2019版高三英语一轮复习第2部分语法专题突破专题6非谓语动词教师用书北师大版.docx.pdf
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1、专题六非谓语动词 全国卷考情分析 题型分类典题试做命题解读 语法填空 1. (2017 ?全国卷I )Fast food is full of fat and salt; by eating(eat ) more fast food people wi 11 get more salt and fat than they need in their diet. 2.(2017 ?全国卷III )But unlike her school friends, 16-year-old Sarah is not spending half ? term resting(rest ). 3.(2016
2、?全国卷III ) Skilled workers al so combine various hardwoods and metal to create (create ) special designs. 1?考查非谓语动词的 句法功能(状语、定 语、宾语、补语、主 语和表语等) ; 2.考查固定搭配中的 非谓语动词。 短文改错 1. (2017 ?全国卷I ) The instructor kept repeating the words, aSpeed up! “ “Slowdown!“ “Turning Turn left! ” 2.(2017 ?全国卷II ) When summe
3、r comes, they will A invite their students to pick the fresh vegetables! 3.(2016 ?全国卷II ) We can choose between staying at home and take-taking a trip? 1?谓语动词与非谓语 动词的错用; 2.过去分词与现在分 词的错用 ; 3.不定式符号to的 多余或缺失; 4.to是介词还是不定 式符号的误判。 精剖析 ?语法突破I 题组微练分点精讲 (对应学生用书第202 页) 非谓语动词的形式及意义 先试做题组 单句语法填空 1. (2015 ?天津高考
4、)Having worked (work) for two days, Steve managed to finish his report on schedule. 2? Henry cant attend the party being held (hoi d ) at Tom ,s house at present because he is prepar ing the speech at the party to be held (ho 1 d ) at Marie , s house tomorrow. 3?(重庆高考)The engine just won t start. So
5、mething seems to have gone (go) wrong with it. 再解读要点 非谓语动词主动语态被动语态 意义 不定式一般式to do to be done 表示的动作与句中谓语动词的动 作同时发生或在其后发生 不定式 进行式 to be doing 表示的动作与句中谓语动词的动 作同吋发生 完成式 to have done to have been done 表示的动作发生在句中谓语动词 的动作之前 现在分词 / 动名词 一般式doing being done 表示的动作与句屮谓语动词的动 作同时发生,或基本上同时发生 现在分词 / 动名词 完成式 having
6、done having been done 表示的动作先于句中谓语动词的 动作发生 过去分词一般式done 与句中主语为逻辑上的被动关 系,表完成 (2017 ?江苏高考)Many Chinese brands, having developed their reputations over centuries, are facing new challenges from the modern market. 很多中国品牌历经儿个世纪树立了 声誉,它们正面临着当代市场带來的新挑战。 (匕京高考)There are still many problems to be solved before
7、 we are ready for a long stay on the Moon.在我们准备在月球上长住之前,还有很多问题仍需要解决。 I考点2| 非谓语动词作状语 先试做题组 I . 单句语法填空 1?( 2017 ?匕京高考)Many airl ines now al low passengers to print their boarding passes online to save(save) their valuable time. 2.(2017 ? 天津高考)The hospital has rece ntly obtained new medical equipme nt,
8、 allowing (allow ) more patients to be treated? II. 单句改错 (2017 ?北京高考)The national park has a large collection of wildlife, ranged from but terflies to elephants, rangedfrangi ng 再解读要点 1.不定式作状语 (1)作目的状语,可用so as to/ in order to替换,但so as to 一般不可置于句首,意为“为 了;想要”。 (2016 ? d 匕京高考)To make it easier to get i
9、n touch with us, you d bet ter keep this card at hand. 为了便于联系我们,你最好将这张卡片放在身边。 (2)作结果状语,常表示出乎意料的结果,常用于下列结构屮:only to do; enough to do(足 够做 . );too. to do.(太 而不能 );so/such. as to.(如此 . 以至于 ) 等。 (四川高考)Tom took a taxi to the airport, only to find his plane high up in the sky. 汤姆乘 出租车去了机场,结果发现他要乘坐的飞机己飞入高空
10、。 (3)作原因状语,常用在“主语+系动词 +形容词 + to do ”结构中。这类形容词有:easy, difficult,hard,cheap,expensive,fit,comfortable,heavy,good,important, impossible, dangerous, surprised, astonished, delighted, disappointed 等。 (辽宁高考)We were asto nished to find the temple sti 11 in its orig inal con di ti on. 令我 们吃惊的是,这座寺庙仍保持着最初的样子
11、。 易错警示 语法填空和短文改错中常考查“主语+ be +形容词 +不定式”结构,句子的主语和不定式构成逻辑上 的动宾关系,且此时不定式通常用主动形式表示被动意义。另外盅注意的是在该结构中,不定式中的 动词必须是及物动词;若为不及物动词,则要在其后加上适当的介词,使之构成及物动词短语。 2.分词作状语 非谓语动词作状语时,其逻辑主语通常就是句子的主语。现在分词作状语时,现在分词所表示的动作 与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的主动关系。过去分词作状语时,过去分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间 构成逻辑上的被动关系。 (2016 ?匕京高考)Ordered over a week ago, the books
12、 are expected to arrive any time now.这 些书是一个多星期以前订购的,现在有望随时到货。 (2015 ?重庆高考)Like ancient sailors, birds can find their way using the sun and the stars. 像古代的船员一样,鸟类可以利用太阳和星星找到它们的路。 名师点津 部分过去分词作状语吋不表示被动,也不表示完成, 而表示 - ?种状态。 常见的有:located (坐 落于), lost (迷路的),seated (坐着的) ,hidden (躲着的),lost/absorbed/buried
13、in (沉 溺于),dressed in(穿着),tired of(厌烦的) ,faced with(面对着)。 (2015 ?天津高考)Absorbed in painting, John didn , t notice evening approaching. rti于专心绘画,约翰没有注意到夜幕正在降临。 3.独立成分作状语 有些分词或不定式短语作状语,英形式的选择不受上下文的彫响,称作独立成分。常考的有: generally/frankly/roughly/strietly speaking , talking of , speaking of , judging from/by, t
14、aking everything into consideration, compared to/with, to be frank, to tell(you)the truth, to be honest, to make things worse 等。 Judging from his accent, he is from Hong Kong. 从口音判断,他是香港人。 To tell you the truth, I am a littie tired. 说实话,我有点累。 4.独立主格结构 非谓语动词作状语时,它的逻辑主语应和句子主语保持一致。但有时非谓语动词带有自己的逻辑主 语,在句
15、子屮作状语,我们称Z为独立主格结构。独立主格结构的特点:独立主格结构的逻辑主语 与句子的主语不同,它独立存在。独立主格结构屮作逻辑主语的名词或代词与后面的分词或不定式 是逻辑上的主动或被动关系。独立主格结构一般有逗号与句子分开。 独立主格结构的构成:名词/ 代词+分词;名词 / 代词+不定式;?with/without +名词 / 代词+分词/ 不定式。 The test finished(=Whcn the test was finished), we began our hoi iday. 考试结束后,我们就开始放假了。 烤点3非谓语动词作定语 先试做题组 单句语法填空 1 . (2017
16、 ?北京 高考 )Jim has retired , but he sti 11 remembers the happy time spent (spend)with his students. 2 . (2017 ?山东重点屮学一联 )The name “cheongsam“ meaning (mean) simpl y a long dress“ entered the English vocabulary from the dialect of Chin1 s Guangdong Province. 3. (2017 ?天津髙考 )1 was watching the clock all
17、 through the meeting, as I had a train to catch (catch). 再解读要点 1.不定式作定语 (1)不定式作定语通常放在所修饰词之后,表示将来的动作。不定式与其所修饰的词之间往往是动宾 关系,若该不定式是不及物动词,其后应有必要的介词。 Suddenly a good idea occurred to her, but she couldnt find any paper to write on. 突然她想到 了一个好主意,但是她找不到纸把它写下来。 (2)序数词,形容词最高级,the last, the only等后或被这些词修饰的名词/ 代
18、词后,常用不定式作 定语。 He i s al ways the first to arrive at the school and the last to leave the school. 他总是第一 个到校,最后一个离校。 (3)被修饰词是抽象名词吋,常用不定式作定语。常见名词:sb订ity, chance, idea, hope, wish, fact, excuse, promise, attempt, way 等。 ( 辽宁高考 )And the best way to strengthen willpower is to make it into a habit. 增强意志力最好
19、 的方法就是让意志力成为一种习惯。 ( 湖南高考 )The ability to express an idea is as important as the idea itself. 表达观点的能力 与观点本身同等重要。 (4)当句子的主语是不定式的逻辑主语吋,作定语的不定式使用主动式;当句子的主语不是不定式的 逻辑主语且不定式与所修饰的名词或代词之I、可是被动关系吋,不定式使用被动式。Have you got anything to buy? 你有什么东西要买吗?(you是buy的执行者 ) I want to go to Beijing. Do you have anything to
20、be bought?我要去北京。你有什么东西要买吗? (you不是buy的执行者 ) 2.分词作定语 (1)作定语的及物动词的分词形式有:现在分词、“being +过去分词”、过去分词。当被修饰的名 词与分词之 | 、可为主动关系时,用现在分词;当被修饰的名词与分词之间为被动关系且表示正在进 行时,用%eing+a去分词”;当被修饰的名词与分词之间为被动关系且表完成时,用过去分词。 (2)作定语的不及物动词的分词形式为:现在分词和过去分词。现在分词表示动作正在进行; 过去分 词只表示动作已完成,不表被动。 (2016 ?浙江高考 )To return to the problem of wat
21、er pollution, Id like you to look at a study conducted in Australia in 2012. 为了再讨论一下水污染的问题,我想让大家看一项2012年在澳大利亚进行的研究。 ( 北京高考 )Last ni ght, there were mill ions of people wat ching the ope ning cerem ony 1 i ve on TV. 昨天晚上,有几百万人观看了开幕式的电视直播。 名师点津 非谓语动词作泄语的解题思路 表示被动、完成用过去分词(done) ;表示主动、进行用现在分词(doing) ;表示
22、被动、进行用being done;表示主动、尚未进行用to do ;表示被动的动作尚未进行用to be donee 试比较: The bridge built recently was designed by a 1ocal company. Today there are more airp la nes carrying more peopl e tha n ever before in the skies. The bridge being built now was designed by a local company. The question to be discussed at
23、 tomorrows meeting is very important. 非谓语动词作宾语 先试做题组 I . 单句语法填空 1.(2017 ?山西名校联考)Life isn ,t a match. It* s a journey. If you spend that journey always trying(try) to impress others, youre wasting your life. 2.Nervous and anxious, Jill failed to make(make) a good impression at the job interview. II.
24、单句改错 (2016 ?浙江高考)He would ask who we were and pretend not to knowing us. knowin g know 【导学号:33220112 再解读要点 1.只接不定式作宾语的动词:agree, intend, plan, demand, promise, prepare, decide, refuse, choose, wish, hope, expect, fail (未能),pretend, manage, determine, beg, arrange, I考点4| threaten, claim, hesitate, wai
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