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1、精品文档 精品文档 人教版七年级下各单元语法点 掌握 Units 1-2 的语法内容。 1. 情态动词can 的用法 【考题链接】 1. _ he swim? Yes, he can. A. Does B. Do C. Can D. Is 2. 用 can 或 can t 填空 1. I can play soccer, but I _ play basketball. 2. Can you play chess? Yes, I _. 3. I m sorry I _ speak English. 4. _ you bring some strawberries to me? 5. _ you
2、r father swim? No, he _. 2. 冠词 (1) 不定冠词:有a,an 两种形式,一般用在单数可数名词之前,主要用来表示某一类人或 事物中不肯定的“某一个或任何一个”的意思。 a用在以辅音音素开头的名词前,如:a bag,a university 。 an 用在以元音音素开头的名词前,如:an orange,an hour。 (2) 定冠词:定冠词只有the 一种形式,表示某个或某些特定的人或事物,可用在可数名词 前,也可用在不可数名词前。 the 在辅音音素开头的单词前,读作 ;而在元音音素开头的单词前,读作 。 【考题链接】 1. _ boy under the tre
3、e is _ good student. A. The; a B. A; the C. A; a D. The; the 2. He has _ cat. _ cat is very cute. A. a; A B. the; The C. a; The D. the; A 3. I hope we can fly to _ moon one day. A. a B. an C. the D. / 4. _ Wangs moved to a new house last week. A. A B. The C. / D. An 5. _ young should take care of _
4、old. A. A; an B. The; an C. The; the D. A; the 6. What s in your bag? _ English book is in it. A. A B. An C. The D. / 7. Which one is your daughter, Mr. White? Oh, that little girl in _ orange jacket. A. a B. an C. / D. some 8. _ elephant is _ useful animal. A. A; an B. An; a C. An; an D. A; a 精品文档
5、精品文档 9. I have _ egg and _hamburger for breakfast. A. an; the B. the; a C. the; the D. an; a 10. He wants to have _ second try. A. a B. an C. the D. / 11. _ Browns were having dinner when the telephone rang. A. A B. An C. The D. / 12. It s reported that a terrible rainstorm hit _ south of our countr
6、y. A. a B. the C. / D. an 13. Of _ two, she is _ cleverer. A. a; the B. the; the C. / ; the D. the; / 14. _ older he is, _ happier he feels. A. The; a B. An; the C. An; a D. The; the 15. He was born in _ summer of 1970. 3. 不用冠词的情况 1. What is in your _ other hand? A. a B. an C. the D. / 2. When do yo
7、u have P.E.? On _ Tuesday and Friday. A. the B. a C. an D. 3. He can t play _ football, but h e can play _ piano. A. the; the B. a; a C. /; the D. the; / 4. I like _ science best of all the subjects. A. a B. an C. the D. / 5. Do you go to school by _ bike? A. the B. / C. a D. an 6. He is ill in _ ho
8、spital. His father is in _ hospital to look after him. A. a; a B. an; an C. the; / D. /; the 4. 时间的表达法 (1) 整点的表达法: 当时间是整点时,可以用钟点数或在钟点数后加o clock 来表达。 8:00 表示为: eight/ eight o clock (2) 不整点的表达法: 钟点数 +分钟数表达法 8:25 表示为: eight twenty-five 分钟数 + to/ past+ 钟点数表达法 A. 30 分钟 (包括 30 分钟 )以内,用“分钟数+past +钟点数”表达。 7
9、:15 表示为: fifteen past seven 5: 28 表示为: twenty-eight past five B. 30 分钟以上,用“ (60分钟数) + to +下一个钟点数”表达。 7:55 表达为: five to eight 【考题链接】 写出下列时间的表达 1. 7:30 _ 或_ 2. 11:45 _ 或 _ 精品文档 精品文档 3. 9:10 _ 或_ 掌握 Units 3-4 的语法内容 一、 how 引导的特殊疑问句 【用法 1】 how 引导的特殊疑问句,可用来询问做某事的方式或方法,也可用来询问某人或某物的 状况。 how 引导 的特 殊疑 问句 询问做某
10、事 的 方式 或 方 法 询问某人或 某物的 状况 How do you get to school? 你怎样去上学? How do you spell the word? 你怎样拼写这单词? How do you like the book? 你觉得这本书怎样? How are you feeling? 你感觉怎样? How is the weather there? 那儿的天气怎样? how old 多大,提问年龄。 how many 多少,提问可数名词的量。 how much 多少,提问不可数名词的量。 多少钱;提问价格。 how long 多长时间,提问一段时间。 多长,提问物体的长度
11、。 how far 多远,提问距离。 【考题链接】 1. _ is it to the train station? About six kilometers. A. How long B. How far C. How much D. How often 2. _ do you live here? For about five months. A. How much B. How often C. How long D. How far 3. _ are the socks? Theyre 10 yuan. A. How old B. How much C. How soon D. How
12、 many 对画线部分提问 2. It takes me 15 minutes to walk to school. _ _ _ it _ you to walk to school? 3. It s three miles from my home to school. _ _ is it from your home to school? 4. I go to school by car. _ _ you go to school? 精品文档 精品文档 5. I sleep nine hours every night. _ _ _ do you sleep every night? 6.
13、 His son is 11 years old. _ _ is his son? 7. The boy will finish his homework in 2 hours. _ _ will the boy finish his homework? 8. I want two glasses of milk. _ _ milk do you want? 9. I think the book is interesting. _ do you _ the book? 10. My skirt is 20 dollars. _ _ is your skirt? 二、祈使句的用法 1. 定义
14、用来表示请求、命令、建议、号召、警告等的句子。说话的对象大多为第二人称you, 且常被省略。句末用感叹号或句号,读时用降调。 为了表示客气,常用please一词。放在句首时,其后不加逗号;放在句末时,其前通常 加逗号。 2. 构成 祈使句分为肯定祈使句和否定祈使句。 (1) 肯定祈使句的构成: Do 型,即以行为动词原形开头。 Be 型,即以动词be开头。 Be quiet please! 请安静! Let 型,即以let 开头。 Let s play basketball. 让咱们去打篮球吧 (2) 否定祈使句的构成: Do 型和 Be 型的否定式,在动词前加don t 或 never。 D
15、on t come in. 不要进来。 Never be angry. 绝不生气。 Let 型的有两种否定形式: 在 let 前加 don t 或在 let sb. 后加 not。 Don t let them cry. = Let them not cry. 不要让他们哭。 Let me not go there. = Don t let me go there. 不要让我去那儿。 No +v.-ing 形式 /名词,用于警示人们不要做某事。 3. 答语 祈使句的动作通常是将来发生的动作,所以回答祈使句时,一般用will 或 won t。 【注意】 在回答具有否定意义的祈使句时,要注意形式一
16、致和意义相反。即:yes 与 will ;no 与 won t 要一致; yes 意为“不”;no 意为“是”。 【例句】 Don t go out. It s raining hard. 不要出去了。天正下着大雨。 Yes, I will. Lily is waiting for me. 不,我要去 。莉莉在等我呢 精品文档 精品文档 4. 注意 祈使句和陈述句的连用 祈使句与陈述句连用,有两种形式: (1)祈使句 + and/ then + 陈述句,二者之间表示一种顺承关系。 【例句】 Study hard, and you can get good grades. 努力学习,你就会取得好
17、成绩。 (2)祈使句 + or +陈述句,二者之间表示一种否定条件 【考题链接】 1. Please _ the blackboard. A. look B. look at C. to look D. to look at 2. Let Lily _ piano. A. play B. to play C. to play the D. play the 1. _ late for school. A. Not be B. Not is C. Don t be D. Don t is 2. _ smoking! A. Not B. Don t C. No D. Doesn t Peter,
18、don t step on the grass. _. A. It doesn t matter B. I can t do it C. Don t worry D. Sorry, I won t do it again Hurry up, _ you will miss the early bus. A. or B. and C. so D. but 句型转换 1. You must come here early tomorrow. ( 改为祈使句 ) _ here early tomorrow! 2. Look at the picture! ( 改为否定句 ) _ _ at the p
19、icture! 3. Let her help you. ( 改为否定句 ) _ _her help you. 4. You can t be late next time. ( 改为祈使句 ) _ _ late next time. 5. You can drink and eat in the dining hall. ( 改为否定祈使句) _ drink _ eat in the dining hall. 三、情态动词 have to, must 1. have to 意为“不得不” ,强调客观需要,能用于多种时态。本身有第三人称单数形式 has to。 【考点 1】 一般现在时态中,h
20、ave to 的否定句要借助助动词don t / doesn t,再加 have to。 【例句】 You don t have to come here so early. 你不必那么早来这儿。 【考点 2】 一般现在时态中, have to 的一般疑问句要借助于助动词do/ does 放在开头, 后接 have to 【考点 3】 精品文档 精品文档 一般现在时态中,特殊疑问句是:特殊疑问词+ do/ does+主语 +have to +其他? 2. must 意为“必须;应当” ,表示义务、命令或必要。强调主观看法,没有时态变化。否 定式 mustnt表示“禁止,严禁” 。 【考点 4】
21、 以 must 开头的一般疑问句, 简略肯定回答用must, 简略否定回答用needn t 或 don t have to。needn t 相当于 don t have to,意为“不必” 。 【例句】 Must I do the dishes today? 我今天必须洗餐具吗? Yes, you must. / No, you needn t/ don t have to. 是的,必须。 / 不,你不必。 【考题链接】 It s too late. We _ go home. A. can B. have to C. may D. must 1. May I go to the cinema
22、, Mom? Certainly. But you _ be back by 11 o clock. A. can B. may C. must D. need 2. Dad, must I finish my homework today? No, you _. You may do it tomorrow. A. needn t B. mustn t C. don t D. won t 句型转换 1. He has to eat in the dining hall. ( 改为否定句 ) He _ _ to eat in the dining hall. 2. We must be on
23、time. (改为一般疑问句) _ we _ on time? 3. Bill has to listen to the music outside. ( 改为一般疑问句) _ Bill _ to listen to the music outside? 4. Must they follow the rules? ( 作否定回答 ) _, they _. 5. The students have to read books in the morning. ( 对画线部分提问) _ _ the students _ to read books? 掌握 Units 5-6 的语法内容。 1. w
24、hy 引导的特殊疑问句 疑问词 why 意为“为什么” ,用来询问原因。 why 引导的特殊疑问句的结构为:疑问词Why + 一般疑问句? why 引导的特殊疑问句,常用because引导的句子回答。 【例句】 Why do you like elephants? 你为什么喜欢大象? Because they re very interesting. 因为它们很有趣。 【注意】 because和 so不能用在同一个句子中,二者只能取其一。 【考题链接】 1. _ does she go to see the koalas? 精品文档 精品文档 Because they re smart and
25、 friendly. A. What B. Where C. How D. Why 2. _ lions are very scary, _ I don t like them. A. Because; so B. So; because C. Because; / D. /; because 【即学即练】 句型转换 1. Julie likes koalas because they re interesting. ( 对画线部分提问) _ _ Julie _ koalas? 2. Pandas are from China. (同义句转换 ) Pandas _ _ China. 3. Wh
26、y do you like cats? ( 用 cute 来回答 ) _. 4. to, why, you, want, do, see, the, bears (连词成句 ) _ 5. like, I, because, they, are, very, lovely, pandas (连词成句 ) _ 2. 形容词在句中的位置和充当的成分 【考点 1】 形容词在句中的位置 (1)形容词在句中一般用来修饰名词,常放在名词之前 。 (2)形容词也可作系动词的表语,即放在系动词之后 。 (3)当形容词作定语修饰不定代词something, anything, nothing 等时,要放在 被修饰
27、词 的后面。 【考点 2】 形容词充当的成分 (1)作定语,修饰/限定名词 /代词 (2)作表语 形容词作表语,与be 动词或其他连系动词连用,说明主语的情况。 (3)作宾语补足语 形容词作宾语补足语,用来补充说明宾语。 【考题链接】 1. I have _ to tell you. A. nothing good B. good nothing C. good thing D. thing good 2. Grace is a _girl. She doesn t like meeting new friends. A. smart B. shy C. strict D. cute 【即学即
28、练】 把下列短语翻译成英语 1. 一只小猫_ 2. 三只害羞的大熊猫_ 3. 五头友好的大象_ 4. 两头懒惰的狮子_ 5. 四只恐怖的老虎_ 6. 七只美丽的长颈鹿_ 精品文档 精品文档 7. 十只可爱的树袋熊_ 8. 八只聪明的动物_ 9. 新的事情_ 10. 困难的事情_ 3. 现在进行时态 【考点 1】 基本用法: (1)表示现在(说话瞬间)正在进行或发生的动作。 (2)表示当前一段时间的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。 【考点 2】 句式 (1) 否定句: be 后加 not; (2) 一般疑问句:be 在主语前,且首字母大写,句末加问号。 一般疑问句的简略肯定回答:Yes, 主语 +
29、be。 简略否定回答:No, 主语 +be not。 【考点 3】 现在分词的构成: (1)一般情况下,直接在动词末尾加-ing,如: play playing (2)以不发音的e 结尾的动词,先去e 再加 -ing,如: come coming (3)以重读闭音节结尾的动词,且末尾只有一个辅音字母,先双写末尾的辅音字母, 再加 -ing,如: swim swimming (4)以 ie 结尾的动词,将ie 变为 y,再加 -ing,如: lie lying 【考点 4】 常用的标志词: (1)句中有now 时,常表示动作正在进行。 (2)当句首有提示性动词look, listen 等时,说明
30、动作正在进行。 (3)根据语境或上下文来判断。 【考点 5】 现在进行时和一般现在时的区别: 概念不同感情色彩不同谓语动词形式不同 现在进行时 表示此时此刻或现阶段 正在进行的动作。 表示的动作可带有 感情色彩。 助动词 be +v-ing 形式。 一般现在时 表示经常性或习惯性 的动作或状态。 所表示的动作通常是事 实。 系动词和实义动词 【考题链接】 1. The children _ kites in the park now. A. making B. makes C. is making D. are making 。 2. Is your sister watching TV no
31、w? _. A. Yes, she is B. Yes, she does C. No, she is D. She s watching TV 3. Look! The old man _ under the big tree. A. talks B. talk C. are talking D. is talking 精品文档 精品文档 4. _? He s swimming at the pool. A. What does Tom do B. Is Tom swimming C. What is Tom doing D. Where does Tom now 5. What s Luc
32、y doing? She _ on the bed. A. lies B. lie C. is lying D. is lieing 6. He often _on Sundays. Look! He _ at the pool. A. swim; swim B. is swimming; is swimming C. swims; is swimming D. swims; swims 【即学即练】 . 写出下列动词的-ing 形式 1. read _ 2. swim _ 3. have _ 4. write _ 5. play _ 6. lie _ 7. shop _ 8. get _ 9
33、. see _ 10. run _ . 用括号内所给词的正确形式填空 1. Listen! Who _(sing) in the classroom? 2. Do you want _(buy) a dictionary? 3. Look! They _(take) photos. 4. He often _(write) to his mother on the weekend. 5. Please be quiet. My sister _(sleep). 6. The boy _(not study) English now. 7. _ the students _(read) Engl
34、ish? Yes, they are. 8. What are you doing? I _(drink) tea. 掌握 7-8 单元语法 1. How 引导的特殊疑问句询问天气 【考点 1】 How s the weather ? = What s the weather like? 的天气如何? 【例句】 How s the weather in Nanjing? 南京的天气怎样? What s the weather like in Moscow? 莫斯科的天气怎样? 【考点 2】 描述天气: It s + 描述天气的adj. / v.-ing。 【考题链接】 1. _ is the
35、weather there? It s cloudy and windy. 精品文档 精品文档 A. How B. When C. What D. Where 2. What s the weather like here? _. A. It likes rain B. It looks like rain C. It s snowy D. It s a ball 【即学即练】 句型转换 1. What s the weather like here in winter? (改为同义句) _ _ the weather here in winter? 2. It s sunny in Lond
36、on today. (改为否定句) It _ _ in London today. 3. It s snowing there. (对划线部分提问) _ the weather _ there? 4. How s the weather in Taiyuan? (补全答语 ) _ windy. 5. There s lots of rain in Shandong in summer. (改为同义句) It _ heavily in Shandong in summer. 2. 现在进行时态的特殊用法 现在进行时除了其基本用法外,还有一些特殊用法: (1)现在进行时可表示将来的动作。 某些表示
37、位置转移的动词,如 go, come, leave, start, arrive, fly 等可用现在进行时表示将 来。 (2)现在进行时可表示经常性、习惯性发生的动作。 现在进行时与always, often, never 等副词连用,可表示赞扬、厌烦等感情色彩。 (3)一些词不用于现在进行时中。 表示感觉或某种状态的动词,如 love, like, hate, see, hear, know, want, need, sound 等,通 常不用于现在进行时态中。 【考题链接】 _ you _ for Shanghai next week? A. Do; leave B. Are; leav
38、ing C. Am; leave D. Are; leave 【即学即练】 用括号中所给动词的正确形式填空 1. My sister _(come) to see me tomorrow. 2. He _ ( visit ) his grandparents this weekend. 3. Listen! Someone_(sing) in the next room. 4. Xiao Ming _ always _(help) other students. 5. His parents _(fly) to New York tomorrow morning. 3. There be 句型
39、 【考点 1】 There be 句型的构成: There areis某物人地点/(时间状语)。 它既可以表示某地方/(某时)有什么东西,也可以表达某地方/(某时)有什么人。 【考点 2】 精品文档 精品文档 谓语动词 be 单复数的确定: 在 there be句型中,there 是引导词,本身没有词意,be 是谓语动词, be 后面的名词是 主语。 be 的单复数取决于其后的主语,单数主语用is,复数主语全用are;如有并列主语时, be 随第一主语变,即“就近原则”。 【考点 3】 There be 句型的句式: (1)否定句: be后加 not。注意肯定句中的some 变为 any。 (
40、2)一般疑问句:将be 提到 there前, some变为 any。 简略肯定回答:Yes, there is/ are. 简略否定回答:No, there isn t/ arent. (3)特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+一般疑问句? 提问可数名词的量,用how many。 提问不可数名词的量,用how much。 提问主语用what/ who ,谓语动词用单数is。 【考点 4】 There be 句型与 have 的区别 (1)用法不同: there be 表示某个时间或地方“存在”某人或某物,强调空间上的存 在;而 have表示主语“拥有”某人或某物,作宾语的某人或某物属主语所有,强调所属关
41、系。 (2)结构不同: There be + sb./sth. +时间 /地点 (副词或介词短语); Sb./Sth. + have/has +sb./sth. 。 (3)若是部分与整体的关系,二者可以互换。 【考题链接】 1. There _ a book and two rulers in the pencil-box. A. is B. are C. be D. have 2. There _ many birds in the tree. A. is B. are C. be D. have 3. _ an Art Festival in your school this term?
42、No, but there is an English party. A. Are there B. Is there C. Do we have D. Does he have 【即学即练】 句型转换 1. Two baseballs are in the schoolbag. (改为同义句 ) _ _ two baseballs in the schoolbag. 2. There is a pay phone near the bank. (改为一般疑问句) _ _ a pay phone near the bank? 3. Is there a post office on Fifth
43、 Avenue? ( 作肯定回答 ) _, _ _. 4. Are there any sports clubs in your school? ( 作否定回答 ) _, _ _. 5. The Bank of China is near here. ( 对画线部分提问) _ _ the Bank of China? 6. There are some children on the playground. ( 改为否定句 ) 精品文档 精品文档 There _ _children on the playground. 7. There is a picture on the wall. (
44、对画线部分提问) _ _ _ are there on the wall? 8. There is some water in the bowl. ( 对画线部分提问) _ _ water is there in the bowl? 9. There is a table in the room. ( 对画线部分提问) _ _ in the room? 10. A week has seven days. (改为同义句 ) _ _ seven days in a week. 4. 如何问路指路 【考点 1】 问路的交际用语: (1)Excuse me. Where s ? 打扰一下。在哪里?
45、(2)Excuse me. Can you tell me the way to ? 打扰一下。你能告诉我去的路吗? (3)Excuse me. How can I get to ?打扰一下。我怎么才能到达? (4)Is therenear here? 这附近有吗? 【考点 2】 指路的交际用语: (1) Go/ Walk along this street, and turn left/ right. 沿着这条路走,然后向左/右拐。 (2) It s next to/ in front of/ across from/ near/ behind . 它在旁边/前面 /对面 /附近 /后面。 (3) It s between and . 它在和之间。 (4) You d better take . 你最好乘。 【考题链接】 1. _. Is there a hotel near here? Look! It s just over there. A. I m sorry B. Thanks a lot C. I don t know D. Excuse me 2. Wheres the post office? Walk _ this street and then turn _.You can find i
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