《专升本英语重点归纳.pdf》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《专升本英语重点归纳.pdf(10页珍藏版)》请在三一文库上搜索。
1、学习资料收集于网络,仅供参考 学习资料 第 三 课 1. count on: to rely on;depend on 依靠,依赖 You can count on my help. 你可以依赖我的帮助 4. available adj. 可用到的 , 可利用的 , Chinese commodities available for export are varied. 中国可供出口的商品种类繁多。 Im sorry, those overcoats are not available in your colour and size. 对不起 ,这种外套没有你要的颜色 和尺码。 The law
2、yer is not available now. 律师现在没空。 approachable 可接近的 , 平易近人的 , 亲切的 Youll find the headmaster a very approachable person. 你将会发现校长十分平易近人。 9. recall:回忆 , 回想 , 记起 , 取消 Recall the misery of the past and contrast it with the happiness of today. “想想过去的苦 ,比比今天的甜。 “ retain:保持 , 保留 retain an appearance of yout
3、h 保有年轻的外貌 remind: 提醒 , 使想起 Remind me to write to Mother. 提醒我给妈妈写信。 This reminds me of last year. 这使我想起去年的事。 12. intensively adv. 强烈地 , 集中地 intensive reading 精读 intensive farming 细耕农业 , 集约农业 originally adv. 最初 , 原先 originally named Johnston. 他原本名叫庄士顿 19. intimate adj. 亲密的 , 隐私的 an intimate letter. 私人
4、信件 initial 最初的 , 词首的 , 初始的 the initial issue of a magazine 杂志的创刊号 Incredible 难以置信的 gave an incredible explanation of the cause of the accident 20. look into 向.的里面看 , 窥视;浏览;观察 , 调查 run into 偶然遇见,偶然发现遭 遇,陷入(某件事) ran into an old friend. 与一个老朋友不期而遇 His net worth runs into seven figures. 他的净值达到了七位数 come
5、into 继承 , 获得(遗产);开 始;进入 Tom came into a fortune when his uncle died. 汤姆的叔叔去世后,他得到一大笔 钱。 put into 使进入 , 把.翻译成 30. doubt 的用法 1. doubt 当动词时 ,在中后 面可接 if 或 whether 。 在否定句及疑问句中可跟that 从 句。有时在 中也能跟that 从句 ,但其含义是 “恐怕 .不会 “。 doubt if (或 whether) he will win. 我怀疑他能否赢。 dont doubt that he will win. 我毫不怀疑他会成功。 Do
6、 you doubt that he will win? 你怀疑他会成功吗? I doubt that he will win. 恐怕他赢不了。 2. doubt of 对.抱怀疑或悲观态度。 The project began badly and we dou bt of its further progress. 这项工程开始就不顺利,我们怀疑 能否继续进行。 3. no doubt 后接that 从句或介词 of。 We have no doubt that you will succ eed. We have no doubt of your success. 我们毫不怀疑你会成功。
7、There is (It is 误 ) no doubt that you will succeed. 毫无疑问你会成功。 33.虚拟语气 it 作形式主语,后面用形容词作表 语,即在 it is + adj.这样的句型中, 当 描 述 主 语 的 表 语 形 容 词 是 advisable, critical ,crucial, desirable, essential, imperative, important, incredible, inevitable, necessary, recommend, strange, urgent 等形容 词时,主语从句的谓语动词多用虚 拟语气,如果
8、是现在时,谓语动词 用should/would + 动 词 原 形 (should/would 经常省略 ); 如果是过 去时,则用should/would + have done 的形式。 虚拟语气 : 一、虚拟语气用于名词性从句 1虚拟语气在宾语从句中的运用。 “wish + 宾语从句 ” 表示不能实 现的愿望。表示现在不能实现的愿 望,从句中的谓语动词用一般过去 时;表示将来不能实现的愿望,从 句中的谓语动词用“would / could + 动词原形 ” ;表示过去不能实现的愿 望,从句中的谓语动词用“had + 过 去分词 ” 或“could (should) + have + 过去
9、分词 ” 。例如: I wish that the rain would stop. 在表示建议、 要求、命令等的动 词后的宾语从句中,谓语动词用 “should + 动词原形 ” 或是 “ 动词原 形” 。例如: 学习资料收集于网络,仅供参考 学习资料 The teacher suggested that we (should) clean the blackboard after class. Would (had) rather, would just as soon, would sooner, would prefer + 从句结构 这几个句型都表示一种“ 婉转的责 备” ,谓语动词
10、用过去式表示现在或 将来,用过去完成式表示与过去事 实相反。例如: Id rather (that) she stayed at home in such a bad health condition. expect, believe, think, suspect, imagine 等动词的否定或疑问形式 的宾语从句中, 谓语动词用 should + 动词原形。例如: I never expected that the problem should be so complicated. 2虚拟语气在同位语从句和表语从 句中的运用。 作表示建议、要求、命令等名词的 表语从句和同位语从句,从句中
11、的 谓语动词用 “ (should)+ 动词原 形” 。例如: It is my proposal that he be sent to study further abroad 3虚拟语气在主语从句中的运用。 在主语从句中,谓语动词的虚拟语 气用 “should + 动词原形 ” 的结构, 表示惊奇、不相信、理应如此等。 常用的形容词: natural, necessary, important ,urgent ,probable , desirable, advisable, essential,常 用的过去分词: required, demanded, suggested, ordere
12、d recommended, 。 例如: It s necessary that we should have a walk now. 二、虚拟语气在其他场合的运用 1虚拟语气在as if / as though、 even if / even though 等引导的表语从句 或状语从句中,如果从句表示的动 作发生在过去,用过去完成时;指 现在状况,则用一般过去时;指将 来状况则用过去将来时。例如: She loves the children in the kindergarten as if they were her own. 2 虚拟语气用于句型“It is (about / high
13、) time (that).”中,定语从句的 谓语动词用一般过去时(be 用 were) 或 should + 动词原形。例如: It is high time (that) we began to work. 3虚拟语气用在if only 引导的感叹 句中。例如: If only he could come tomorrow. 4虚拟语气用在 “for fear that ”引起 的状语从句中 ,其形式为 should +动 词原形(should 不能省略)。 例如: She put a blanket over that baby for fear that he should catch
14、 cold. 第 四 课 21、独立主格结构在句中作状语, 有自己的逻辑主语, 表示一种伴随 的动作或情况。 主语 +(副词、 介词短语、形容词短 语、现在分词、过去分词、动词不 定式) +其它。 22. consist of 由构成: consist in 在于 The beauty of the plan consists in its simplicity. 这个计划妙就妙在简明扼要。 consist with 一致,符合 Theory should consist with practice. 理论应与实践相一致。 30. lay off: 解雇员工 ; lay down: 放 弃并投
15、降 ;规定rules; lay out:设 计;展览 49. on behalf of 代表 , 为了 ; on sb.s behalf 以某人的名义; 为了 某人 ; 代表某人 My husband could not be here tonight, but l want to thank you on his behalf. 我丈夫今晚因故不能前来, 我代表 他向你们致谢。 51. access:通路 , 访问 , 入门 ; have access to: 有通路, 有可能, 有权利 The only access to the town is across the bridge. 到镇
16、上唯一的通路是经过一座桥。 Citizens may have free accessto the library. 市民可以自由使用图书馆。 54. for fear that 唯恐 , 害怕 ; In case 万一 Take a hat with you in case the sun is very hot. 倘若太阳很利害, 你就把帽子戴上。 in case of 如果;万一 In case of rain they cant go. 万一下雨,他们就不能去了。 56.run down 停掉,耗尽 ,筋疲力尽 The alarm clock finally ran down. 闹钟终
17、于停了 run into 偶然遇见,偶然发现;遭 遇,陷入(某件事) ran into trouble 陷入麻烦 run through 穿透,刺穿 run over: 碾过 ; 与相撞、撞倒, 浏览 The car ran over a child. 那辆汽车碾过了孩子 run over a speech before giving it. 演说之前浏览一下演讲稿 第 五 课 25. event 事件 ;社交场合,活动; (体育运动)比赛项目 ; 结果; accident 意外事件 , 事故; incident 事件 , 事变。 33. survive 幸免于 , 幸存 , 生还 Few s
18、urvived after the flood. 洪水过后,生还者极少。 The man was very ill, but he survived. 这个人病得很厉害,可是他活下来 了。 He survived his wife for many years. 学习资料收集于网络,仅供参考 学习资料 他比妻子多活好多年。(outlive,live longer than ) 例如: Please take notes while listening to the report. When explaining it to her, you should be patient. 40. dec
19、line:To express polite refusal. 婉拒,谢绝 reject 拒绝 ; 否决 , 驳回 , 丢弃 refuse 拒绝 , 谢绝 ; 表示不情愿(做 某事 ) 45. accuse:控告 , 谴责 , 非难 The police accused him of murder. 警方指控他谋杀。 charge:使承担 ;收费 ; 控告(in charge of: 负责) charged him with the task of watching the young swimmers. 使他承担起看护年轻游泳者的任务 The police charged him with
20、car theft. Critics charged the writer with a lack of originality. 警方以偷车罪指控他。评论家指责 这位作家缺少独创性 47. account for 导致,引起 Bad weather accounted for the long delay. 长期的延缓是因为坏天气 做出解释,说明: The suspect couldnt account for his time that night. 嫌疑犯不能说明那天晚上他的时间 安排 count on: rely on; depend on: 依靠, 依赖: You can count
21、 on my help. 你可以依赖我的帮助 56. Angry as he was, he had to smile. Child as he is, he knows a lot of things. 用带 as的倒装结构表示让步意义, 表示强烈的对照。 补语代词和系动词 副词 as代词和行为动词 倒装结构 : 学生容易混淆的是全部倒装与部分 倒装。如何区分之,编个顺口溜: 副(adv.)介(prep)提前全倒装,其 它句式部分倒;否定提前倒助动, 让步状语倒表语;复合句式倒主句 不倒装的属特殊。 A、Here comes the bus(副词提前, 全倒装 ) B、Here he com
22、es.(代词作主语,不 倒装 ) C、 In front of the house lies a garden.(介词短语提前,全倒装) D、 Never shall I do this again.(否定词 提前,部分倒装) E、Young as he is ,he knows a lot.(让 步状语从句,表语倒装 F、Only when he told me did I realize what trouble he was in (only 修饰 状语,主句倒装 G、Only he can save the patient.(only 修饰主语不倒装) H、Not only will
23、help be given to people,but also medical treatment will be provided.( 否定词提前,部分 倒装 第 六 课 2. condemn sb.s behaviour 谴责某 人的举动 condemn sb. to death 判某人死刑 lecture:严肃地劝导或责备 He always lecturs me about my manners. 总是训斥我的礼貌 reflects on her countrys place in history. 思考她的国家在历史上的地位 3. run out:用完;耗尽: Our suppli
24、es finally ran out. 我们的供给终于耗尽了 逐出:强使离去;驱逐: We ran him out of town. 期满:因期满或疏漏而无效: an insurance policy that had run out. 已过期的保险单 5. much less 更不用说 I can hardly walk, much less run. 我几乎走不动,更不用说跑了。 much more 更何况 “It is difficult to understand his theses, much more his lectures.“ “他写的论文很难懂,他的讲座就 更难懂了。 14
25、. figure out 算出;了解 We must figure out how to solve the problem. 我们必须想出解决这个问题的办 法。 I couldnt figure out who the lady with the sunglasses was. 我想不出那位戴墨镜的夫人是谁。 18. convict vt.(常与 of 连用)证 明有罪; He was convicted of murder. 他被判犯有谋杀罪。 25. substitute A for B 用 A代 B substitute sb. by with another 用别人接替某人 28.
26、incompatible adj.不能和谐共 存的 His plan is incompatible with my intentions. 他的计划与我的意图相抵触。 Water is incompatible with fire. 水火不相容。 第 七 课 take (full) advantage of sth. to do:充 分利用某事物去做 show interest in ( 对产生兴趣 ) provide sb. with sth.(给某人提供某 物)gain profit from (从中获得 利益 ) 5. much less 更不用说 I can hardly walk,
27、 much less run. 学习资料收集于网络,仅供参考 学习资料 我几乎走不动,更不用说跑了。 much more 更何况 “It is difficult to understand his theses, much more his lectures.“ “他写的论文很难懂,他的讲座就 更难懂了。 14. figure out 算出;了解 We must figure out how to solve the problem. 我们必须想出解决这个问题的办 法。 I couldnt figure out who the lady with the sunglasses was. 我想
28、不出那位戴墨镜的夫人是谁。 18. convict vt.(常与 of 连用)证 明 有 罪 ; He was convicted of murder. 他被判犯有谋杀罪。 25. substitute A for B 用 A 代 B substitute sb. by with another 用别人接替某人 28. incompatible adj.不能和谐共 存的 His plan is incompatible with my intentions. 他的计划与我的意图相抵触。 Water is incompatible with fire. 水火不相容。 第 八 课 3. get a
29、way 脱身,逃脱 ;离开, 走开 get off 起程 ;开火 get over 做完;痊愈,康复;克服 It took me a long time to get over my cold. 我的感冒过了很久才好。 Can we get over this difficulty? 我们能克服这个困难吗? get through 接通(电话)让人了 解;完成 Get it through to him that he must rest. 要让他了解他该休息了。 4. Birds differ from mammals. 鸟类与哺乳动物不同。 People vary in intellige
30、nce. 人的智力因人而异 distinguish 辨 别 ; ( 常 与from, between 连用)区别;区分 Can you distinguish between those two objects? 你能区分那两个物体吗? Speeches distinguishes man from the animals. 言语使人区别于动物。 5. bring about 引起 ; 致使 ; 造成; 达成 bring off 实现,完成: bring off a successful advertising campaign. 赢得了一场广告战 bring out 出版;生产;制造 to
31、bring out a new kind of soap bring to 使恢复知觉 7. take after 相似 She takes after her mother. take off 脱掉(衣服) ;(飞机)起 飞 I take my hat off to him for the way he arranged the party. 我对他安排社交聚会的方式表示佩 服。 The plane took off at three oclock. 飞机三点钟起飞了。 take down 拿下,拆开;拆散;记下 take down the Christmas tree. take from
32、 减去 ; 减损 ; 降低 11. find 找到 , 发现 , find out 发现; 揭露;查出 found a solution Please find out what time the delegation will come. 请查一查代表团什么时候来。 12. waste away 日益消瘦 , 日渐衰 弱 use up 用光,用光,耗尽: used up all our money. go off 离开 , 去世 , 消失 , 变质 wear out 消瘦 , 穿破 , 用坏 , 疲劳 14. fast 和 rapid 通常可以互换, 然而 fast 更多指运动中的人或物,
33、而 rapid 指相关的活动或运动: a fast car; 飞驰的汽车; a rapid mountain stream; 轻快的山 溪; Quick 大多指花费极少时间或反 应或动作的敏捷: Lets eat a quick snack. 让我们吃一顿快餐吧! 16. whole, all, entire, gross, total 这三个形容词所共同的中心意思是 “包括每个成分或个体” : a whole town devastated by an earthquake; 地震所破坏的整个镇子; all the class going on a field trip; 参加郊游的全体班级
34、成员; entire freedom of choice; 完全的选 择自由; gross income; 总收入; the total cost. 全部费用(partial) 总计,总额,总数 18. now that Now (that) you are grown up, you should not rely on your parents. 既然你长大了, 就不应该依靠你的 父母。 Now(that) he is well again, he can go on with his English study. 既然恢复了健康, 他就可以继续学 习英语。 33. Nothing has
35、 resulted from his efforts. 他的努力终成泡影。 Smoke arose from the chimney. 烟从烟筒冒出来。 Accidents arise from carelessness. 疏忽大意往往会引起事故的发生。 第 十 课 学习资料收集于网络,仅供参考 学习资料 21. come up 显现;出现:升到地 平线上:提升,接近 The question never came up. 从不曾发生过这个问题 came up and said hello. come up with 宣布或发现 ; 想出(计划、回答) ; 作出(反应);产生 He could
36、nt come up with an answer. He couldnt come up with an appropriate answer just at the time. 那时他想不出一个合适的答案。 25. ensure 保证 , 担保 ; 确保 , 确 保, 保证 Our precautions ensured our safety. 我们的预防措施保证了我们的安 全. We can ensure that the work shall be done in the right way. 我们可以保证把工作做好。 assure 向保证;给予信心; 使 放心 He assured
37、us that the train would be on time. 向我们保证火车将会准时到达 The news assured us. 这消息使我们放心了。 5. bring about 引起 ; 致使 ; 造成 ; 达成 bring off 实现,完成: bring off a successful advertising campaign. 赢得了一场广告战 bring up 照料,教育(小孩 to bring out a new kind of soap bring forward 呈上;提出: bring forward proof. 提交证据 7. agree on 对意见一致
38、 agree with 一致;相符合 agree with sb. 同意某人的话 适宜健康;与相宜 The liquor did not agree with me. 这酒不适合我喝。 34. in regard ofto /with regard to 关于 in terms of 以的观点;就而 in touch with 同.有联系 in line with 符合 37. bear, endure, stand, suffer, tolerate bear 更多地适用于承受的能力: I couldnt bear his lying. suffer 侧重于表示“忍受或经受令 人不愉快的、甚
39、至于痛苦的事”。 endure 强调“长时间的忍受痛苦而 不屈服”。 What cant be cured must be endured. 治不好的病就必须忍受. tolerate 和 stand 都表示“忍受令 人生厌的事” stand 常与 bear 通用,如果用词确 切,stand 总包含着 “不退让”、 “不 畏缩”的“忍受” 。 40.愉快的 ,迷人的,可爱的 a lovely meal 愉快的一餐 a lovely cool drink 沁人心脾的冷 饮 Your portable computer is a lovely job. 你的手提电脑真不错。 have a lovel
40、y time 过得很愉快 others 和 some 对比使用时 , 是 “有 些”的意思而不是做“其他”讲, Some cleaned the windows, others mopped the floor. 有的擦窗户 , 有的擦地板。 the others 是“其余的” 意思 , 表示 在一个范围内的其他全部。 This dictionary is better than the others. 这本字典比别 其余 的好。 the other 是其中的“另一个”, Give me the other one; not this one. 给我那一个 , 不是这一个。 两个中的 “另一个
41、” 是“the other ” ; 不 定 数 目 中 的 “ 另 一 个 ” 是 “another” , This glass is broken. Get me another. 这个杯子坏了, 给我另拿一个来。 (在许多杯子中的一个) One .another There to be 和 there being 的用法 There+be 是一种常见的“表示 存在”的句型。 There+be 后可接名 词或动名词。 There must be rules for the changes. 这些变化一定是有规则的。 There is no knowing what may happen. 谁
42、也不知道将要发生什么 事。 下面就there to be 和there being 的用法做一简要介绍。 .there to be 的用法 1) 用作动词的复合宾语。 Would you like there to be a picture on the wall? 你喜欢墙壁上挂一张画吗? We donwant there to bve any commrade lagging behind. 我们不希望有一个同志掉队。 I dont want there to bwe any misunderstanding between us. 我不希望我们之间有什么误会。 2) 用在 It be +
43、 adj. for.的结构中 It is impossible for there to be any more chance. 不可能在有机会了。 It was too late for there to be any buses. 时间太晚,不会有汽车了。 We waited for there to be another opportunity. 我们期待着还有下一次机会。 2. there being 的用法 1) 用作介词后的复合宾语 I never dreamed of there being a picture on the wall. 我从未想到墙壁上有幅画。 I was wr
44、ong about there being some misunderstanding between us. 认为我们之间有误解是我的错误。 学习资料收集于网络,仅供参考 学习资料 2) 作状语用的独立结构 There being nothing to do, we went home. 因为没有什么事要办,我们就回家 了。 There being nobody else at hand, I had to do it by myself. 由于身边没有别人,我只得自己干 了。 第 十 一 课 1. attach to 加于之上 No blame attaches to him for th
45、e accident. 这个事故他没有受到责备。 We should attach primary importance to the development of economy. 我们要把发展经济的工作放在第一 位。 第 十 二 课 答 案 21-40 ACDDC DAABD DBACB 41-60 CBACD DBBBD AADBD CCDCA 61-75 BDCAC CADCB CADCC 76. 今来信告知有关上月贵公司发 货给我们的ESPSON 激光打印机事 宜, 并就上互联网一事向你们请教。 77. 您也许记得 4 月 18 日我们收到 你们发来的 25 台 ESPSON 激光打
46、印 机。 78. 令人遗憾的是,其中三台打印 机不能正常工作送抵不顺,而且 打印也经常不清晰。 79. 如果你们能尽快派一名工程师 前来解决这些问题,我们将十分感 激。 80. 我们还想在今年使我部上互联 网,请你把目前所掌握的关于最新 一代调制解调器的信息寄给我好 吗? Cloze CABCD CDABC CDDBC ACDBC 写作 A Letter of Apology : 256 Weeton Road, 2nd Floor, Hong Kong 7th June, 2004 Dear David, I am very sorry that I could not meet you l
47、ast night. I hope that you did not wait too long outside the New York Theatre. I had to look after my small brother until my mother returned home. She was a long time at the doctors and she arrived home very late. I ran all the way to the bus-stop, but I had already missed the bus. I decided to get
48、on a tram and I arrived at the New York Theatre at eight oclock. I did not think that you would still be there because I was three-quarters of an hour late. I do hope that you will forgive me. Your friend, Peter A Letter of Congratulation : 55 Fifth Avenue New York 10003 October 19th, 2002 Mr. Josep
49、h R. Smith 4903 Ellis Avenue Chicago, Illinois 60607 Dear Mr. Smith, As soon as I heard of your election to the board of directors of your firm, I felt I must write you to let you know how happy I am in your advancement. All of your friends have felt that, in spite of the great difficulties you have faced in your climb up through the ranks, the outstanding ability we all recognized in you could not go unacknowledged. This advancement is certainly your due, and I think your firm should also be congratulated on taking advantage
链接地址:https://www.31doc.com/p-5511870.html