高考英语语法填空真题汇编(含答案)及解析.pdf
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1、高考英语语法填空真题汇编( 含答案 ) 及解析 一、高中英语语法填空 1阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1 个单词 )或括号内单词的正确形式。 A few months _(early), Stephanie Heller, had finished her workout in the gym when she _(notice)a woman in the parking lot struggling to bend down. Ms. Heller offered to help her. The woman blamed old age for her incapacity, _
2、(explain)that she was 70. But Ms. Heller was 71. “This woman felt every bit her age.“ she recalled. “I dont let age stop me. I need a good mood, really. I love singing and dancing with all the young friends I _ (make)over the years. Im only as old as I feel.“ Each of us has _actual age, the number w
3、e celebrate on birthdays. But some 50-, 60- and 70-year-olds look and feel _(youth), while others do not. Scientists measure these differences by looking at age-related things like skin elasticity, blood pressure and so on, finding some _(connect)among them. People _a healthy lifestyle and a fortuna
4、te genetic inheritance( 继承 )tend _(score) “younger“ on these assessments. When scientists ask, “How old do you feel, most of the time?“ the answer can reflect the state of peoples physical and mental health. The age given is a virtual one, _is called “subjective age“. 【 答 案 】earlier ; noticed ; expl
5、aining ; have made ; an ; youthful/young; connection/connections ;with ;to score;which 【解析】 【分析】本文是一篇说明文,有的人看起来比实际年龄小,是因为健康的生活方 式,好的遗传基因让人看起来更年轻,研究发现一个人的心态可以反应他的主观年龄。 (1)考查形容词。根据后文的had finished 过去完成时,可判断事情发生在过去之前,a few months earlier“几个月之前 ” ,可以和过去完成时连用,故填earlier。 ( 2 ) 考 查 时 态 。 根 系 句 子 可 知 此 处 是 从
6、 句 谓 语 动 词 , 此 处 考 查 固 定 句 型had done when( 从句用一般过去时)刚做完某事突然就 ,故填 noticed 。 (3)考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知此处是非谓语动词作状语,逻辑主语the woman 和 explain(解释)之间是主动关系,应用现在分词,故填explaining。 (4)考查时态。分析句子可知此处是定语从句谓语动词,根据下文的over the years(在过 去几年里 )判断该句为现在完成时,主语为I,故填 have made。 (5)考查冠词。age 的 可数名词,此处是泛指,应用不定冠词,又actual 是元音音素开 头,故填an。
7、( 6)考查形容词。此处应填形容词作为feel的表语,youth的形容词是young和 youthful ,故填 young/youthful 。 (7)考查名词。此处应填名词作为finding 的宾语, connect 的名词形式connection 为可 数名词, some 可以理解为 “ 一些 /某个 ” ,故此处可以用名词单数形式,也可用复数形式, 故填 connection/connections 。 (8)考查介词。句意:拥有健康生活方式和好的遗传基因的人倾向于在这些评价中获得 高分。分析句子可知此处应填介词,再结合句意表示“ 有” 的介词是with ,故填 with 。 (9)考
8、查非谓语动词。tend to do sth 固定短语, “ 倾向于做某事 ” ,故填 to score。 (10)考查定语从句。分析句子可知,此处是非限定性定语从句的关系词,先行词one 在 从句中充当主语,应用关系代词which 引导,故填which。 【点评】本题考点涉及形容词,时态,非谓语动词,冠词,介词,名词,定语从句以及多 个知识点的考查,是一篇健康类阅读,要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上,进一步根据上 下文的逻辑关系,并结合相关语法知识,进行分析推理,从而写出正确的单词形式。 2阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Since 1949 when the
9、 Peoples Republic of China _(establish), and especially since 1978, Chinas transformation from a traditional _(agriculture ) society to a modern industrial society has been greatly accelarated by a rapid industrial restructuring. Chinas industrial structure developed according to the objective of in
10、dustrialization, _ aimed at the proportion( 比例 )of agriculture declining ceaselessly, and the proportion of the industrial and service sector increasing continually. _(current), the industrial goods produced in China all range from capital goods to consumption goods. Chinas factory outputs extend fr
11、om textiles (纺织业 ) to railway, planes and computers. China is the largest producer of inexpensive cotton textiles in the world and exports large _(quantity) of textiles and clothes. Food processing is very important, and much farm produce is exported. Other industrial products _(include)television s
12、ets, bicycles, cars, trucks and washing machines are expanding in the world. China has become _ industrialized country to some extent. The auto and the housing industry, in the process of industrialization have developed by leaps and bounds. The most important export products are machinery and elect
13、ric equipment,_ the most important import products are raw materials. In recent years, Chinas industry_(compete) internationally, and as a result, the _(develop)of the countrys industry is increasingly influenced by international economic environments. 【答案】was established; agricultural ; which ; Cur
14、rently ; quantities ; including ; an ; while/and ;has competed has been competing ; development 【解析】 【分析】本文是一篇说明文,自1978 年以来,中国从传统农业社会向现代工业社 会的转型,在产业结构调整的快速推进下,取得了长足的进步。中国在一定程度上已经成 为一个发达的工业化国家。 (1)考查时态语态。根据Since 1949 可知应用一般过去时,且主语the Peoples Republic of China 与谓语动词establish 构成被动语态,用一般过去时的被动语态,故填was e
15、stablished。 (2)考查形容词。society 为名词,需要形容词修饰,故填agricultural 。 (3)考查定语从句。句意:中国的产业结构是按照工业化的目标发展的,其目标是农业 比重不断下降。本句为定语从句修饰先行词the objective of industrialization,且先行词在从 句中做主语,指物,故用关系代词which,填 which 。 (4)考查副词。句意:目前,中国生产的工业产品从资本品到消费品应有尽有。修饰整 个句子应用副词,故填Currently 。 (5)考查名词。large quantities of 固定短语, “ 大量 ”,故填 quan
16、tities 。 (6)考查非谓语动词。句意:包括电视机、自行车、汽车、卡车和洗衣机在内的其他工 业产品正在世界范围内扩张。本句已经存在谓语动词且句中没有连词,故include 只能做非 谓语,表示 “ 包括;包含 ” 后跟包含的内容时需用现在分词,故填including。 (7)考查冠词。句意:中国在一定程度上已经成为一个发达的工业化国家。country 为可 数名词,此处表泛指“ 一个国家 ” ,且 industrialized 为元音音素开头的单词,故应填an。 (8)考查连词。句意:最重要的出口产品是机电设备,而最重要的进口产品是原材料。 表示前后对比应用while;或表示承接关系用连
17、词and。故填 while 或 and。 (9)考查时态。根据上文In recent years 可知本句为完成时态,表示过去发生的动作持续 了一段时间持续到现在,用现在完成时,主语为单数,故填has competed ;或表示过去发 生的动作从过去一直持续到现在,不曾间断,用现在完成进行时,主语为单数,故填has been competing 。 (10)考查名词。根据上文定冠词the 可知应填名词形式,故填development 。 【点评】本题考点涉及时态语态,形容词,定语从句,副词,名词,非谓语动词,冠词, 连词等多个知识点的考查,是一篇政治经济类阅读,要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上,
18、 进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系,并结合相关语法知识,进行分析推理,从而写出正确的单 词形式。 3阅读下面材料,在空白处填入1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Since _ first fully artificial plastic was invented in 1907, humans _(find) innumerable uses for the material. It has found _(it) way into our tools, our clothes and even our bodies. In a new study in _(environment) sci
19、ence and technology, researchers estimate the average American eats more than 50,000 pieces of microplastic particles, _(small) than 5 millimeters in length every year and breathes in another 50,000. Although the health _(effect) of consuming these tiny bits of plastic are unclear, researchers stres
20、s the real volume that people are _(casual) swallowing is alarming. The largest contributor came _ drinking bottled water, in _ the bottle itself added more than 32 times more plastic to a diet _(compare) with tap water, The Guardian reports. 【答案】the;have found; its;environmental ;smaller;effects; c
21、asually;from ;which; compared 【解析】 【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章提出了人工塑料渗入到我们生活的方方面面。 在环境科学与技术的一项新研究中,研究人员估计,美国人平均每年吃掉5 万多块塑料微 粒,这些微粒的长度小于5 毫米,再吸入5 万粒塑料微粒。主要诱因是饮用瓶装水。 (1)考查冠词。句意:自从1907 年第一个完全人工塑料被发明以来。根据first 可知此处 用冠词 the。故填 the。 (2)考查时态。句意:人类已经发现了这种材料的无数用途。since 引导的时间从句要用 一般过去时,主句要用现在完成时。分析句子成分可知,主语是humans,故谓语动词为
22、 have found。故填 have found。 (3)考查代词。句意:它已经渗入我们的工具、我们的衣服甚至我们的身体。way 是名 词,此处应该用形容词性物主代词修饰名词。故填its。 (4)考查形容词。句意:在环境科学与技术的一项新研究中。此处要用形容词修饰名词 science and technology (科学与技术)。故填environmental 。 (5)考查形容词。句意:美国人平均每年吃掉5 万多块塑料微粒,这些微粒的长度小于5 毫米,再吸入5 万粒塑料微粒。根据than 可知此处要用形容词比较级。故填smaller。 (6)考查名词。句意:尽管食用这些小塑料碎片对健康的影
23、响尚不清楚。根据the health 是主语的一部分,可知此处用名词作主语,且谓语动词是are,故用可数名词复数,填 effects。 ( 7)考查副词。句意:但研究人员强调,人们随意吞下的塑料碎片的实际数量令人担 忧。此处要用副词修饰动词swallowing 。故填 casually。 (8)考查介词。句意:最大促成物来自饮用瓶装水。come from ,固定短语,“ 来自 ” 。故 填 from 。 (9)考查定语从句。句意:瓶装水在日常饮食中添加的塑料量是自来水的32 倍多。分析 句子成分可知,先行词为drinking bottled water ,指物,且作in 的宾语,故此处填whi
24、ch。 故填 which。 (10)考查非谓语动词。句意:瓶装水在日常饮食中添加的塑料量是自来水的32 倍多。 分析句子可知,the bottle itself与 compare 在逻辑上是被动关系。故填compared。 【点评】本题考点涉及冠词,时态,代词,形容词,名词,介词,副词,定语从句以及非 谓语动词的等多个知识点的考查,是一篇环保类阅读,要求考生在理解细节信息的基础 上,进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系,并结合相关语法知识,进行分析推理,从而写出正确 的单词形式。 4阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1 个单词 )或括号内单词的正确形式。 When it comes to clima
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