最新专升本英语阅读理解复习技巧讲义演示教学.pdf
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1、学习资料 精品文档 阅 读 理 解 在浙江省专升本考试中,阅读理解(Reading Comprehension) 所占比例最大, 总分值 60 分,占试卷总分的五分之二。这一部分主要测试考生通过阅读获取书 面信息的能力以及考生对篇章语境中的词汇理解和运用能力。阅读理解分为篇章 阅读理解和篇章词汇理解。 篇章阅读理解(一) 一、大纲解析 篇章阅读理解(Passage Reading) 部分采用多项选择题的形式进行考查。这 部分测试分两节: 四篇文章和一篇 7 选 5 的文章。第一部分为仔细阅读理解, 其 中每篇长度为 300 词左右。每个篇章后有5 个问题,共 20 题。考生根据对篇章 的理解,
2、从每题的四个选项中选择最佳答案。 篇章阅读的材料均选自英文原版材料,包括报刊、杂志、书籍、学术期刊等。 选材的大体特点如下: 1、题材广泛,包括人文科学、社会科学、自然科学等领域,但所涉及的背 景知识应为学生所了解或已在文章中提供。 2、体裁多样,包括记叙文、说明文、议论文等。 3、阅读篇章难度适中,整体的难度大致介于浙江省大学英语三级考试与全 国英语四级考试之间。 二、做题步骤及解题技巧 根据专升本考试的时间安排,做一篇篇章阅读的时间大致需要控制在10 到 12 分钟之内。要在这个时间内完成一篇阅读,需要合理的安排做题的时间和做 题的步骤。建议的做题步骤可以分为以下几个阶段: 1、审清题目
3、阅读一开始的时候, 首先应该读题, 可以用一到两分钟的时间, 理解题干的 意思,并且可以圈出题目中出现的关键词。圈出关键词非常重要, 这样有助于考 生能迅速的找到题目所问的相关内容,使学生了解文章结构, 让他们明白哪些是 重点,哪些是次要点。通过审题,考生可以对题目大致有个了解,这样便能在阅 学习资料 精品文档 读文章的过程中, 读到相关内容时提高注意力, 能更加着力分析其所含意义,有 利于加深印象。 2、阅读文章 在阅读文章的时候, 考生需要以较快的速度从大量材料中捕捉相关的重要信 息,这就便要求考生必须养成良好的阅读习惯。切忌不要逐字逐词阅读, 理解每 一个单词、词组或句子的意思,这样很花
4、费考试时间,没有效率。而是应该根据 中心词和重点词连贯阅读, 把握每段的中心句或中心思想, 根据题干中标出的定 位词在文章中定位关键信息,把握文章的大意。在阅读整篇文章时需注意以下 几点: (1) 注重段落首末。近几年浙江省专升本的阅读理解题目增加了对段落首末 内容的考查。 在每段首末处, 文章内容都会经常出现一些很具有代表性的观点和 总结性的概括, 这经常会成为阅读主旨和总结的考查地方。读文章时特别要注意 首段的首尾两句话, 大多数情况下, 这两句话回事全文的主旨, 会表明整篇文章 所表达意思的基调和方向。 (2) 注意转折性连接词。文中的转折性的词汇经常会成为阅读考点的标志性 词汇,这类词
5、汇是考题的解题题眼所在。例如however、but 等词汇,跟在这些 词汇后面的内容通常就是考题的答案所在。 (3) 略读例句。阅读中经常出现一些例句,只用来补充说明文章所陈述的观 点,这些句子通常是由for example、for instance 、e.g.等短语或词语来引导。对 于这些例句, 除非阅读文章涉及的题目中有所提及,否则往往可以快速过掉甚至 可以忽略不读,这样也能更加的提高阅读的速度。 (4) 忽略某些研究所表明的观点。阅读文章中,作者在给出某个观点后,有 时会在观点之后加上某些研究表明(常出现 research 、survey、study 等词汇 ),那 么同样,除非阅读文章
6、后的题目中有所提及,否则这些research 、survey、study 等所陈述的具体内容通常也可忽略不读。因为通常情况下, 这些都只是作者在表 明他的观点后面, 为了进一步论证这一观点, 使文章更具有说服力, 使他的观点 更加鲜明。然而,这些例子或者研究其本身对文章的主旨大意并没有任何影响, 因此可以忽略。 学习资料 精品文档 3、理解解题 在阅读完整篇文章之后, 考生能了解和理解其大致意义, 对文章也有了整体 把握,这么更能有助于他们解题。解题时通常可以通过之前审题圈出的关键词, 找出关键词所在原文的句子或者段落。对这句话或者段落重点理解和分析,然后 再联系考生自我对文章的整体把握,逐一
7、排除选项,最后选出最佳答案。 三、主要题型 (一)主旨大意题 主旨大意题主要是考察学生概括、综合的能力。 从整体上来说, 主旨大意题 是阅读题型中要求算高的, 因为它要求考生看完文章后, 能对文章的大概框架作 一个宏观把握,归纳文章的要点,概括文章的中心思想和分析文章的章篇结构, 从而解答后面的题目。 一般来说主旨大意题的考点都会很明显在出现在文章之中,通常的位子会是 首段的首句或者尾句, 更或者主题就存在与文章末尾段。在读文章的时候, 特别 要注意首尾两端有转折性的引导词, 引导词后面的语句大多数会是作者想表达的 观点,切忌注意。 1、主旨大意题常见设问方式 What is the main
8、 idea of the passage? What does the passage mainly discuss? What is the main topic of the passage? Which of the following can best sum up the passage? Which of the following can best express/ summarize/ convey the main idea of the passage? This passage is mainly/ primarily concerned with _ . This pa
9、ssage is mainly about _ . This passage mainly discusses/ deals with _ . The purpose/ aim of the passage is to _ . The purpose of the author in writing this passage is to _ . The passage is intended to _ . 2、主旨大意题解题技巧 学习资料 精品文档 (1)文章首尾,首段首尾成为常见命题点。对于整篇文章来说,中心句、主题句 通常就是在首尾的位子。 同样,对于段落也是如此, 段首和段末一般是该段的
10、主 旨句。对于阅读时间紧张的同学, 有的时候实在是为了节约时间,可以通过仔细 分析主题句、忽略其他部分去理解文章或者段落大意。 (2)标志性引导词。 常见的标志性引导词有but, however等转折性的连接词和表因 果的连词 because, therefore, for, as a result 等。它们所引导的句子往往会标明作者 的意图和观点,需要着重分析理解。 (3)特殊标点符号。在文章的首段或者尾段带有冒号和破折号的语句通常是作者 的想法,表明文章的内容和主体。 For example: 2010年浙江工商大学阅读理解Text 5 第 51 题: The word religion
11、is derived from the Latin noun religion, which denotes both earnest observance of ritual obligations and an inward spirit of reverence. In modern usage, religion covers a wide spectrum of meaning that reflects the enormous variety of ways the term can be interpreted. At one extreme, many committed b
12、elievers recognize only their own tradition as a religion, understanding expressions such as worship and prayer to refer exclusively to the practices of their tradition. Although many believers stop short of claiming an exclusive status for their tradition, they may nevertheless use vague or idealiz
13、ing terms in defining religion for example, true love of God, or the path of enlightenment. At the other extreme, religion may be equated with ignorance, fanaticism, or wishful thinking. By defining religion as a sacred engagement with what is taken to be a spiritual reality, it is possible to consi
14、der the importance of religion in human life without making claims about what it really is or ought to be. Religion is not an object with a single, fixed meaning, or even a zone with clear boundaries. It is an aspect of human experience that may intersect, incorporate, or transcend other aspects of
15、life and society. Such a definition avoid the drawbacks of limiting the investigation of religion to Western or biblical categories such as monotheism (belief in one god only) or to church structure, which are not universal. For example, in tribal societies, religion unlike the Christian church usua
16、lly is not a separate institution but pervades the whole 学习资料 精品文档 of public and private life. In Buddhism, gods are not as central as the idea of a Buddha. In many traditional cultures, the idea of a sacred cosmic order is the most prominent religious belief. Because of this variety, some scholars
17、prefer to use a general term such as the sacred to designate the common foundation of religious life. Religion in this understanding includes a complex of activities that cannot be reduced to any single aspect of human experience. It is a part of individual life but also of group dynamics. Religion
18、includes patterns of behavior but also patterns of language and thought. It is sometimes a highly organized institution that sets itself apart from a culture, and it is sometimes an integral part of a culture. Religious experience may be expressed in visual symbols, dance and performance, elaborate
19、philosophical systems, legendary and imaginative stories, formal ceremonies, and detailed rules of ethical conduct and law. Each of these elements assumes innumerable cultural forms. In some ways there are as many forms of religious expression as there are human cultural environments. 51.What is the
20、 passage mainly concerned about? A. Religion has a variety of interpretation. B. Religion is a reflection of ignorance. C. Religion is not only confined to the Christian categories. D. Religion includes all kinds of activities. 解析:答案 A。题目就是一个典型的主旨大意题,问及全文的主要内容,考查考 生的总结和归纳能力。 整篇文章是都是围绕 “ religion” 这个
21、单词展开说明, 介绍这 个单词的起源以及它的含义和解释。从第一段第二句和文章最后一句话可以看 出,“ religion” 的解释和表现形式有很多种, 全文其他部分都是在对此进行说明和 补充,因此答案为A。 2008年浙江工商大学阅读理解Passage 1 第 81 题: Science is guided by the vast body of scientific laws that have been established through careful experimentation over the past 300 years. Although there is no preci
22、se prescription for doing science, there is a general scheme for doing science. Science begins when a natural phenomenon is observed that raises a question for which there 学习资料 精品文档 is no known answer. Doing science involves thinking of ways to explain the natural phenomenon and answering the questi
23、on raised. The various explanations invented by a scientist involve a creative process that is based on ones own personal experiences as well as known scientific laws and theories. Thinking of the initial question to ask about the observed phenomenon, and all conceivable (能想得出来的) explanations (or hy
24、potheses) to explain the phenomenon are among the most creative moments in doing science. A hypothesis is based on ones personal life experiences, and can also embody a known scientific theory or law. The combination of a theory or law that applies to the phenomenon under study plus the scientists p
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