或表语。常见短
6、语: 喉咙痛: _ 后背痛: _ 4. lie down and rest . (P. 2) (1). lie down 意为“ 躺下” 。 【拓展 1】lie 用作动词可以表示“ 躺” 或者 “ 位于” ,还可以表示“ 撒谎” 。 She is lying in bed with a bad cold. 英译汉 _ 3 Beijing lies in the north of China. 英译汉 _ It is a bad habit to lie. 英译汉 _ 【拓展 2】lie 及 lay 一词多义 原形过去式过去分词现在分词 lie(躺、位于)lay lain lying lie(撒
7、谎) lied lied lying lay(放置、下蛋) laid(laid laying 记忆口诀:规则撒谎,不规则躺;躺过下蛋,下蛋不规则。 (2). rest 此处用作动词,表示 “ 休息” ,rest 也可以用作名词,表示 “ 休息” ,常用的短语为 “ 休息” :_. 例句:Lets stop working and have a rest. 5. Maybe you have a fever.(P. 2) maybe 作副词,表示 “ 可能、也许 ” ,常常放在句首,相当于perhaps ,可以与 may be 相互转换。 Maybe he is a foreigner. =He
8、 may be a foreigner. 6. You need to take breaks away from the computer. (P. 2) need 作动词时,不仅可以作情态动词,还可以作实义动词,作情态动词时,后接动词 原形;作实义动词时,后接名词或者动词不定式(to do)作宾语。 You need nt go to the meeting too early. 判断划线词性()A.情态动词; B.实义 动词 We need three more workers. 判断划线词性()A.情态动词; B.实义动词 He doesn t need to worry too mu
9、ch. 判断划线词性()A.情态动词; B.实义动词 7. Yeah, I think I sat in the same way for too long without moving. (P . without 用作介词,表示 “ 无、没有 ” ,后接名词、代词或者动名词,反义词是with。 They left _ (with) saying goodbye. (用所给词的正确形式填空) We cant live _(with) air and water. (用所给词的正确形式填空) 8. If your head and neck still hurt tomorrow, then g
10、o to a doctor. (P. 2) 本句是含有 if 引导的条件状语从句的主从复合句,可遵循三条原则: 4 (1).主将从现:即主句用一般将来时态,从句用一般现在时态。 (2).主祈从现:即主句为祈使句,从句用一般现在时态。 (3).主情从现:即主句含有情态动词,从句用一般现在时态。 翻译句子:如果明天下雨,我将不会去公园。 _ 翻译句子:如果明天不下雨,我们会去野餐。 _ 翻译句子:如果你不擅长英语,你可以向老师寻求帮助。 _ 9. .when the driver saw an old man lying on the side of the road. (P. 3) (1). s
11、ee sb. doing sth. 看见某人正在做某事,强调所看到的动作正在进行。 翻译: I saw her dancing in the park at six yesterday. (2). see sb do sth 看到某人做了或经常做某事。 翻译: I often see her dance in the park. 10. The bus driver.stopped the bus without thinking twice. (P. 3) (1). think twice 意为“ 再三考虑、权衡利弊 ” 。 翻译: You should think twice before
12、 you make the final decision. 【拓展】 think 的相关短语 think about 思考、考虑;think of 想起、认为; think over 仔细考虑 11. He got off and asked the woman what happened . (P. 3) (1). get off 意为“ 下车” ,反义词是 get on “上车” 。 翻译: Before getting off the bus, you should take care. (2). happen 表示“ 发生” 的时候,作不及物动词, 常用的结构为: sth. happe
13、ns to sb.“某 人发生了某事 ” 。 翻译: An accident happened to him yesterday and now he lies in hospital. 12. Mr. Wang knew he had to act quickly. (P. 3) have to 表示“ 必须、不得不 ” ,强调客观上的必须, must 侧重于个人意志和主观上的必 须。 翻译:We have to walk home because the car has broken down. 5 翻译:We must study hard. 13. He expected most o
14、r all of the passengers to get off and wait for the next bus. (P . 3) (1) expect 的常见用法: expect to do sth. 期待做某事 翻译:The fans are expecting to see the football star. expect sb. to do sth. 期待某人做某事 翻译:The man expects his son to pass the exam successfully. (2) wait 的常见用法: wait for sb./sth.“等待某人或者某事 ” 翻译:
15、We are waiting for the result of the exam. wait to do sth.“等待做某事 ” 翻译:All the passengers are waiting to get on the bus. cant wait to do sth.“迫不及待做某事 ” 翻译:The children cant wait to rush out after the class is over. 14. But to his surprise, they all agreed to go with him. (P. 3) agree with sb. 同意某人 翻译
16、:I can t agree with you more. agree to sth. 同意某事 翻译:Do you agree to the plan? agree on sth. 在某事上达成一致意见 翻译:They finally agreed on the design of the bridge. agree to do sth. 同意做某事 翻译:Her parents dont agree to marry ( 嫁) their daughter to the man. 15. Thanks to Mr. Wang and the passengers, the man was
17、saved by the doctors in time . (P. 3) (1). thanks to 表示“ 多亏、由于” ,后接名词或代词, 作原因状语, 相当于 because of 。 翻译: Thanks to the warm and sunny weather, oranges grow well here. (2).in time “及时” 强调正好赶上事先约定的时间,没有迟到。 6 翻译: I am just in time for the plane. 【拓展】 on time “按时” 指按计划做某事,强调不迟到,不早不晚。 翻译: Please hand in you
18、r homework on time. 16. “ It s sad thatmany people dont want to help othersbecause they dont want any trouble,” says one passenger. (P. 3) (1) 本句是 “It is +形容词 +that 从句” ,句中的 it 作形式主语,代替真正的主语that 从句。 翻译:It is important that we should protect the environment. (2) other: 意为“ 别的、其它的 ” ,常用来修饰可数名词。 the ot
19、her: 表示“ 两者中另一个 ” ,是特指; the other 之后也可以加复数名词,特指“ 其它的 ” 。 another: 表示“ 三者中另一个 ” 。 others: 用作代词,泛指 “ 其他的人或物 ” 是复数概念。 the others: 特指在一个整体中的 “ 其余的人或物(全部) ” 。 翻译: We study Chinese, English, Math and other subjects. 翻译: There are three people in the room. One is a girl and the other two are boys. 翻译: You
20、should think of others. 翻译: There are fifty-five students in our class. Thirty of us are girls and the others are boys. 17. Bus No. 26 hit an old man on Zhonghua Road. 26. (P. 3) hit 表示“ 撞击、打击 ” ,表示“ 打某人某个部位 ” 时用“hit sb.+ 介词(on, in)+the+身体部 位” ,若打的部位较硬用on,打的部位较软用 in。 翻译:The man hit the little boy in
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