中考时态总结.pdf
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1、一、一般现在时的用法 1) 经常性或习惯性的动作,常与表示频度的时间状语连用。 时间状语:every , sometimes,at , on Sunday I leave home for school at 7 every morning. He cycles to work every day. 2) 客观真理,客观存在,科学事实。 The earth moves around the sun. Shanghai lies in the east of China. Water boils at 100 centigrade degrees. 3) 表示格言或警句中。 Pride goes
2、 before a fall.骄者必败。 注意: 此用法如果出现在宾语从句中,即使主句是过去时,从句谓语也要用一般现在时。例 如: Columbus proved that the earth is round. 4) 现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性。 I dont want so much. Ann Wang writes good English but does not speak well. 比较: Now I put the sugar in the cup. I am doing my homework now. 第一句用一般现在时, 用于操作演示或指导说明的示范性动作,表示言行
3、的瞬间动作。 再如: Now watch me, I switch on the current and stand back. 第二句中的now 是进行时的标志, 表示正在进行的动作的客观状况。 知识扩展:一般现在时表将来 1)下列动词: come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return 的一般现在时表将来。这主要用来表 示在时间上已确定或安排好的事情。 The train leaves at six tomorrow morning. When does the bus star? It stars in ten minutes. 2)倒装句,表示
4、动作正在进行,如: Here comes the bus. = The bus is coming. There goes the bell. = The bell is ringing. 3)在时间或条件句中。 When Bill comes ( 不是 will come), ask him to wait for me. Ill write to you as soon as I arrive there. 4)在动词hope, take care that, make sure that等后。 I hope they have a nice time next week. Make su
5、re that the windows are closed before you leave the room. 二、一般过去时的用法 1)在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。 时间状语有:yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982 等。 Where did you go just now? I saw Tom in the street yesterday. I bought this TV set in Beijing last year. 2)表示在过去一段时间内,经常性或习惯性的动作。 When I wa
6、s a child, I often played football in the street. He always went to work by bus. He used to act like that. 3)用过去时表示现在,表示语气委婉礼貌。 (1)动词 want, hope, wonder, think, intend 等。例如: Did you want anything else? I wanted to ask you about that. Did you want to speak to me now? I wondered if you could help me.
7、(2)情态动词could, would ,例如: Could you lend me your bike? 4)用在条件句中表示与现在或将来事实不符的虚拟语气。 If I were a bird, I would fly to Beijing. If he were here now, we could turn to him for help. 注意比较下列句型: It is time for sb. to do sth“ 到 时间了;该 了” ,例如: It is time for you to go to bed.你该睡觉了。 It is time sb. did sth. “时间已迟了
8、;早该 了” ,例如: It is time you went to bed.你早该睡觉了。 would (had) rather sb. did sth.表示 “ 宁愿某人做某事” ,例如: Id rather you came tomorrow. 一般过去时表示的动作或状态都已成为过去,现已不复存在。 Christine was an invalid all her life.(含义:她已不在人间。) Christine has been an invalid all her life.(含义:她现在还活着) Mrs. Darby lived in Kentucky for seven y
9、ears. (含义:达比太太已不再住在肯塔基州。) Mrs. Darby has lived in Kentucky for seven years. ( 含义:现在还住在肯塔基州,有可能指刚 离去 ) 三、一般将来时 1) shall 用于第一人称,常被will 所代替。 will 在陈述句中用于各人称,在征求意见时常用于第二人称。 Which paragraph shall I read first ? Will you be at home at seven this evening? 2) be going to + 不定式,表示将来。 a. 主语的意图,即将做某事或打算做某事。 Wh
10、at are you going to do tomorrow? b. 计划,安排要发生的事。 The play is going to be produced next month. c. 有迹象要发生的事 Look at the dark clouds; there is going to be a storm. 3) be +不定式表将来,按计划或正式安排将发生的事。 We are to discuss the report next Saturday. 4) be about to +不定式,意为马上做某事。 He is about to leave for Beijing. 注意:
11、be about to 不能与 tomorrow, next week 等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用。 be going to / will 的用法之比较: 用于条件句时,be going to 表将来, will 表意愿。例如: If you are going to make a journey, youd better get ready for it as soon as possible. Now if you will take off your clothes, we will fit the new clothes on you in front of the mirror.
12、 be to 和 be going to 的用法之比较: be to 表示客观安排或受人指示而做某事。而 be going to 则表示主观的打算或计划。例如: I am to play football tomorrow afternoon. (客观安排 ) Im going to play football tomorrow afternoon. (主观安排 ) 四、现在进行时 1. 表示现在 ( 指说话人说话时) 正在发生的事情。例如: We are waiting for you. 2. 习惯进行:表示长期的或重复性的动作,说话时动作未必正在进行。例如: Mr. Green is wr
13、iting another novel. (说话时并未在写,只处于写作的状态。) She is learning piano under Mr. Smith. 3. 表示渐变的动词有:get, grow, become, turn, run, go, begin 等。 The leaves are turning red. Its getting warmer and warmer. 4. 与 always, constantly, forever 等词连用,表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态,往往 带有说话人的主观色彩。 You are always changing your mind.
14、知识扩展:不用进行时的动词 1) 事实状态的动词。如:have, belong, possess, cost, owe, exist, include, contain, matter, weigh, measure, continue I have two brothers. This house belongs to my sister. 2) 心理状态的动词。如:know, realize, think see, believe, suppose, imagine, agree, recognize, remember, want, need, forget, prefer, mean,
15、 understand, love, hate I need your help. He loves her very much. 3) 瞬间动词。如:accept, receive, complete, finish, give, allow, decide, refuse. I accept your advice. 4) 系动词。如: seem, remain, lie, see, hear, smell, feel, taste, get, become, turn You seem a little tired. 五、过去进行时 1)概念:表示过去某时正在进行的状态或动作。 2)过去
16、进行时的主要用法是描述一件事发生的背景;一个长动作发生的时候,另一个短动 作发生。 3) 常用的时间状语有:this morning, the whole morning, all day yesterday, from nine to ten last evening, when, while 例句: My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself. It was raining when they left the station. When I got to the top of the mountain,
17、 the sun was shining. 型例题 1) Mary _ a dress when she cut her finger. A. madeB. is makingC. was makingD. makes 答案 C. 割伤手指是已发生的事情,应用过去时。同时,when 表时间的同时性,“玛丽 在做衣服时 “提供事情发生的背景,因此用过去进行时。 2) As she _ the newspaper, Granny _ asleep. A. read; was fallingB. was reading; fell C. was reading; was fallingD. read
18、; fell 答案 B.句中的 as = when, while ,意为 “当 之时 “。描述一件事发生的背景时,用过去 进行;一个长动作发生的时候,另一个短动作发生。句意为“在她看报纸时,奶奶睡着了。 “句中的fell (fall 的过去时 ),是系动词,后跟形容词,如:fall sick 。 六.现在完成时态 1. 用法:过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果:强调结果 E.g: Yesterday I finished my homework, that s to say, I have finished my homework now. 过去已经开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态:强调继续
19、E.g.:: I have lived here since 1990. 2. 现在完成时的构成havehas+过去分词 3. 现在完成时的四个基本句型 肯定句He has finished the work. 一般疑问句Has he finished the work? 否定句He has not finished the work. 两回答Yes ,he has. No, he hasn t. 特殊疑问句What has he done? 4. 在下列情形下用现在完成时 (1)九词语 already 已经肯定句中或句尾 e.g.: I have already found my pen.
20、= I have found my pen already. yet 已经否定句和疑问句句尾 e.g.: I have not finished the work yet. Have you bought a computer yet? ever 曾经句中 e.g.: Have you ever seen pandas? never 从不句中 e.g.: I have never been to Beijing. just 刚刚句中 e.g.: I have just done my work. before 以前句尾 e.g.: I have never been there before.
21、 so far 到目前为止 e.g.: So far he has learnt 200 words. how long 多久 e.g.: How long have you lived here? how many times 多少次 e.g.: How many times has he been to Beijing? (2)两词组 havegone to 去了某地 e.g.: He has gone to Beijing (去了北京 ) havebeen to 去过某地 e.g.: He has been to Beijing. (去过北京 ) (3)两结构 for two month
22、s for +一段时间Jim has lived here for 2 months. since last year since +过去点时间Lucy has been in Beijing since 3 years ago. since 3 years ago since 1990 since he came here since +过去时态句子He has been in China since he came here. (4).如果句子里面没有时间状语,汉语意思能够加“ 已经 ” ,往往用现在完成时态。 e.g.: Have you lost your library book?
23、你已经弄丢了从图书馆借的那本书吗? (5).现在完成时态还常常用于下列句型 They have planted many trees in the last few years. 在过去的几年,他们已经种了很多树。 This is the best book I have ever read. 这是我曾经读过的最好的一本书。 It is the first time I have played the computer games. 这是我第一次玩电脑游戏。 5.在现在完成时中,一次性动词不能和一段时间状语连用 e.g.: He has bought the book for 3 years.
24、( 错) 因 buy 这个一次性动词不能和一段时间for 3 years 连用 , 改正的办法有五种: He has bought the book (去掉一段时间for 3 years) He bought the book 3 years ago (改为一般过去时,使句子的意思不变) It s 3 years since he bought the book. = 3 years has passed since he bought the book. (改为固定句型It is -since- ) He has not bought the book for 3 years.(改为否定句)
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