初中英语语法专题资料含讲义与练习题.pdf
《初中英语语法专题资料含讲义与练习题.pdf》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《初中英语语法专题资料含讲义与练习题.pdf(60页珍藏版)》请在三一文库上搜索。
1、第一讲名词和冠词 一名词: 世界上由万事万物构成的,这些事物各有名称,表示这些名称的名词叫作名词。名词的分 类: 专有名词和普通名词 专有名词 :表示具体的人名,事物,地名,机构和节日等名称的词称为专有名词。 (专有名词开头第一个字母必须大写) 表示人:Yang Liwei 杨利伟Alice 爱丽丝 表示事物:the Changjiang River 长江December 十二月 表示地名:Macao 澳门New York 纽约 表示节日 : Christmas Day 圣诞节Children s Day 儿童节 表示机构:WTO 世界贸易组织the University of London
2、伦敦大学 普通名词:指一类人,事物,物质或抽象概念的名称。 类别定义例词 普 通 名 词 可 数 名 词 个体名词用来指单个人或者事物的名词。 taxi 出租车 scientist 科学家 computer 电脑 集体名词 用来指一群人或一些事物总称的名词。army 军队police 警察 family 警察class 班级 不 可 数 名 词 物质名词用来指无法分为个体的物质,材料的名词。 water 水wind 风 glass 玻璃steel 钢铁 抽象名词用来指人或事物的品质,情感,状态或动作 等抽象概念的名词。 honesty 诚实love 热爱 silence 安静 life 生活
3、(一)名词的单复数形式:可数名词的单复数形式 1. 规则变化 构成法例 一般情况在词尾加-s shop-shops desk-desks 以 s,x,sh,ch 结尾的词,在词尾加-es bus-buses box-boxes watch-watches brush-brushes 以 ce,se,ze, (d)ge等结尾的词直接加-s face-faces house-houses pagepages 以辅音字母 +y 结尾的词, y 变成 i 再加 -es babybabies citycities factoryfactories story-stories 以辅音字母 +o 结尾的词,
4、多数在词尾加-es tomatotomatoes hero heroes potatopotatoes 以元音字母 +o 结尾的词和某些以o 结尾的外 来词,加 -s radioradios photophotos pianopianos zoo-zoos 以 f 或 fe 结尾的词, 多数变 f 或 fe 为 v,加-es, 少数不变,只在词尾加-s lifelives knifeknives wife wives roofroofs 2. 不规则变化 名词复数的特殊形式 manmen, womanwomen, policeman policemen, Englishman Englishm
5、en, footfeet, toothteeth, child children, GermanGermans 有些名词的单复数形式同形 Chinese, Japanese, deer, sheep, fish 合成名词,只将其主题词变为复数形式 girl student girl students pencil-box pencil-boxes 由 man 和 woman 构成的合成词,全部变成复数 man doctormen doctors woman teacher -women teachers 只有复数的名词 trousers, glasses, thanks, clothes, g
6、oods, compasses, stairs, people, scissors, chopsticks 不可数名词的数量表达 a piece of bread/meat; five drops of water; six bags of rice; seven pairs of shoes; eight basketball of apples; nine piece of news 课堂练习: A 组:选择最佳答案 1. Mrs. Lenny gave us _ on how to learn English well. A) some advices B) many advices C
7、) some advice D) an advice 2. If these trousers are too big, buy a small _ A) set B) one C) pair D) copy 3. A group of _ are talking about two _ A) Frenchmans; Germen B) Germans; Frenchmans C) Frenchmen; Germans D) German; Frenchmen 4. -What would you like to drink, girls? -_, please. A) two cup of
8、coffee B) two cups of coffee C) two cups of coffees D) two cup of coffees 5. My mother and my sister are both _ A) woman teachers B)women teacher C) woman teacher D) women teachers 6. We needn t buy any _. There are many in the fridge. A) fruit B) milk C) meat D) eggs 7. How many _ can you see? A) m
9、ilks B) a glass of milk C) glasses of milks D) glasses of milk 8. I think maths _ very useful. A) is B) are C) am D) be 9. The little baby has two _ already. A) tooth B) tooths C) teeth D) teeths 10. I m thirsty, please make _ for me. A) a tea B) a cup of tea C) teas D) a cup of teas B 组:用所给词的正确形式填空
10、 1. I have two _(knife). 2. They come from different _(country). 3. The _(meet) begins at 2:00 in the afternoon. 4. We have quite lots of nice _(photo). Let me show you some of them. 5. How many _(foot) does a cat have? 6. There are many _(bus) on the road. 7. Look at the picture, a lion is running
11、after a group of _(deer). 8. Here is a birthday card for you with our best _(wish). 9. Changjiang River is one of the longest _(river) in China. 10. The students in Class 1 are all _(Japan). C 组:判断对错 1. A: My glasses is broken. ( ) B: My glasses are broken. ( ) 2. A: I want to buy two pairs of shoes
12、. ( ) B: I want to buy two shoes. ( ) 3. A: I need a few ink. ( ). B: I need a little ink. ( ) 4. A: Don t eat too much meat. ( ) B: Don t eat too much meats. ( ) 5. A: May I borrow two radioes? ( ) B: May I borrow two radios? ( ) ( 二) 名词所有格:表示名词所属关系的一种形式 1. 单数名词的所有格,只需在词尾加s Jims sister Lucy s pen 2
13、. 以 s 结尾的复数名词的所有格,只加the students book Teachers Day 3. 不以 s 结尾的复数名词的所有格,应加 s Children s Day Women s Day 4. 表示几个人共有的东西,只需要在最后一个人的名词后面加 s, Lucy and Lily s bedroom 5. 表示各自所有的,则每个名词都加 s Lucy s and Lily s desks 6. 名词所有格常用省略式,省去被名词所有格修饰的名词at the doctor s 7. “of+ 名词所有格” ,通常作后置定语,这种结构通常指整体中的部分或一个 a friend of
14、 my father s the window of the room A 组:选择最佳答案 1. Tony s car is more beautiful than _. A) his brother s and sister B) his brother and sister C) his brothers and sisters D) his brother and sister s 2. -How long does it take to get to the station? -It s _ walk. A) six minute s B) six-minutes C) six mi
15、nutes D) six minutes 3. These are _ bikes. A) Jin and Sam s B) Jim s and Sam C) Jim and Sam D) Jim s and Sam s 4. Twelve _ were hurt, but no _ were lost in the accident. A) person; life B) people; lives C) peoples; lives D) persons; life 5. There s something important in _. A) paper of today B) toda
16、y newspaper s C) today newspaper D) today s newspaper 6. Miss Smith is a friend of _ A) Mary s mother s B) Mary s mother C) Mary mother s D) mother s of Mary 7. Joan is _ sister. A) Mary and Jack B) Mary s and Jack s C) Mary s and Jack D) Mary and Jack s 8. I will give you _ to finish it. A) two wee
17、k s time B) two week time C) two weeks time D) two weeks time 9. This is not your radio, but _ A) yours brother B) your brother s C) you brother s D) yours brother s 10. My school is about twenty _ walk from here? A)minute B) minutes C) minute s D) minutes 二 冠词 : 英语中名词前常会出现a,an或 the 这三个词,用来说明名词所表示的人
18、或事物,冠词是虚 词,是名词的一种标志,它不能脱离名词独立存在,不能单独作句子成分。 (一)不定冠词a; an 1. 不定冠词表示数量中的“一个”,但是数的概念没有one 强烈。修饰单数可数名词。用来指 人或物中的某一个或某一类,但不具体说明何人何物。a 用在辅音因素开头的词前, a pen, a useful book; an 用在以元音因素开头的词前,an apple, an hour, an honest boy 2. 用在某些固定的短语中:in a minute, for a walk, have a good time, have a look等 (二)定冠词的用法 1. 特指说话双
19、方都知道的人或事物。Look at the blackboard. 2. 用在表示宇宙中独一无二的事物的名词前。the sun, the moon, the earth 3. 对前面已提到过的人或事物,第二次提到时加定冠词,用以表示特指。 I found a picture in the box. The picture was very beautiful. 4. 用在序数词或形容词最高级前。They live on the tenth floor. 5. 用在某些形容词前,表示“一类人” the old, the young, the poor, the rich, the deaf, t
20、he blind 6. 用在乐器名称前play the violin play the piano 7. 在姓氏的复数形式之前,表示一家人the Smiths the Lis 8. 用在方位词前 9. 用在表示海洋,河流,山脉,群岛及国家和党派等名词前 10. 用在某些固定的词组中in the morning in the open air (三) 不用冠词的情况 1. 某些专有名词前China, Class Four, 2. 在球类运动名称和三餐饭前面,一般不用冠词have lunch, play football 3. 在季节,日期,星期,节日和学科的名称前,不用冠词in spring,
21、in June, on Monday 4. 在不可数名词(抽象名词和物质名词)前面,一般不用冠词 We have all played with snow and ice. 5. 名词前面已经作定语用的this, these, that, those, my, their, your, his, some, many 等词时,常常 不用冠词。her pocket, this handbag, some pizza 6. 一些习惯用法和固定短语中,常不用冠词in bed, after school, by bus 课堂练习: A 组:选择最佳答案 1. There s _ “ h” in the
22、 word “ house” . A) a B) / C) an D) the 2. Jack bought _ useful book. _ book is also very interesting. A) an; The B) a; The C) an; / D) a; A 3. -Can I help you, madam? -I m looking for _pair of shoes for my daughter. A) the B) an C) a D) some 4. _ elephant is much heavier than a house. A) A B) An C)
23、 The D) / 5. After watching TV , she played _ guitar for an hour. A) / B) the C) an D) a 6. -Where is Xiao Ming? -He s having _ rest over there. A) a B) an C) the D) / 7. We have three meals _ day. We have _ breakfast at 6:30 in _morning every day. A) the; the; the B) the;/; the C) a;/;the d) a; the
- 配套讲稿:
如PPT文件的首页显示word图标,表示该PPT已包含配套word讲稿。双击word图标可打开word文档。
- 特殊限制:
部分文档作品中含有的国旗、国徽等图片,仅作为作品整体效果示例展示,禁止商用。设计者仅对作品中独创性部分享有著作权。
- 关 键 词:
- 初中 英语语法 专题 资料 讲义 练习题
链接地址:https://www.31doc.com/p-5529072.html