2019版高考英语一轮复习第二部分重点语法突破专题二无提示词填空第三讲情态动词和虚拟.doc.pdf
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1、第三讲情态动词和虚拟语气 真题体验聚焦高考 ? Part I真题变式体验 1.2017 ?天津高考My room is a mess, but I clean it before I go out tonight. I can do it in the morning. 答案:n eedn ,t neednt “不需要”。句意:我的房间很乱,但今晩出去之前我不需要打扫。 我可以在早晨打扫。 2.2017 ?北京高考Samuel, the tallest boy in our class, _ easily reach the books on the top shelf. 答案:can can
2、 “能够”,表示一种能力。句意:塞缪尔在我们班上个子最高,能轻易地够到书 架顶上的书本。 3.2017 ?天津高考 Do you have Betty ,s phone number? 一Yes. Otherwise, 1 (be) able to reach her yesterday. 答案:wouldn ,t have been 此处otherwise表示“否则,要不然” , 又由yesterday 町知,此处表示对过 去情况的假设,用虚拟语气,故填wouldnt have been。句意: - 你有贝蒂的电话号码吗?一一有。否则,我昨天就不能联系到她了。 4.2017 ?北京高考If
3、the new safety system _ (put) to use, the accident would nover have happened. 答案:had been put句意:如果新的安全系统投入使用,这次事故就不会发生了。市句意和主句 中的谓语动词形式可知, 此句是对发生在过去的事情进行虚拟,条件状语从 句中应该使用过去完成时, 且应用被动语态,即had been put。 5.2016 ?北京高考Why dicin t you tel 1 me about your trouble last week? If you (tell) me, 1 could have help
4、ed. 答案:had told此处表述如果你告诉我,我本可以帮你的。根据题干屮的could have helped和 last week可知,设空处表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气,故答案为had told。 6.2016 ?天津高考 It was really annoying; I get access to the data bank you had recommended. 答案:couldnt 根据“It was really annoying” 可知,应用couldnt。句意:真令人恼火。 我不能进入你推荐的数据库。 7.2016 ?天津高考 I was wearing a seat
5、belt. If I hadn , t been wearing one, I would (injure). 答案:have been injured句意:我那时系着安全带呢。如果我没系安全带的话,我可能就受伤 了。根据句意及条件从句中的谓语动词形式可知,设空处表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气,其主句谓 语动词形式为“would + have done”。 主语I与injure为被动关系, 应用被动语态,故答案为have been injuredo 8. _ 2016 ?江苏高考If it (be) for his invitation the other day, I should not b
6、e here now. 答案:had not bcen/hadn ,t been 句意:如果不是因为那天他的邀请,我现在是不会在这里的。 根据句意可知,本句为错综时I可条件句。主句和现在的事实相反,从句和过去的事实相反,故从 句谓语动词为过去完成时,且应用其否定形式。 9.2015 ?福建高考 一Sorry, Mum! I failed the job interview again. Oh, its too bad. You _ have made full preparations. 答案:should结合语义可知,此处表示过去本应该做而未做的事,应用should have done结构,
7、 故填should,暗含对对方的责怪。 10.2015 ?重庆高考You _ be Carol. You havent changed a bit after all these years. 答案:must依据第二句可知,此处应用must,表示对现在的很有把握的推测,意为“ 一定, 肯定”。 ? Part II语篇真题演练 阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或插号内单词的正确形式。 2016 ?四 川高 考 The giant panda 61_ (love) by people throughout the world. Chinese scientists _62 (recent)
8、 had a chance to study a wild female panda with a newborn baby. She was a very _63 (care) mother. For 25 days, she never left her baby, not even to find something 64 (eat) ! She wou 1 d not let any other pandas come near. She licked the baby constantly to keep it clean. Any smell might attract natur
9、al 65 (enemy) that would try to eat the little panda. The mother held the baby in her front paws much the way a human does. _66_ it cried, she rocked it back and forth and gave it little comforting pats. The mother continued to care for the young panda 67 more than two years. By that time, the panda
10、 no longer needed 68 (it) mother for food. However, it stayed with her and learned about the ways of the forest. Then, after two and a half years, the mother 69 (drive) the young panda away. It was time for herto have a new baby, _70_ it was also time for the young panda to be independent. 61._ 62.
11、_ 63. _ 64. _ 65. _ 66. _ 67. _ 6 should的用法; used to 与would 的 用法;?may与might 的 用法;?need 与dare的 用法。(2) 情态动词表 推测: 对现在和将来 情况的 推测;对过去 情况 的推测;儿个情 态 动词的特殊用法 (should/need)。(3) 虚 拟语气的用法: 条件 从句及含蓄条件引出的 虚拟语气(but, but for, without, otherwise 等) ;w i sh后跟宾 语从句中的 虚拟语 气;if only, as if/though, would rather, Its hig
12、h 学情 分析 考生在情态动词和虚拟 语气的学习过程中存在 着以下儿点问 题:考 生不能熟练 学握情态动 词中的特 殊情况,导致 在相对 复朵的情况中不 能透 析考查内容的方 向, 而导致出错;(2) 含蓄 条件下的虚拟语气 出 现条件与结论与if 条件从句引出的结论不 能对应一致的现象,而 导致使用混乱;(3)条 件与结论发生 在不同时 段,但仍按 一致的情况 作答,而导致错误。 time后跟从句屮的虚 拟语气; 表示“建 议, 要求,命令,坚持”等 词后跟名词性 从句中的 虚拟语气。 考点1情态动词的基本用法 情态动词的基本用法也是历年考查的热点之一。除了掌握它们的基本含义外,一些特殊含义
13、也 要引起我们的注意。如:must “非得,偏要” ;shall用于第二、三人称表示警告、命令、威胁、 允诺、规定等;should可表示“竟然”等。解决此类问题,一方面要注意情态动词的基本含义,另 一方面,要注意特殊语境下的特殊含义。 lean和could的用法 (1)表示“能力”。 No one can be compared with Yao Ming in playing basketball. 一Oh, you are really his big fan. 一一在打篮球方面,无人能与姚明相媲美。 你真是姚明的铁杆粉丝。 注意:be able to亦是表“能力” , 但更侧重于表示克服
14、种种困难后,所能达到的能力。 We were able to finish it ahead of time, though it was such a tough task. 尽管任务艰巨, 我们仍能提前完成。 (2)表示惊讶,常用在否定句和疑问句中。 How could you do such a silly thing? 你怎么能做那样的蠢事呢? (3) could用于疑问句。表示礼貌地请求别人做某事,意为“能,可以”。 This dish is really delicious. Could you please say it in Chinese? 一Sure, we call it
15、 “doufu“? 一一这道菜真的很好吃,你能不能用汉语说出菜名? 当然可以,我们称之为“豆腐”。 (4)表示允许或许可 ( 口语中常用 ) 。 What should I wear to the party? 一Wei 1, it isnt very formal. You can wear whatever you 1 ike. 一一我应该穿什么参加晚会? 嗯,晚会不太正式,你可以穿自己喜欢的任何衣服。 (5) “cannot too+旨心 “; acannot . adj. + enough w 表示“无论 也不过 分”;“越越好”。 You cant be too careful wh
16、ile driving. 你开车时越小心越好。 2may和might的用法 ( 用于倒装句屮 ) (l)may和might表示“许可”,“可能性”,“祝愿”( 用于倒装句中 ) 等意义。 May you succeed !祝你成功 ! 注意:当may用于疑问句时,其否定冋答是“No, . mustnt/cant. ”。 May I take this book out of the reading room? 一No, you mustn* t.You nmst read it here. 一一我可以把这本书拿出阅览室吗? 不,绝不可以,你必须在这儿读。 (2) “may/might as w
17、ell +动词原形”意为“不妨 ; 倒不如”。 If you think the price of beef is too high, you may/might as well buy some pork. It depends on you. 如果你认为牛肉太贵的话,你不妨买些猪肉。你自己决定。 (3) may well用于加强推测语气,表示有较大可能性。 What you say may well be true. 你说的很有川能是事实。 典题1 Sometimes I am even sleepy in class. It , s terrible. You _ as well go
18、to bed earlier. 答案might/may根据句意可知填may/might。may/might as wel 1 “倒不如;不妨”。 3must的用法 (1)表示禁止 ( 用于否定句 ) 。 You mustnt park here! Its an emergency exit. 你不可以在这儿停车!这是紧急出口。 (2)表必要性,意为“必须”, 强调主观方面的必须,其否定形式是needn ,t/don,t have tOo Shall I inform him of the change of the schedule right now? I am afraid you mus
19、t, in case he comes late for the meeting. 我现在要通知他H程表的变动吗? 一一恐怕你必须现在通知他,以免他开会迟到。 注意:have to表示“不得不,必须”,强调客观因素所迫而必须去做的事情。 I have to hand in my term paper before 5: 00 pm today. 今天下午五点之前我不得不交上我的学期论文。 (3)表示偏执、固执,意为“非得,偏要”。用于疑问句或条件从句中。 Where did you get this book? I picked it up from a second-hand booksho
20、p if you must know. 你在哪里买的这本书? 一一如果你偏要知道,我是在一家二手书店买到的。 4shall的用法 (1)主要用于第一人称疑问句中,表示说话人征求对方的意见和向对方请示。 (DShall I go out for a walk after supper? 晚饭后我可以散散步吗? ?Where shall we go for our holiday? 我们到哪里去度假? (2)用于第二、第三人称陈述句中,表示说话人给对方的命令、规定、允诺或威胁等,或用于正 式法律、条规中。 Will you read me a story, Mummy? 一OK. You shal
21、l have one if you go to bed as soon as possible. 一一妈妈,给我讲个故事好 吗? 好的,如果你尽快上床睡觉我就给你讲一个。 典题2 2017 ?江苏大丰市期中Why I drive so many ndles away for a supper when T can easi1y have i t at one of the restaurants nearby? 答案must根据语境可知,此处表示“非得做, 偏要做”的语气,故填musto 典题3According to the school rules, a student _ report
22、any damage to school properties to a teacher or the office immediately. 答案shall由According to the school rules可知,此处表示正式条规中命令或强制性的要 求,故填shallo 5will和would的用法 (1)表示意志、意愿和决心。 一Please dont tell anybody. 一I won* t. I promise. 一一请别告诉任何人。 我不会的,我保证。 (2) 1 have told him again and again to stop smoking, but he
23、 will not 1isten. 我已再三告诉 他戒烟,但是他就是不听。 (2) will可以表示一种习惯性的动作,有“总是”或“总要”之意。 Every morning he will have a walk along this river. 每天早晨,他总是沿着河边散步。 (3) would可以表示过去的习惯性动作,比used to正式,但没有“现已无此习惯”的含义。 He would go to bed strictly at 9, and on Sundays would not have lunch any where except in that restaurant. 他总是
24、严格地9点上床睡觉,并且星期tl总在那家饭店吃午饭。 6should的用法 (1)表示一种“义务或职责”,通常理解为“应该”。 You should take the medicine with a full glass of water. 你应该用满满一杯水来服这种药。 (2)表示惊奇、赞叹、不满等情绪,表示“竟然”。 Tt never occurred to me that she should lie to me again. 我从来没有想到她竟然又骗我。 典题4 It was sad to me that they, so poor themselves, 答案Should根据语境可知
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