电子信息与通信工程专业英语期末必考翻译.pdf
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1、精品文档 . 1.“In most cases, these signals originate as sensory data from the real world: seismic vibrations visual images, sound waves, etc. DSP isthe mathematics, the algorithms, and the techniques used to manipulate these signals after they have been converted into a digital form.“ 在大多数情况下,这 些信号来源于人对
2、真实世界的感觉,比 如地震的震动, 视觉图像, 声音波形等。 数字信号处理是一种数学工具,是一种 用来处理那些将上述信号转换成数字形 式后的信号的算法和技术。 2.Fourier s representation of functionsas a superposition of sines and cosines has become Ubiquitous for both the analytic and numerical solution of differential equations and for the analysis and treatment of communicat
3、ion signals 函数的傅里 叶表示,即将函数表示成正弦和余弦信 号的叠加,这种方法已经广泛用于微分 方程的解析法和数值法求解过程以及通 信信号的分析和处理。 3.If f (t ) is a nonperiodic signal, the summation of the periodic functions ,such as sine and cosine, does not accurately represent the signal. You could artificially extend the signal to make it periodic but it woul
4、d require additional continuity at the end points . 如果 f(t)是非周期信号, 那么用周期函数例如正弦和余弦的和, 并不能精确的表示该信号f(t)。你可以 人为的拓展这个信号使其具有周期性, 但是这要求在端点处附加连续性 4.A digital filter is a mathematical algorithm implemented in hardware, firmware, and software that operates on a digital input signal to produce a digital output
5、 signal for achieving filtering objectives. 数 字滤波器是一种数学算法,它可以用硬 件,固件和软件来实现。它作用于数字 输入信号产生数字输出信号从而达到滤 波目标。 5.The basic idea of Fourier series method is to design an FIR filter that approximates the desired frequency response of filter by calculating its impulse response. “ 用傅里叶级数设计FIR 滤波器的 基本的理念是计算出此滤
6、波器的单位冲 激响应来逼近所期望的滤波器的频率响 应。 “ 6.“If the signal has sharp transitions, it is necessary to window the input data, so that the sections converge to zero at the endpoints“ 如果信号有急剧的过渡,就有必有 对输入信号加窗,这样信号在端点处就 会收敛于零。 7.“ The concepts of signals a nd systems arise in a wide variety of fields, and the id eas
7、and techniques associated with these concepts play an i mportant role in such diverse areas of science and technolog y as communication, aeronautics and astronautics, circuit design, acoustics, seismology, biomedical enginee ring, energy generation distribution systems, chemical process control, and
8、 speech processing. “ 信号与系统的概 念出现在广阔的范围内,在科学技术的 不同领域,如通信、航空航天、电路设 计、声学、地震学、生物学、生物医学 工程、发电和输电系统、化学过程控制 和语音处理中都离不开这个概念的思想 与技术。它在科学技术中发挥了重要作 用。 8.“ Without some restrictions, when the characterization of a system r equires a complete input-out-pu t relationship, knowing the ou tput of a system to a cer
9、tai n set of input doe not allow us to determine the output of the system to other sets of inputs.“ 当系统的特性描述要 求完整的输入输出关系时,如果没有约 束条件, 即使知道了系统对某些特定输 入产生的输出时,我们也并不知道系统 对其他输入产生的输出。 9.An example of a finite-energ y signal is a signal that ta kes on the value 1 for 0 t 1 and 0 otherwise. 举一个有限 能量信号的例子:信号在
10、0t 1,而 在其他时间范围取值为0。 10.This, of course, makes sens e, since if there is a nonze ro average energy per unit ti me, then integrating or summin g this over an infinite time interval yields an infinite amount of energy. 当然这是有意义 的,因为如果单位时间内存在一个非零 的平均能量,那么在一个无限的时间间 隔范围内,对其积分或者求和就会产生 一个无限的能量总和。 精品文档 . 11.W
11、e can bring continuous-time and discrete-time systems tog ether through the concept of sampling, and we can develop some insights into the use of discrete-time systems to proc ess continuous-time signals tha t have been sampled. 我们可以在 抽样的概念下将连续时间和离散时间系 统放在一起考虑。我们可以将一些离散 时间系统的概念推广,用以处理抽样后 的连续时间系统。 12
12、.One of the most important motivations for the development of general tools for analyzi ng and designing systems is t hat systems from many different ap plications have very similar mathematical descriptions. 许多具 有不同应用的系统都有相类似的数学描 述,这是开发系统分析和设计通用工具 软件的最重要的动机之一。 13.Electronic amplifiers are often sym
13、bolized by a simple triangle shape ,where the internal components are not individually represented. 电子放大器一般都表示成三角形形 状,内部器件并不分别表示出来。 14An increasingly positive voltage on the(+)input tends to drive the output voltage more positive,and an increasingly positive voltage on the(-)input tends to drive the
14、 output voltage more negative. 增大同向输入端的电 压,会使输出电压增大;增大反向输入 端的电压,会使输出电压减小。 15.Because we know that both inputs of the op-amp have extremely high impedance,we can safely assume they wont add or subtract any current through the divider. 因为我们知 道,运算放大器的两个输入端之间有无 穷大的电阻,所以我们完全可以假设他 们没有增加或分担任何电流。 16.In othe
15、r words,we can treat R1 and R2 as being in series with each other:all of the electrons flowing through R1 must flow through R2. 换句话说,我们可以认为R1 和 R2 串联,即通过R1的电流一定会通过R2。 17.FPGAs,which do not use operating sytems,minimize reliability cincerns with true parallel execution and deterministic hardware dedi
16、cated to every task. FPGA 不使用操作系统,减少了对每 项任务并行操作和确定的硬件分配的依 赖性。 18.Digital communication protocols,for example,have specifications that can chang over time,and ASIC-based interfaces may cause maintenance and forward compatibility challenges. 例如, 数字通信协议规范可能随时改变,基于 ASIC的接口则保持稳定且兼容。 19.VHDL is an acronym
17、 for Very high speed intergrated circuit(VHSIC)Hardware Description Language which is a programming Language that describes a logic cir cuit by function,data flow behavior,and/or structure. VHDL 是 甚高速集成电路硬件描述语言的缩写, 它是一种通过函数、数据流和(或)结 构描述逻辑电路的可编程语言。 20.The data flow model makes use of concurrent state
18、ments that are executed in parallel as soon as data arrives at the input. 数据流模式 在数据到达输入端的同事就给出相同的 说明。 2. 傅里叶分析 Fourier s epresentation of functions as a superposition of sines and cosines has become ubiquitous for both the analytic and numerical solution of differential equations and for the analysi
19、s and treatment of communication signals. 函数的傅里叶表示,即将函数表 示成正弦和余弦信号的叠加,这种方 法已经广泛用于微分方程的解析法和 数值法求解过程以及通信信号的分析 和处理。 The Fourier transform s utility lies in its ability to analyze a signal in the time domain for its frequency content. The transform works by first translating a function in the time domai
20、n into a function in the frequency domain. The signal can then be analyzed for its frequency content because the Fourier coefficients of the transformed function represent the contribution of each sine and cosine function at each frequency. An inverse Fourier transform dos e just what you d expect,
21、transform data from the frequency domain into the time domain. 傅里叶变换的效用在于它能够在 时域范围内分析它的频率内容。变换 的第一步是将时域上的函数转换为时 域表示。然后就可以分析信号的频率 精品文档 . 内容了。因为变换函数的傅里叶系数 代表各个正弦和余弦函数在各自对应 频率区间的分配。傅里叶逆变换就会 按你刚才设想的那样,将频域数据转 换为时域的。 The discrete Fourier transform (DFT) estimates the Fourier transform of a function from a
22、 finite number of its sampled points. The sampled points are supposed to be typical of what the signal looks like at all other times 离散型傅里叶变换是通过他有限 的采样点来评估函数的傅里叶变换。 采样点代表了其他时间的信号。 The DFT has symmetry properties almost exactly the same as the continuous Fourier transform. In addition, the formula fo
23、r the inverse discrete Fourier transform is easily calculated using the one for the discrete Fourier transform because the two formulas are almost identical. 离散型傅里叶变换具有和连续型 傅 里 叶 变 换 几 乎 完 全 相 同 的 对 称 特 性。此外,通过离散型傅里叶变换的 公式,我们可以轻易推出离散型傅里 叶变换的公式。因为这两个公式几乎 相同。 If f (t ) is a nonperiodic signal, t h esu
24、mmation of t h eperiodic functions (such as sine and cosine)does not accurately represent the signal.You could artificially extend the signal to make it periodic but it would reqiure addition continuity at the endpoints.The window Fourier transform(W F T)i s one solution to the problem of better rep
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