初中英语句型复习完全归纳.pdf
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1、初中英语句型复习完全归纳 东安县新圩中学齐承平 1. 疑问句型 a.What is this? 结构问句: Whatbe 动词 this(that)? 答句: This(that) be 动词 a book(pen) 。 说明此句型意为“这(那)是什么?这(那)是书(钢笔)” 。what(什么)叫做“疑问 词” ,用于询问“事物” ,通常放在句首,后接be ,再接 ,第一个字母w 要 大写,句尾要加问号(?),位置不可排错。 What is this? This is a chair. 这是什么?这是一张椅子。 Whats this? Its a book. 这是什么?它是一本书。 What
2、is that? That is a desk. 那是什么?那是一张书桌。 b.What are these? 结构问句: What arethesethose? 答句: TheseThose are复数名词(ses) 。 说明 与的形式要一致,is 后面接单数 ,are 后面要接复数 。 What are these? These are books. 这些是什么?这些是书。 What are those? Those are cups. 那些是什么?那些是茶杯。 What are they? They are glasses. 它们是什么?它们是玻璃杯。 c.What are you? 结
3、构问句: Whatbe 动词主词(人)? 答句:主词 be 动词 a student。 说明此句型意为“你是做什么事情的?我是学生”。疑问词what 除了询问事物之外, 还可用于询问 “人的职业或身分” 。be 随的变化而改变形态,如:I am, we are,you are,he is。 What are you? I am a student. 你是做什么事情的?我是一名学生。 What is she? She is a teacher. 她是做什么事情的?她是一名教师。 Are you a .? 结构问句: Be 动词( am,are, is)主词? 肯定简答: Yes,主词 am(ar
4、e,is) 。 否定简答: No,主词 am(are, is)not。 说明在否定 中, 和 am,is,are 可以缩写;在肯定中则不可。 Is he a student? Yes, he is. (No, he isnt.) 他是学生吗?是的,他是。(不,他不是。 ) Are you a teacher? Yes, I am. (No, I m not.) 你是教师吗?是的,我是。(不,我不是。 ) Is that a clock? Yes, it is. (No, it isn t.) 那是钟表吗?是的,它是。(不,它不是。 ) d. What is your name? 结构问句: W
5、hatis所有格 name? 答句:所有格nameis名字。 说明“ my, your,his,her”为单数人称的; 后面必接 ,即“ ” ;不可与a,an,this,that,these 或 those 紧接一起使用。 What is your name? My name is Sue. 妳叫什么名字?我的名字叫苏。 What is his name? His name is John. 他叫什么名字?他的名字叫约翰。 What is her name? Her name is Jean. 她叫什么名字?她的名字叫珍。 e. Who is that .? 结构问句: Whobe 动词 th
6、at形容词名词? 答句: That is名字。 说明 Who 是,询问人的“姓名”或“关系”;将 直接放在 前面,叫做“前位修饰”。 Who is that short boy? That is Bill. 那位矮男孩是谁?那位是比尔。 Who is that tall girl? That is Mary. 那位高女孩是谁?那位是玛丽。 Who is that fat man? He is my uncle. 那位胖男子是谁?那位是我叔叔。 Where is .? 结构问句: Wherebe 动词( am,are, is)主词? 答句:主词 be 动词 in the名词。 说明问句是“Whe
7、re .?” ,简答时可用 “ InOn the” 。 Where is Sue? She is in her room. 苏在那里?她在她的房间里。 Where are your books? On the desk. 你的书在那里?在书桌上。 Where is your mother? She is in the kitchen. 你妈吗在哪里?她在厨房里。 Are you V-ing .? 结构 Am( Are, Is)主词现在分词? 说明此句型意为“(人,物)正在吗?”。这一 转换的三要素是:be 移到句首;改为大写;句尾用问号。 Is Mary sleeping? 玛丽正在睡觉吗?
8、Are you reading a book? 你正在看书吗? Is the dog playing? 小狗正在玩耍吗? f. What are you doing? 结构问句: Whatam(are,is)主词现在分词? 答句:主词 am(are,is)现在分词。 说明“ (人)正在做什么?(人)正在” 。注意: 的动词只能用 原形,不可造 ;表示“瞬间产生” 的动作的 , 如 sit down,stand up, 不可造 。 What am I doing? You are reading a book. 我正在做什么?你正在阅读一本书。 What are the girls doing?
9、 They are singing. 姑娘们正在做什么?她们在唱歌。 What is Bill writing? He is writing a letter. 比尔在写什么?他在写一封信。 g. How old are you? 结构问句: How old be 动词主词(某人)? 答句:主词(某人)be 动词 year(s) old。 说明此句型意为 “某人几岁?某人是岁”。 该句型中, 要用how, 不可用what; 且 be (am,is,are)要和后面的 (某人 )配合;答句中的“year(s) old”可以省 略。 How old are you? I am twelve (ye
10、ars old). 你几岁?我十二岁。 How old is your sister? She is thirteen years old. 你的姊妹几岁?她十三岁。 How old is John? He is one year old. 约翰几岁?他一岁。 h.What time is it? 结构问句: What time is it ? 答句: It is数字 oclock。 说明此句型意为“现在是几点钟?现在是点钟”。问句中what 当,修饰后面 的 time;time 当时间解时,只能用单数,不可用复数。 What time is it? It is ten o clock. 现在
11、是几点钟?现在是十点钟。 What time is it? It is six o clock. 现在是几点钟?现在是六点钟。 What time is it? It is nine o clock. 现在是几点钟?现在是九点钟。 i.Do you + V .? 结构问句: DoDoes主词原形动词? 肯定简答: Yes,主词 dodoes。 否定简答: No,主词 dontdoesn t。 说明肯定句中, 如有一般 (speak, work , teach) , 则在句首加 do 或 does, 并将一般 改为原形 (不加 s或 es) ,即构成 。 Do you speak English
12、? Yes, I do. (No, I don t.) 你讲英语吗?是的,我讲英语。(不,我不讲英语。 ) Does she have a cat? Yes, she does. (No, she doesn t.) 她有一只猫吗?是的,她有一只猫。(不,她没有一只猫。 ) Do they work in office? Yes, they do. (No, they don t.) 他们在办公室里工作吗?是的,他们在办公室里工作。 (不,他们不在办公室里工作。) What time do you + V .? 结构问句: What time dodoes主词原形动词? 答句:主词(某人)一般
13、动词时间。 说明此句型意为“某人几点做某事?” do 或 does 的选择依 而定,若 为第三人称单数,用does;其它用do。 What time do you get up? I usually get up at six. 你几点起床?我通常六点起床。 What time does he go to bed? He usually goes to bed at ten.他几点就寝?他通常十点就寝。 What time does your class begin? It begins at eight-ten. 你的课几点开始?八点十分开始。 What day is today? 结构问句
14、: What day is today? 答句: ItsSundayMonday 。 说明此句型意为“今天是星期几?今天是星期日星期一。”it 可用于指“星期的名 称” ,但this 或 that 不可以;一星期七天的名称,都是,开头的首字母要大写, 前面不加 。 What day is today? It s Sunday. 今天是星期几?今天是星期日。 What day is today? It s Wednesday. 今天是星期几?今天是星期三。 What day is today? It s Saturday. 今天是星期几?今天是星期六。 How many N are there
15、. 结构问句: How many 复数名词are there inon名词? 答句: There isare单数(复数)名词inon名词。 说明此句型意为“在某处有多少?在某处有。”该句型中,many 修饰复数 ; 又因本句型是,故用are there,不可用there are。 How many seasons are there in a year? There are four seasons in a year. 一年有几个季节?一年有四季。 How many days are there in a week? There are seven days in a week. 一星期有几
16、天?一星期有七天。 How many lessons are there in this book? There are twelve lessons in this book. 这本书里有几课?这本书里有十二课。 How many . do you have? 结构问句: How many 复数名词dodoes主词 have? 答句:主词 havehas复数名词。 答句:主词 don tdoesnt have复数名词。 说明“How many ” 后面接复数 , 复数 的前面可用many, a lot of , a few, some,few,any, no 等修饰。 How many bo
17、oks do you have? I have a lot of books. (I don t have any books.) 你有几本书?我有许多书。 (我没有书。 ) How many sweaters do you have? I have three sweaters. (I don t have any sweaters.) 你有几件毛衣?我有三件毛衣。 (我没有毛衣。 ) How many friends does she have? She has a lot of friends. (She doesn t have many friends.) 她有几个朋友?她有许多朋友
18、。 (她没有许多朋友。 ) How much . do you have? 结构问句: How much 单数不可数名词dodoes主词 have? 答句:主词 havehas单数不可数名词。 答句:主词 don tdoesnt have单数不可数名词。 说明“How much ” 后面接单数 , 单数 前面可用much, a little , some,little ,any,no 等修饰。 How much tea does he have? He has a lot of tea. (He doesn t have any tea.) 他有多少茶?他有很多茶。 (他没有茶。 ) How
19、much homework do they have? They have a lot of homework. (They dont have much homework.) 他们有多少家庭作业?他们有许多家庭作业。 (他们没有许多家庭作业。) How much fruit do they have? They have a lot of fruit. (They don t have a lot of fruit.) 他们有多少水果?他们有许多水果。 (他们没有许多水果。 ) How much do(es) . cost? 结构 How much do (es)某物 cost? 说明此句型
20、意为 “某物值多少钱?” 。how much 用来询问商品的价格。还可以写作:“How much be 某物? “。 How much does this computer cost? (=How much is this computer?) 这部电脑值多少钱? How much do the vegetables cost? 这些蔬菜值多少钱? How much do the movie tickets cost? 这些电影票值多少钱? Did . V . 结构 Did主词原形动词过去时间? 说明将肯定句中的过去式改为“Did原形 ” ,并将Did 放在句首,句尾用问号, 即构成过去式的。
21、 Did he clean the room yesterday? 他昨天打扫房间吗? Did she wash the skirt yesterday? 她昨天洗这裙子吗? Did your brother play in the park this morning? 你弟弟今天上午在公园玩耍吗? Did he eat lunch yesterday? 他昨天吃午饭吗? Did you see any elephants in the zoo last week? 上星期你在动物园里看到大象了吗? Did Sue have her breakfast at eight? 苏在八点钟吃过早餐了
22、吗? When /where were you born? 结构 What date yearwas were主词 born onin? 说明此句型意为“你出生于几月几日(那一年)?”。 born 是 bear 的过去 ,在文法上当,前面常有was 或 were;中文说“某人出生”,英语应说: “某人 waswere born” 。 What year were you born in? 你出生于那一年? What date was your mother born on? 你母亲出生于几月几日? What month was your sister born in? 你妹妹出生于几月? Wh
23、at will you do on .? 结构 What will did主词 doon时间? 说明此句型意为 “某人在某时间将做什么?(未来式)某人在某时做了什么事?(过去式)” 。 指特定的日期(如几月几日)、星期几或星期几的早上(下午,晚上),要用介系词on。 What will you do on Teacher s Day? 你在教师节将做什么事? What will they do on Christmas Eve? 他们在圣诞夜将做什么事? What will Helen do on her birthday? 海伦在她生日那天将做什么事? What did John do on
24、 New Year s Day? 约翰在元旦做了什么事? What did Mary do on Youth Day? 玛丽在青年节做了什么事? How do you + V .? 结构问句: How do主词一般动词? 答句:主词一般动词情状副词。 说明 How 是问情况的 ,表示“怎样?” 。用于说明“状态或性质”的副词, 称为。当用来修饰时, 位于其后;当用来修饰时, 位于 的前面或后面。 How did you do your work? I did my work happily. 你怎样做你的工作?我很快乐地做了我的工作。 How did Mrs. Lin look at Mr.
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