最新中考英语阅读理解解题技巧点拨(打印).pdf
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1、学习 -好资料 更多精品文档 中考英语阅读理解解题技巧点拨 一、中考英语阅读题目的考查类型和解题技巧 中考英语阅读题目主要有以下四种类型,现将每一种类型的考查要点和解题 技巧分析如下: 1.主旨题(To find out the main idea) 其目的是考查对短文中心思想或作者意图的掌握。 解题技巧为:找主题句。应先通读全文,理解大意,充分理解主题句的意 义。主题句通常出现在短文第一句或最后一句。 主旨题常见题式为: 1.Which is the best title of this passage? 2.The main idea of this passage is_ 3.The p
2、assage mainly tells us :_ 例题 1 Happiness is for everyone In fact, happiness is always around you, if you put your heart into it Happiness is not the same as money, it is a feeling of your heart Which of the following is this passage about? A.Bad luck B. Good luck C. Happiness D.Life (答案为 C) 例题 2 It
3、s so crowded in Florida! We had to wait a long time to go on the rides sometimes The paragraph mainly tells us: A. Its so crowded in Florida. B. We had to wait a long time . (答案为 A) 2. 细节题 ( To look for details) 细节题是用来进一步表达主题, 体现中心思想的, 往往针对短文某个细节来 设题。 解题技巧为:快速捕捉信息,尤其是一些事例、数字等,划出相关句子,进 行对照。 例题 1:Pete
4、r started playing for the local club when he was only 10 years old in 1948. In 1970,he was in the team that won the World Cup for Brazil again. He finally stopped playing in1977. How many years did Peter play football? _( 答案为 29 years. 抓住两个年份数字 1977-1948) 细节题 中的难点常为此类问题: Which of the following is Tr
5、ue/Not True? 这类题目要求从文中不同的地方挑出信息 对事实进行判断。选项之间没有联系。 解题技巧为: 仔细回读 相关信息。针对选项, 逐个判断正误, 1 道等于 3 道。 例题 2 It seems that everybody tells lies well, not big lies, but what we call “white lies ” .Telling white lies isnt that bad. Most of the time ,people do it because they want to protect a friendship. ( )Which
6、 of the following is not True? A. White lies are not big lies. 学习 -好资料 更多精品文档 B. In fact, everybody tells lies . C. People tell white lies to protect a friendship. D. White lies are harmful to friendship. (答案为 D. 答题时要求对每个选项进 行回读确认信息,然后判断。) 3. 推断题(To infer a conclusion) 推断题就是根据某个事实推断结论。包括:数据事实推断、 常识推
7、断以及作 者的写作目的、态度和倾向等的推断。 解题技巧为:寻找线索,悟出字里行间的意思。 常见题式 : 1)From the passage we know that_ 2)From the passage we can infer( 推断) that_ 注意:此类题目无法从原文中找到一模一样的句子。 如:The doctor gave my sister some medicine, but it did nothing to her. ( )From this sentence know_. A. my sister didnt like this medicine B. my siste
8、r took the medicine C. the medicine made my sister sick D. my sister got better now (答案为 B. 根据后半句的 but it did nothing to her 推断得出我姐姐吃了这个药。) 4.猜测词义题 ( To guess the meaning) 猜测词义题主要考查根据上下文正确判断灵活变化的词义能力。 解题技巧为:通过阅读上下文,断定该词的真正含义。 常见题式 如下: 1)The word “” in the passage probably means_. 2)What does the wor
9、d “” mean_. 3)The underlined(划线的 ) word means_ 例题 3 Besides the usual classrooms and laboatories, the boarding schools have lots of other facilities for their students, including music rooms, borts, swimming pools, cinemas and theaters. The underlined word means _. A.教师B. 设施C. 活动D. 课程 二、书面回答问题的特点和解题
10、误区 书面回答问题在设置问题时通常针对文中的5W 和 How即 who, when, where, what, why,和 how(how long, how far, how fast)。基本属于细节题,能在 原文中找到。 通常最后一个问题属于开放性题目。做这种题目时, 必须看懂有关 内容及前因后果, 因为开放性题目的答案可以有许多,只要言之有理,都能得分。 书面回答问题时, 必须指导学生了解不同问题类型的回答方式,如一般疑问句用 yes/no回答,选择疑问句不能用yes/no回答等。在书面回答时还要注意文字的书 写,意思表述的简单明了,单词的大小写、名词的单复数、动词的人称、时态、 语态等
11、。在平时教学中,经常发现学生能看懂文章,也能正确地找出原文中的 句子,但在书面回答时却出错, 这是很可惜的。 现在我来分析一下回答问题存在 的几个误区和产生的原因,期望通过分析后能帮助学生提高回答问题的得分率。 学习 -好资料 更多精品文档 回答问题解题误区1: 回答不完整 例 1. Where do the writer and his grandpa go every Saturday? 回答: The nursing home. (文中原句为: Every Saturday, Grandpa and I walk to the nursing home to ) 正确答案为: To th
12、e nursing home 例 2. Where was the exhibition held? 回答: A hall. (文中原句为 :He hired(租用) a hall.) 正确答案为: In a hall 解题技巧点拨 : Where =介词+地方 例 3. How many sheep are coming? 回答: Two hundred. (文中原句为 : There were about two hundred sheep coming towards us down the hill.) 解题技巧点拨 : 数字前的修饰词,如more than, less than, a
13、lmost, nearly, about等一定不能忘 例 4. How long has he stayed in Beijing? 回答: Ten days. (正确答案为: For ten days ) 对比: 5. How long did it take Mr. Smith to reach the ground floor one morning? 回答: For almost 10 minutes. (文中原句为 :All this took him almost 10 minutes.) 正确答案为:Almost 10 minutes. 解题技巧点拨 : How long 应用
14、“for+ 一段时间” 来回答,但在 “it takes sb. some time to do sth.” 这个句型中是没有 ”for ”的。 回答问题解题误区2:时态错误 例 1. What did you think of the holiday? 回答: It s terrible. 正确答案为: It was terrible. 例 2What do you think of Tom?(故事发生在过去 ) 回答: He is kind. 正确答案为: He was kind. 解题技巧点拨 : 回答问题时看清楚问题的时态是很重要的。 回答问题解题误区3:句法(人称)错误 例 1. W
15、hat did Robert and John want James to do? (文中原句为 : “ What you have to do is to give us the car keys.” Robert and Adam said to James.) 回答: They wanted to give us the car keys. 正确回答: They wanted James/him to give them the car keys. 解题技巧点拨 : : 人称转换 是回答问题中容易忽视的环节。 六、提高阅读能力的其他必备条件 阅读能力的提高不是一朝一夕的事,除了掌握一定的
16、阅读技巧之外, 词汇量 起着决定性的作用。因此,我们要不断扩大词汇量,学会利用词缀来猜测词义。 另外,我们还要扩大知识面, 增加背景知识。 背景知识材料多样, 包括天文地理、 风土人情、政治历史、人物传略、科学技术等等。一旦对文章有了背景知识,就 会提高我们对文章的理解能力。 学习 -好资料 更多精品文档 词汇题解题技巧 词汇题一般会明确地告诉考生出题点在哪里,不需要考生查找所考查内容。 它可以考一个单词的含义,一个词组的意思,或者考一个句子的弦外之音。 词汇题常见提问方式如下: The word “accentuate ” (Line 4, Para.3) most probably mea
17、ns _. What is the meaning of ? The word “colonies” (Line 2, Para.4) refers to _. The statement “The business of America is business” probably means “_”. The phrase “puts it down to” (Line 1, Para3) is closest in meaning to “_”. By “white elephant” the author refers to _. 实例讲解: 原文: This is the Shadow
18、land of hope, and anyone with a dream must learn to live there. 题目: A) the wonderland one often dreams about B) the bright future that one is looking forward to C) the state of uncertainty before ones final goal is reached D) a world that exists only in ones imagination 此题可以利用并列关系来求解。首先,and 后面的句子告诉我
19、们 “ 任何有梦 想的人必须要学会在那里生活” ,这暗含了 “ 那里 ” 不好的环境。再从and 可知, 两个分句的逻辑是一致的, 据此 Shadowland也应该是不利的环境, 故选择 C 项。 考句子含义的,如果句子简单,一般在上下文中寻找答案;如果句子复杂, 则更加倾向于在句子内部找答案。 下面介绍一些常用的根据上下文猜测词义的技巧。 第一,针对性解释。 针对性解释是作者为了更好的表达思想,在文章中对一些重要的概念、 难懂 的术语或词汇等所作的解释。 对术语下定义的句子往往出现在段首, 也是主题句。 有时整个段落、 甚至整篇文章都围绕这一定义展开。这些解释提供的信息具有明 确的针对性,因
20、而,借助作者的定义或释义推断词义是最直接的办法。这 1根据定义猜测词义 如果生词是句子或段落所解释的定义,理解句子或段落本身就是推断词义。 例如:Anthropology is the scientific study of man. 由定义可知, anthropology就是 “研究人类的科学”。 2.根据复述猜测词义 1) 同位语 Semantics, the study of the meaning of words, is necessary if you are to speak and read intelligently. 此例逗号中短语意为“对词意义进行研究的学科”。该短语与前
21、面生词 semantics是同位关系,因此我们不难猜出semantics指“语义学”。 2) 定语从句 Krabacber suffers from SAD, which is short for seasonal affective disorder, a syndrome characterized by severe seasonal mood swings. 根据生词 SAD 后面定语从句 which is short for seasonal affective disorder 和同 学习 -好资料 更多精品文档 位语 syndrome characterized by sever
22、e seasonal mood swings, 我们可以推断出 SAD 含义,即“季节性情绪紊乱症”。 3. 根据举例猜测词义 例如: There is little furniture in the room. For example, there is no TV set, no fridge, no electric fan. There is even no desk in it. There is only a bed and a chair and piles of books on the floor. 可通过下文的列举,猜出furniture 是“家具”。 第二,内在逻辑关系。
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