3必读---英语专业四级语法复习要点.docx.pdf
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1、CONTENTS 1.时I可、条件和让步状语从句屮的省略 2.系动词的分类:英语的系动词可分为: 3.名词前定语的位置: 4.would rather的使用情况: 5.邻近原则: 6.cannot be too + adj.:该结构的意思是: “无论怎样 也不 7.由as引入的让步状语从句 b.except / excepting that, in case (that), in the event, in so far as, on condition (that), only that, provided / providing (that), so / as long as, suppo
2、se / supposing (that), when; 2 2)considering (that), seeing (that) 3)in that, now that, for the reason that, on the ground(s) that, inasmuch as, not that . but that . ; 注意:as, because和since的区别: a.because回答why的问题,表示直接原因,语气最强; b.as引导的句子一般在主句以前,而because引导的句中可前,也可后; c.as比because语气弱 ,as可译为“因为”,也可译为“由于”;
3、d.表原因的连词中,语气强弱可依次表示为: because(理由充分,因果关系) since( I可接附带原因 ) - as( 只是附带说明,关系松弛) 38.分词和动词不定式作宾语补足语: 1)现在分词可以用在sec, hear, notice, watch, keep, find, get, have, feel等动词后与名词或代词构成复合 宾语,表示动作正在发生,即处于发生的过程中,还没有结束; 2)动词不定式也可以用在see, hear, feel, watch, notice等动词 和名词或代词构成复合宾语,表示动作发生过,即动作的全部过程结束了。 He saw a boy gett
4、ing on the tract or*. (The boy was getting on . ) 他看见一个男孩往拖拉机上爬。 He saw a boy get on the tractor and drive off. (The boy got on the tractor and drove off.) 他看见一个男孩爬上拖拉机就开走了。 39. whose和、vhidi用于定语从句中作定语: 1) whose在定语从句中作定语可以表示: a.前面提到的人的; b.指无生命的东西或物的; The house whose windows are broken is unoccupied.
5、There are many animals whose fur changes color in winter. 2) which也可在定语从句中作定语,指“前面所提到的物的”: He is studying economics, which knowledge is important today. I spent four years in college, during which time I learnt English. 40.让步状语从句的一些特殊句型: “ 动词+疑问词+ will/may“,疑问词可以是what, when, which, where, how 等: Say
6、 what you will, I shall still tmst to my own judgment. (=Whatever you say, ) Be the weather what it may, well begin our journey tomorrow. Come when you will, youll find him in the library ? (Whenever you will come, . ) The colonists agreed that, come what may, they would not buy the stamps.殖民主义者一致同意
7、,无论发生什么情况,他们都决不买印花。 41. than用作介词表示比较时的省略:than用作介词表 示比较时可以是than + noun + which or that 主句部分 表示高于或低于从句所表示的程度、范围或标准时,than后 面往往省略比较的名词和修饰该名词的定语从句的主语: b. have been put in d.to be put in ( 考研试题 ) The project requires more labour than t h c labour which has been put in because it is extremely difficult. He
8、 does more work than (the work which) is required of him? There ought to be less anxiety over the perceived risk of getting cancer than in the public mind today? a. exists b. exist c. existing d. existed More middle-aged persons suffer from heart trouble than is generally realized ? We were kept wai
9、ting longer than was necessary ? We often advise him not to drink more wine than is good for his health. 42. nobut 该结构的意思是“没有不是”,but是代词: There is no rule but has exceptions.没有无例外的规则。 There is no tree but bears some fruit. because it is 43. A is to B what C is to D. A对B的关系就像C对D的关系一样。 Air is to us wha
10、t water is to fish ? The people is to the peoples army what water is to fish. Intellect is to the mind what sight is to the body. 44. not any more than “不 就像与. 一样不 在any more than后面的句子 中没有否定词。该句型的其他表达方式为:no any more than / no more . than; He cannot afford a new car any more than 1 can afford a house
11、? There is no single solution to all problems any more than there is a single key that opens all doors. Men can no more live without food than plants can grow without sunshine? 45. more than to do / more . to do 该句型的意思是“不至于”; He is more experience than to do such a foolish thing. 他很有经验不至于做出如此愚蠢的事。 Y
12、ou have a better command of English to make such mistakes. 他英语掌握的很熟练,不至于出那种错。 46.以be引导的让步状语从句:以be开头的让步状语从句的句子结构是:be +主语+表语/ 分词+其他成 分。 The business of each day, be it selling goods or shipping them, went quite smoothly. Be it ever so late, I must do another experiment. All magnets behave the same, be
13、 they large or smaIL Be there mountains of knives or seas of fire, I will charge ahead ? Be it raining or blowing, he never came late. 47.关于still less, still more 和let alone 区别。 still less只用于否定句,still more用于肯定句,是强意肯定,let alone表示进一步的否定 或肯定,意为“更不用说”、“还不算”。 c. g. The baby cant walk, let alone run.(更不用说
14、 “ 跑”) He cant speak his native language well, let alone English. Her temper is bad enough, let alone her extravagance ? (“还不算”)(肯定) 另外,still less = much less = even less,它们可以用在否定句中: He could barely pay for his own meal, much less for mine. He cant run a hundred yards, even less a mile ? The baby ca
15、nt even walk, much less run. 4 b?连接彳弋词:whatever, whoever, whichever; c.起从属连词作用的短语:even if, even though, for all that, granting that, whether or ,no matter how / what / who / which / when / where; For all that she has a good sense of balance, she cannot dance well. Whether he drives or takes the trai
16、n he will be here on time. If he is too old to work much, the retired worker is very enthusiastic about the neighborhood affairs. He moved the tree when it was the best in the yard ? While I admit thatthe problems are difficult, I dont agree that they cannot be solved. 64. as as引导比较状语从句:as . as.引导的是
17、比较状语从句,该机构中的第一个as是副 词(在否定结构中用so),第二个as是连词用来引导状语从句. 在该从句中经常有省略现象,有时候有倒装现 象,而比较的对象应当保持一致. The speed of sound in steel is about 15 times as great as in air. The moon is about one-third as large in diameter as the earth. 65.引导时间状语从句的词和短语: a?从属连词:after, as, before, once, sice, till, until, when, while, w
18、hilst; b.联结副词:directly, immediately, instantly; c.起联词作用的单词和短语:as soon as, as (so) long as, by the time, each / every / next time, hardly ?when / before., no sooner. ?than ?, scarcely . when (before)., the instant, the minute, the moment; 66. much less后接的句子成分:much less可以表示 “更谈不上”或 “ 更不用说 “; I have ne
19、ver seen the man, much less spoken to him ? The boy can hardly understand arithmetic, much less algebra. Tom couldnt even pick the box up, much less carry it home? I can hardly bear to walk, much less rum 67.同位语从句的引导词:同位语从句可以由以 下词引导: a.从属连词: The news that he intended to come gave us much pleasure? I
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