上海牛津英语高三一模C篇汇编(含重点词汇以及长难句解析).pdf
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1、1 【闵行区】 (C) The recession (衰退 ) of 2008-09 was remarkable in rich countries for its intensity, the following recovery for its weakness. The labour market has also broken the rules, as new research from the OECD, a think-tank of mainly rich countries, shows in its annual Employment Outlook. Young peo
2、ple always suffer in recessions Employers stop hiring them; and they often get rid of new recruits because they are easier to dismiss. But in previous episodes, such as the recessions of the 1970s, 1980s and 1990s, older workers were also kicked off. This time is different. During the financial cris
3、is in 2008 and since, they have done better than other age groups. The researchers focus on movements in “ non-employment ” as a share of the total population in three age groups between the final quarters of 2007 and 2012. This measure has the advantage of including not just unemployment, where peo
4、ple are looking for work, but also inactivity, where people are not seeking jobs. Whereas the average non-employment rate in the OECD has risen by four percentage points among young people and by one-and-a-half points among 25-to 54-year-olds, it has fallen by two points among the 55-64 age group. W
5、hy have older employees done so well? In some southern European countries they benefit from job protection not afforded to younger workers, but that did not really help them in past recessions. What has changed, says Stefano Scarpetta, head of the OECD s employment directorate, is that firms now bea
6、r the full costs of getting rid of older staff. In the past, early-retirement policies provided by governments (in the mistaken belief that these would help young people) made it cheaper to push grey-haired workers out of the door. These have largely stopped. Many will argue that older workers have
7、done better at the expense of the young. That view is wrongheaded. First, it is a fallacy that a job gained for one person is a job lost for another; there is no fixed amount of work. And second, as the report shows, young and old people are by and large not substitutes in the workplace. They do dif
8、ferent types of work in different types occupations: younger people are keen on IT films, for example, whereas older folk tend to be employed in more traditional industries. There are plenty of things that should be done to help the young jobless, but kicking older workers out of the workplace is no
9、t one of them. 63.By saying “ The labor market has also broken the rules” , the author means _. A. younger employees were protected by the government. 2 B. young employees suffered moderation in labour market. C. old employees suffered very little in the labour market. D. The recession has little im
10、pact on labour market. 64.What do you know a bout “ early-retirement policies” mentioned in the 4 paragraph? A. They proved to be little use and nearly no longer in effect. B. They have effectively helped young employees. C. They financially supported the elderly people. D. They have gain popular it
11、 in southern European countries. 65.The word “ fallacy” (in the last paragraph)probably means” _ “. A. common belief B. wrong concept. B. acceptable assumption D. wise statement 66.Which of the following might the author agree with? A. Early-retirement policies should have been well adopted by gover
12、nments. B. Young people should be encouraged into traditional industries. C. Supportive polices should be made to help elderly people when crisis occurs. D. Old people s remaining in jobs necessary threaten young people s jobs. 答案: 63. C 64. A 65. B 66. D 解析 1. 推断题: 根据文章第二段第三、四、五句But in previous epi
13、sodes, such as the recessions of the 1970s, 1980s and 1990s, older workers were also kicked off. This time is different. During the financial crisis in 2008, and since, they have done better than other age groups. 可知,但在以往 时期,比如上世纪70 年代、 80 年代和 90 年代的经济衰退中,老员工也被解雇了。这次的 3 情况有所不同。在2008 年金融危机期间以及之后,他们(老
14、员工)的表现都比其他年龄段 的人要好。由此可推知,“劳动力市场也打破了规则”指的就是老员工在劳动力市场上受的 影响很小,这和过去的情况有所不同。故C 项正确。 A 项, “年轻员工受到政府的保护”。 文章并未提及, 不符合文意。 故 A 项错误。B 项,“年轻员工在劳动力市场受到的冲击较小”。 根据文章第二段第一句Young people always suffer in recessions. 可知,年轻人总是在经济衰 退中受影响。故B 项错误。 D 项, “经济衰退对劳动力市场几乎没有影响”。根据文章第二 段第一、二句Young people always suffer in recess
15、ions. Employers stop hiring them, and they often get rid of new recruits because they are easier to dismiss. 可知,年轻人总是在经济衰退中 受苦。雇主不再雇佣他们,而且他们经常解雇新员工,因为他们更容易被解雇。由此可知, 经济衰退对劳动力市场,尤其是年轻员工影响更大。故D 项错误。故正确答案为C。 2. 细节题:根据文章第四段倒数第一、二句In the past, early-retirement policies provided by governments (in the mist
16、aken belief that these would help young people) made it cheaper to push grey-haired workers out of the door. These have largely stopped. 可知,过去,政府提供的提前 退休政策 (错误地认为这些政策会帮助年轻人)降低了把白发工人赶出公司的成本。这些基 本上已经停止。由此可知,事实证明,它们(提前退休政策)用处不大,几乎不再有效。 故正确答案为A。 3. 推断题: 根据文章最后一段第二句That view is wrongheaded. 可知,那种观点是错误的。
17、由此可推知, 下文在解释这种观点的不对之处,错误的第一点就是认为一个人找到工作就意 味着另一个人失去了工作,(实际上)不存在固定的工作量。由此可推知,fallacy 与“错误 的观念”是近义词,fallacy 意为“谬论” ,故 B 项正确。 A 项, “共同的信念” , C 项, “可 接受的假设” ,D 项, “明智的声明” ,均不符合文意。故正确答案为B。 4. 推断题:根据文章最后一段第一、二句Many will argue that older workers have done better at the expense of the young. That view is wro
18、ngheaded. 可知,许多人会说,年长的员工(在经 济衰退中) 做得更好是以牺牲年轻员工为代价的。那种观点是错误的。由此可推知,作者会 赞成的观点是:老年人继续工作并不一定会威胁到年轻人的工作。故D 项正确。 A 项, “提 前退休政策本应得到政府的广泛采纳”,B 项, “应该鼓励年轻人进入传统行业”,C 项, “当 危机发生时,应该制定扶持政策来帮助老年人”,文章并未提及,不符合文意。 故正确答案为D。 词汇积累: recession 衰退remarkable 卓越的intensity 强度、强烈recovery 恢复 think-tank智囊团Employment Outlook就业前
19、景recruits 征募dismiss 解雇 episodes 插曲whereas 然而directorate 董事会grey-haired workers 老员工 4 wrongheaded 固执的fallacy谬论substitutes 替补、替代品occupations 职业 folk 民族、人们moderation 适度、温和 长难句: 1、The recession (衰退 ) of 2008-09 was remarkable in rich countries for its intensity, the following recovery for its weakness.
20、2、The labour market has also broken the rules , as new research from the OECD, a think-tank of mainly rich countries, shows in its annual Employment Outlook. 【浦东区】 (C) One of the features of a successful business is its ability to employ creativity to constantly push into new territory. Without grow
21、th and innovation, businesses eventually fade away. Those with staying power, however, have mastered an often-overlooked factor that allows them to focus on the future clearly: empathy( 共情 ). While that may surprise many, I am certain that the ability to connect with and relate to others empathy in
22、its purest form is the force that moves businesses forward. Though the concept of empathy might go against the modern concept of a traditional workplacecompetitive, the reality is that for business leaders to experience success, they need to not just see or hear the activity around them, but also re
23、late to the people they serve. Some may think they want the results from doggedly(顽强地 ) pursuing their goals without much thought for other people. This attitude works for some, but at some point often sooner rather than latereveryone needs to rely on their relationships and established personal and
24、 professional connections. These relationships are the product of taking an honest and dedicated interest in others and their businesses. Successful people do not operate alone; each of us needs the support of others to achieve positive results that push us toward our goals. True empathy combines un
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