最新中考英语易混淆词汇辨析.pdf
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1、学习 -好资料 更多精品文档 中考词汇辨析 1a bit/ a little 这两个词都意为“一点儿”有时可以互换,但有时不能。 二者作程度副词修饰形容词、副词、动词或比较级时,意义相同, 为“一点儿”“ 有些”。 如: I am a bit / a little hungry. 我有点饿。 He walked a bit / a little slowly. 他走路有点慢。 二者都可以作名词词组,充当主语或宾语。如: A little / bit is enough for me. 我有一点儿就够了。 I know only a little / a bit about her. 我对她的情
2、况只了解一点。 。 a little 可直接修饰名词;a bit 后须加 of 才可以。如: . There is a little water in the bottle. = There is a bit of water in the bottle. 注意 a little of 后的名词通常特指,表“中的一些” ,如: May I have a little of your tea? . 否定形式not a little 作状语,相当于very/ quite, “很” , “非常”;作定语和宾语时, 相当于 much, 意为“许多”。而 not a bit 作状语时,相当于not at
3、 all, 意为“一点也不” , 作宾语时则相当于not much. Eg: He is not a little (=very) hungry. 他饿极了。 He is not a bit (=not at all) hungry. 他一点也不饿。 She ate not a little (=much). 她吃得很多。 . Not a bit 中的 not 可以分开使用;not a little 中的 not 则不能分开。Eg: He felt not a bittired. = He didn t feel a bit tired. 他觉得一点也不累。 He felt not a lit
4、tle tired. 他觉得非常累。但不能说:He didn t fell a little tired. 2a few/ few/ a little/ little . a few 和 few 修饰可数名词,a little 和 little 修饰不可数名词;a few 和 a little 表示肯定意 义, few 和 little 表示否定意义,可受only 修饰。如: Few people will agree to the plan because it s too dangerous. This text is easy to understand though there are
5、 a few new words in it. There is little water left in glass. Will you please give me some Don t worry, we have a little time left. 3above/over/on/upon . 方位介词, “在之上” . above 着重指:在上方,不一定含有垂直在上的意思。反义词为:below. The sun rose above the horizon. 太阳升到了地平线上。 The aero plane flew above the clouds.飞机在云层上飞行。 .ove
6、r 表盖在上面,或铺在上面。此时不能用above.代替。 含有垂直在上的意思。 反义词为under. Spread the tablecloth over the table.把桌布铺在桌子上。 . on 含有与表面相接触的意思。 The book is on the desk. There is an oil painting on the wall. 墙上有一幅油画。 .upon 也含有和表面相接触的意思。与on 没有多大的区别,但较正式,口语中较少用。 He laid his hand upon the boy s head. 他把手放在孩子的头上。 注 up 与以上几个不同,它表示向上
7、方或高处,含有由下而上,由低而高的意思。常和表 示运动的动词连用。作副词时,表示在上方或高处。 We run up a hill. 我们跑上山。 The plane was high up in the air. 飞机在高空中。 4accept/receive . accept “接受”,表示其行为是由主观意愿决定的。 学习 -好资料 更多精品文档 I acceptedit without question. 我毫无疑问地接受了它。 We have accepted his proposal. 我已接受了他的建议。 . receive “接到、收到、受到”表示其行为与主观意愿无关。如: I r
8、eceiveda letter from him. 我收到了他的来信。 He received the present, but he did not accept. 他收到了礼物,但没有接受下来。 He receiveda good education.他受到了良好的教育。 注 在表示接待、接见时,通常用receive, 而不用accept. 如: We often receive foreign guests. 我们经常接待外宾。 5 across/through/ over . across “横过、穿过” ,指从的一边到另一边。含义与on 有关。如: I swam across the
9、 river. 我游过这条河(指从此岸到彼岸) Let s help push the cart across the bridge. 我们帮着把车子推过桥吧。 . through “ 穿过、 通过” 指穿过两边。 是从空间较狭窄的一头穿到另一头。是从内部穿过, 含义与 in 有关。如: We walked through the forest. 我们穿过森林。 The river flows through the city from west to east. 这条河从西到东流过城市。 . over“横过、跨越”指横过道路、河流等“细长物”时,与across通用。 Over 虽可指从 表面
10、的接触及跳(飞)越,但指渡过 则不能用。从房间、原野、海洋等“平面延伸”的一端 横越到另一端时也不能使用。而常用across. She went across / overthe bridge. He jumped across / overthe stream 他跳过了小溪。 She swam across the straight of Dover. 她游过了多佛尔海峡。 They drove across the desert. 他们驶过沙漠。 另外, over 作介词还有“翻过” 的意思,如:climb the mountain 翻过那座山。 6afraid/ fear . afrai
11、d “害怕” 是形容词,只能作表语,而不能作定语,后接of 短语或不定式,构成 be afraid of sb. 和be afraid to do sth She is afraid of a snake. 她害怕蛇。 The little girl is afraidto go out at night. afraid +that clause “恐怕”,是婉转拒绝别人的一种表达方式。如: I m afraid (that) I can t go to the party. My brother is sick. 恐怕我不能去参加聚会了。我 弟弟病了。 . fear “害怕”是动词,与be
12、afraid 往往通用,但不如它常用(特别是在口语中)。如: We fear no difficulty. 我们不怕困难。 e feared to speak his mind.他不敢说出自己的想法。 Fearing that he would catch cold, I went out to see him. 因为怕他会受凉,我走去看他。 7feel like / would like .feel like 与 would like 意思很相近,但feel like 后面常跟名词;动名词。构成:feel like (doing) sth. 而 would like 一般接名词;动词不定式。
13、构成:would like (to do) sth.的句式。 如: I feel like (having) a drink. = I would like (to have) a drink. 我想喝一杯。 Do you feel like talking a walk. = Would you like to take a walk? 你要不要散步? I don t feel like eating. 我不想吃东西。 .feel like 还表示:“觉得好像,摸起来像”。如: It feels like silk. 它摸起来像绸缎。 8. after/behind“在之后” . after
14、 “在(时间)之后” ; “在(地点)之后” ,指次序。如: He came after ten o clock. 他十点以后来的。 学习 -好资料 更多精品文档 Two days after his arrival, I called on him. 在他到达两天以后,我拜访了他。 Against comes after again in this cictionary.在这本字典中 against 排在 again之 后。 . behind 表地点时意为:在后面、着重指位置的前后。偶尔也指时间,表按照一定的 时刻而迟了的意思。 The garden is behind the house.
15、 He stood behind me. The train was behind time. 火车误点了。 You are two hours behind. 你迟了两个小时。 9. ago/before . agoadv. “以前”指从此刻起,若干时间以前,通常与过去连用。如: It happened two days ago.这件事发生在两天以前。 I met him a few minutes ago.我在几分钟以前碰到他。 . before adv, prep 反之,如果用了but , 就不能用although 和 though. 如: Although he is in poor
16、health, (yet) he works hard. = He is in poor health, but he works hard. 虽然他身体不好,但他工作仍努力。 Although it was so cold, he went out without an overcoat.虽然天气很冷,他未穿外衣就出去 了。 He is quite strong, although very old. 他虽然很老了,但还是十分健壮。 . though 常用作连词, “虽然”。在口语中还用着副词,一般放在句末,意为“可是、然 而”等。如: He didn t light the fire, t
17、hough it was cold. 天气虽很冷,他却还没生火。 Though it was very late, he went on working. 虽然很晚了,他还是继续工作。 He said he would come, he didn t, though.他说他来,可是结果他没有来。 23always/ often/ often/usually/ sometimes/ never 学习 -好资料 更多精品文档 . 这几个词都是表频度的副词,从不有时 时常通常总是 即: never(0%)sometimes(20%)often/ (70%) usually(75%) always(1
18、00%) always “永远、总是” 。与进行时连用时,表“再三地、老是”等意思。有时还表“生 气或不耐烦”等盛情色彩。如: The sun always rises in the east.太阳总是从东方升起。 I alwaysget up at seven o clock. 我总是在七点钟起身。 The boy is always asking whys.这男孩老是问这问那没个完。 often “时常、常常”强调经常性。如: He often comes here to see me. 他时常到这儿来看我。 We have often been there. usually “经常”其
19、动作频率仅次于always.常常与一般过时,一般现在时连用。 I usually get up at six in the morning. never “从不” 是否定副词。常常与完成时连用。 I have never been to the Great Wall. She said she had never gone there. 24among/ between/ in the middle of . among “在之中/中间”指三者或三者以上。通常表某个范围。如: Someone is wrong among us. 我们中间有人错了。 There is a small villa
20、ge among the mountains. 大山之间有座小村庄。 . between “在之间”指在二者之间,有时与and 连用。如: There is a river betweenus. 在我们两人之间有一条河。 I m standing between a house and a big tree. 我站在一座房子和一棵大树中间。 . in the middle of “在中间”指在某事物中间,强调事物的两端的中间。如: There is a bus stop in the middle ofthe road. 在这条公路中间有个车站。 25 another/ the other/
21、other/ others/ the others . another 指不定数目中的“另一个、又一个”(三个以上)用来代替或修饰可数名词。 如: I don t think the coat is good enough. Can you show me another? . other 泛指 “另外的” 修饰复数名词。如: We study Chinese, maths, English and other subjects. . others 泛指 “另外的人或物” , 但不指其余的人或物的全部。如: Some like swimming, others like boating. .
22、the other 指两个中的 “另一个” 如: He has two sons, one is in Shanghai, the other is in Beijing. . the others 特指某一范围内的“其余全部的人或物”如: There are thirty books on the bookshelf. Five are mine, the othersare my father s. 26answer/ reply . answer “回答、答复” 。是最普通的用语,包括用口头、书面或行动回答。它可以用作 及物动词或不及物动词。如: He answeredmy questi
23、on. It is a difficult question to answer. 这是一个难以回答的问题。 Please answermy letter as soon as possible. They left a boy to answer the bell. 他们留下一个孩子应门。 .reply “回答、答复” 。 但比 answer 正式些。它指用口头或书面回答。严格地讲,是指 有针对性地详细地回答。它也指用行动回答。Reply 常用作不及物动词,回答某人或某事。 后接 to; 当它与直接引语或从句连用时,才用作及物动词。如: I didn t reply to him.我没有答复
24、他。 He replied that he might go. 他回答说他可能去。 27anyone/ any one . anyone “任何人” 其后不跟 of 短语。如: Is there anyone at home.? . any one “任何人 /物” 其后可跟of 短语。如: 学习 -好资料 更多精品文档 I ll send you any one of these pens. 注:类似的用法还有:everyone in 在表某一天或某一天的某个段 时间( morning, evening, day, night atc )名词前,用on; 在段时间名词前(星期;年;月;周 等
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