状语从句讲解和练习.pdf
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1、状语从句 状语从句修饰主句/主句的谓语。一般有九大类:表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条 件、让步、比较和方式等。 时间状语从句 1. 用 when 引导: when 表示 “ 当 时候 ” 。如: Things were different when I was a child. 我小时候情况与现在不同。 People breathe more slowly when they are asleep. 人睡觉时呼吸比较缓慢。 2. 用 while 引导: while 表示 “ 当 时候 ” 。如: We must strike while the iron is hot. 我们要趁热打铁。
2、 I went swimming while the others played tennis. 我去游泳,其余的人都打网球去了。 注意: while 所引导的时间状语从句中谓语动词必须是持续性的,不能是短暂性的。 3. 用 as引导: as表示 “ 当 时候 ”“随着 ” 。如: He dropped the glass as he stood up. 他站起来时,把杯子摔了。 We get wiser as we get old. 随着年岁的增长,我们也变得聪明些了。 4. 用 before 引导: before 表示 “ 在 之前 ” 。如: Turn off the lights be
3、fore you go to bed. 睡觉前要关灯。 Before he went to university he was a worker. 上大学之前他是工人。 5. 用 after 引导: after 表示 “ 在 之后 ” 。如: I will tell you after they leave. 他们走我再告诉你。 After you finish the letter show it to me信写完后给我看看。 6. 用 until / till引导: until / till表示 “ 直到 ” 。如: He waited until she was about to lea
4、ve. 他等着一直到她准备离开。 I watched him until he disappeared in the distance. 我瞧着他直到他在远处消失。 这类句型的主句动词通常只能是延续性动词,不能是终止性动词。但是,在否定句中,主句 动词可以是终止性动词,此时构成not ntil till句式,意为 “ 直到 才” 。如: She didn t marry until she was over fifty. 她直到五十多岁才结婚。 We d better not go until your sister arrives. 我们最好等你姐姐到了再走。 7. 用 since 引导:
5、since 表示 “ 自从 以来 ” 。如: We have known each other since we were children. 我们从小认识。 They ve moved twice since they got married. 他们结婚后已搬了两次家。 这类句子的主句通常用现在完成时。但是, 当主句表示一段时间时,可用一般现在时代替现 在完成时。如: It s a long time since we met last. 好久没见面了。 How long is it since you came in London? 你来伦敦有多久了? 地点状语从句 地点状语从句多由whe
6、re 或 wherever 引起: Winters were very long where he lived 在他住的地方冬天很长。 I m standing where the brook and the river meet 我站在小溪与大河汇合处。 He left the camera where it was 他把相机留在原来的地方。 Wherever he went,he took her with him 不管他到哪里,他都带着她。 Sleep wherever yon like 你高兴在哪里睡就在哪里睡。 You can sit anywhere you like 你爱坐哪就坐
7、哪儿。 Everywhere I go ,I find the same result 不管我到哪里我都得到同样的结果。 原因状语从句: 原因状语从句多由because , as, since,seeing(that),considering that 等连词引起: You only do it because you have to 你这样做只是因为不得不如此。 As he had been up since 4 a.m.,he was very tired由于他清晨四点就起床了,他十分疲倦。 He can t come with us sincehes ill. 由于生病他不能和我们一道去
8、。 Stay in bed longer today, seeing that you were late last night. 昨夜你睡得晚, 你今天多睡一会儿。 Considering he s only been learning English a year he speaks it very well. 考虑他学英语才一年, 他英语是讲得很好的。 Now that you have the chance you had better avail yourself of it. 既然你现在有了机会,你最好加 以利用。 目的状语从句 表示目的状语的从句可以由that(以便), so t
9、hat(以便),in order that(为了;以便), Lest(免得;唯恐),in case(以防 ), for fear that (生怕;以免)等引导。 Lucy puts on her new skirt that she can receive others praise.Lucy为了获得他人的赞美, 穿上了 她的新裙子。 Mr Black eats four bowls of rice a day so that he can keep strong. 为了保持强壮,Mr Black 每天 吃四碗饭。 I went to bed early in order that I co
10、uld get up early. 为了早起,我早早地就睡觉了。 I carried a bag of food lest there are no shops around.以防周围没有商店,我带了一包食物。 Lee takes more money in case the price of items is too high. 以防物价太高,Lee 带了很多钱。 He ran home as fast as he can for fear that it rains.他飞快地往家跑,生怕下雨。 结果状语从句 结果状语从句表示主句动作的结果,通常由sothat 或 suchthat 引导,例
11、如: a) I am so angry that I cannot speak a word. 我气的说不出话来。 b) I am such an angry man that I cannot speak a word. 我气的说不出话来。 细心的同学一定发现,sothat 和 suchthat 之间的微妙区别了吧?So后面加形容词或 副词,而such 后面要加名词或名词词组。例如: a) He is so young that he cant go to school.他还太小不能上学。 b) He is such a young boy that he cant go to school
12、. 他还太小不能上学。 除此之外, so that也可以引导结果状语从句,例如: a) I got up late this morning so that I missed the bus. 我早上起晚了,没看上公交。 有时候, so that可以省略其中的so 或 that。例如: a) I got up late this morning so I missed the bus. b) I got up late this morning that I missed the bus. 条件状语从句 常用引导词: if, unless, as/so long as 只要 , only if
13、 只要 , providing/provided that 假如 , supposing that, in case that, on condition that 。 条件状语从句的基本用法 1、用 if 引导: if 意为 “ 如果 ” 。 例句: If you cheat in the exam youll never get away with it. 考试作弊必予追究。 2、用 unless 引导: unless的意思是 “ 如果不 ”“除非 ” 。 例句: Unless you go at once you will be late. 如果你不马上走,就会迟到的。 3、用 as s
14、o long as 引导: as so long as 的意思是 “ 如果 ”“只要 ” 。 例句: I ll remember that day as long as I live. 只要我活着,我就不会忘记那个日子。 4、用 in case 引导: in case 用连词引导条件状语从句时,其意为“ 如果 ”“万一 ” 。 例句: In case I forget, please remind me about it. 万一我忘记,请提醒我一下。 5、条件状语从句的时态:当主句为将来时态或含有将来意义时,条件状语从句习惯上要用 一般现在时表示将来意义,而不能直接使用将来时态。 eg. I
15、don t know if it will rain tomorrow. But if it rains tomorrow, I ll stay at home.不知道明天是 否会下雨,但要是下雨的话,我就呆在家里。 让步状语从句 引导让步状语从句的连词主要有以下这些:though,although,while,as; even if,even though; whether.or.; no matter+ 疑问词,疑问词-ever,regardless of+名词 /名词短语 /名词从句, despite,in spite of。 though,although:“ 虽然,纵然 ” ,这两个
16、连词意思大致相同,在一般情况下可以互换使 用。 在口语 中, though 较常使用,although 比 though 正式,二者都可与yet, still 或 nevertheless 连用,但不能与but 连用。 eg. I will go to school though its too late now. Although he was exhausted, he(still) kept on working. Although/Though he is very old, (yet) he is quite strong. as(though):“ 虽然 但是 ” ,“ 纵使 ”
17、,as引导的让步状语从句必须以部分倒装的形式 出现,被倒装的部分可以是表语、状语或动词原形,though 也可用于这样的结构中。 eg. Object as/though you may, I ll go.(=Though/Although you may object, I ll go.) Fast as you write, you can t finish your paper in only one night. Lover of towns as I am, I realize that I owe a debt to my early country life. whether:
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