江苏高考英语复习定语从句.doc
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1、概念定语可以由形容词、名词、代词、分词、不定式以及介词短语等来担任,也可以由一个句子来充当,充当定语功能的句子称为定语从句。定语从句“三要素”1.先行词:被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词指人的先行词指物的先行词 先行词还可以是前面整个句子所叙述的事情。He has passed the driving test, which surprises all of us. (which替代前面所叙述的事情) 先行词2.关系词:引导定语的词(1)关系词的作用替代前面的先行词(替代作用)连接主句和定语从句(连接作用)在定语从句中作句子成分(成分作用)(2)关系词的分类标准:根据关系词在从句中做的句子成分种类
2、关系代词:在从句中做 主,宾,表,定(that/which/who/whom/whose/as)关系副词:在从句中作状语(When/where/why)3.定语从句:用来做定语,修饰限定先行词的句子定语从句的分类1.限制性定语从句:对先行词起限定修饰作用。He is a teacher who works at our school.2.非限制性定语从句:对先行词起补充说明作用(先行词与定语从句之间有逗号隔开)Beijing, which is the capital of China, is a beautiful city with a long history.比较:He has two
3、 sons, who work in the same company. (He has only two sons.)He has two sons who work in the same company. (Perhaps he has two more sons)定语从句的10个难点1.关系代词的省略(限定性定语从句)(1)关系代词在定语从句中作宾语She is the girl (whom / that) I loved before. (可以省略whom/that)(2)关系代词在定语从句中作表语He is no longer the boy (that) he used to b
4、e. (可以省略that)(3)关系代词作介词宾语,介词在从句句尾时可以省略Housing price is a problem (that/which) people are interested in.比较:Housing price is a problem in which people are interested.(此时只能用which且不能省略) 2.先行词是人(that/who的区别)(1)用that的情况以疑问词who开头的句子中Who is the man that is shouting there?关系代词在从句中作表语时She is not the girl that
5、 she used to be.先行词被the very, the right, the only修饰This is the very person that we are looking for.(2)用who的情况先行词是one, ones, anybody, all, none, those 等Those who want to go to the cinema will have to wait at the gate of the school.句子中有两个定语从句,一个用了that,另外一个用whoWho is the boy that won the gold medal?在th
6、ere be 结构中There are many young men who are against him.在非限定性定语从句当中Tom, who is my best friend, has gone abroad to study.3.先行词是物(that / which的区别)(1)用which的情况在非限定性定语从句中She lost the game, which depressed her greatly.关系词置于介词之后,作宾语The pen with which you write is Jacks.先行词是that或定语从句中套定语从句,一个关系词用that,另一个用wh
7、ich.Let me show you the novel that I borrowed from the library which is newly open to us.(2)用that的情况先行词是不定代词如all, little, few, much,anything, everything, nothing, none, no one等She did all that she could to help us.先行词被all, every, no, some, little, much, the only, he very, the right,the last等所修饰时This
8、 is the very book that I want.先行词中既有人又有物时She described in her compositions the people and he places that impressed her most.先行词前有序数词或形容词最高级修饰时This is the best book that I have ever read.This is the first film that Ive seen since I came here.定语从句中套定语从句,其中一个关系词以用which, 另外一个用thatHe built a factory whic
9、h produced things that had never been seen before.当主句的主语是疑问词which,另一个用thatWho is the person that is standing at the gate?4.As引导定语从句用法(1)As 既可以引导限制性定语从句也可以用于非限定性定句中充当主语,宾语,表语等。 常用于以下句型当中:Such/so. as. 像.一样 the same . as 和.同样的A computer is so useful a machine as we can use everyday.He is not the same m
10、an as he was.(2)引导非限制性定语从句,此时译为“正如,像”等。可以放在句首,句中或句末。As I remember, there were a net bar here.Taiwan is an inseparable part of China, as is known to all.the same as.和the same that.引导定语从句的区别This is the same bike that I lost yesterday. (同一事物)This is the same bike as I lost yesterday. (同类事物)5.关系副词的运用(1)
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