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1、高一英语下学期知识要点复习 Unitl3 Healthy eating ?英语小窍门? 句型与句子结构(句型层次表)第一层第二层例句 谓I am coming?谓宾I like cats. 主 谓宾宾I bought you a book. I bought a book for you. 主 谓宾补I seldom see him do morning exercises?主谓表I am a teache匚He is very tall. 并列句主谓 + 主谓(and, or, but, for) I phoned him but there was no answer. 复合句主 语从句名
2、词性从句What he told me yesterday is true. 宾语从句I know that he is an American. 表语从句This is how he broke the door. 同位语从句His suggestion that we set off now has been accepted. 定语从句 This is the room where he was born. 状语从句Before he came here, he had learnt Chinese for years. ?重点词汇解析? 1. stomach n.肚子,胃,复数为sto
3、machs肚子疼 stomachache构成短语有 : have a pain in the stomach 胃(腹)疼lie on ones stomach 俯卧 have the stomach for. 对 . 有兴趣turn ones stomach 使 . 恶心 on an empty/a full stomach 空着肚子 / 吃饱 2? bar n. (1)条状物;棒 a bar of soap 一条肥皂a bar of chocolate 一条巧克力a bar of gold 一根金条 (2)酒吧a coffee bar (3) 1古I定短语:behind bars在狱中 3.
4、 diet n. (1)正常饮食a balanced diet均衡的饮食a diet of potatoes 土豆食品 (2)饮食限制go on a diet=be on a diet节食,节食 4. disease n.疾病a serious disease of the liver 严重的肝病diseased adj.有病的a diseased plant 病态的植物辨析:illness, disease illness:很少指具体疾病,只表示抽象的疾病和生病的状态。disease:指可以染上 和传染他人的疾病。 e. g. Several children are away from s
5、chool because of illness.几个孩子因生病没上学。 He has a rare heart disease.他得了 一种罕见的心脏病。 5 promise y. he never buys a drink for anyone. 他太吝啬了,他从不给别人买杯水。 (5) be careful not to do sth.小心不要做 . We want to be careful not to break anything我们要小心不要打破任何东西。 (6) be careful+从句 加以小心 Be careful what you do.小心你做的一切。 3?keep
6、up with跟上 (防止落后 ) keep up with the class跟上班级 ( 不掉队 ) keep up with the development of society 适应社会的发展 keep up with the going on 跟上时尚 注意:catch up with ( 已经落后 )赶上 4? Be +adj +to 短语 (l) . be harmful to.对 有害 be +adj?+to sb. /sth.指对某人或某物有影响或态度如何。 be good to.=be kind to对 . 态度好 be friendly to 对 友好 be cruel
7、to对 . 凶残 be bad to.对. . 态度不好 be polite/impolite to对 . 有礼貌 / 无礼貌 be rude to对 . 粗鲁 5. cut短语总结: (1) cut into把 . 切成 Vegetables should be cut into small pieces and dropped into the boiling water. 蔬菜应 切成小碎块放进开水里。 (2) cut up 切碎 Mom is cutting up the meat to make dumplings.妈妈正剁肉准备包饺子。 (3) cut down砍倒;削减 If y
8、ou cut down the trees, you will ruin the land.如果你砍伐树木,就会毁坏土地。 I have decided to cut down my smoking?我决定戒烟。 (4) cutoff切断,停掉 Our water supply has been cut off again.我们的供水再次屮断。 6?Short短语 ( l)be short of 缺少 Im short of money this week, can you lend me some?这星期我缺钱,你能借我一占 少 I ? (2)run short几乎用光 Weve run s
9、hort of oil.我们已经用光油了。 The supply of oil is running short.供应的油快要用光了。 ?课外阅读? The Wolf and the Lamb WOLF, meeting with a Lamb astray from the fold, resolved not to lay violent hands on him, but to find some plea to justify to the Lamb the Wolfs right to eat him. He thus addressed him:”Sirrah, last year
10、 you grossly insulted me. 11 nIndeed/f bleated the Lamb in a mournful tone of voice, HI was not then born.H Then said the Wolf,” You feed in my pasture. 11 HNo, good sir/ replied the Lamb, nI have not yet tasted grass/1 Again said the Wolf, ” You drink of my well. 11 HNo/ exclaimed the Lamb, MI neve
11、r yet drank water, for as yet my mothers milk is both food and drink to me.” Upon which the Wolf seized him and ate him up, saying, nWell! I wont remain supperless, even though you refute every one of my imputations/1 The tyrant will always find a pretext for his tyranny. 狼与小羊 一只小羊在河边喝水,狼见到后,便想找一个名正
12、言顺的借口吃掉他。于是他跑 到上游,恶狠狠地说小羊把河水搅浑浊了,使他喝不到清水。小羊回答说,他仅仅站 在河边喝水,并II又在下游,根本不可能把上游的水搅浑。狼见此讣不成, 又说道: “我父亲去年被你骂过。”小羊说,那时他还没有出生。狼对他说:“不管你怎样 辩解,反正我不会放 过你。” 这说明,对恶人做任何正当的辩解也是无效的。 The Bat and the Weasels A BAT who fell upon the ground and was caught by a Weasel pleaded to be spared his life. The Weasel refused, s
13、aying that he was by nature the enemy of all birds. The Bat assured him that he was not a bird, but a mouse, and thus was set free. Shortly afterwards the Bat again fell to the ground and was caught by another Weasel, whom he likewise entreated not to eat him. The Weasel said that he had a special h
14、ostility to mice. The Bat assured him that he was not a mouse, but a bat, and thus a second time escaped. It is wise to turn circumstances to good account. 扁蝠与黄鼠狼 蝙蝠掉落在地上,被黄鼠狼叼去,他请求饶命。黄鼠狼说绝不会放过他,自己生 来痛恨鸟类。蝙蝠说他是老鼠,不是鸟,便被放了。后来蝙蝠又掉落了下来,被另一 只黄鼠狼叼住,他再三请求不要吃他。这只黄鼠狼说他恨一切鼠类。蝙蝠改口说自己 是鸟类,并非老鼠,又被放了。这样,蝙蝠两次改变了自
15、己的名字,终于死里逃生。 这故事说明,我们遇事要随机应变方能避免危险。 Unit14 Festivals ?英语小窍门? 十二条经典英语谚语 1.Pain past is pleasure. (过去的痛苦就是快乐。) 2. Wisdom in the mind is better than money in the hand. (脑屮有知识,胜过手有金钱。) 3. Nothing is impossible for a willing heart.(心之所愿,无所不成。) 4. All things are difficult before they are easy.(凡事必先难后易。) 5
16、. Great hopes make great man.(伟大的理想造就伟大的人。) 6. God helps those who help themselves.(天助自助者。) 7. Four short words sum up what has lifted most successful individuals above the crowd: a little, bit more.(四个简短的词汇概括了成功的秘诀:多一点点!)比别人 多 一点努力、多一点自律、多一点决心、多一点反省、多一点学习、多一点实践、多 一点疯狂,多一点点就能创造奇迹! 8. In doing we lea
17、rn.(实践长才干。) 9. East or west, home is best.(东好西好,还是家里最好。) 10.Two heads are better than one.(三个臭皮匠,顶个诸葛亮。) 11.Good company on the road is the shortest cut.(行路有良伴就是捷径。) 12.Constant dropping wears the stone.(滴水穿石) ?重点词汇解析? 1? hono(u)r vt. 尊敬 e. g. Children should honour their father and mothe匚孩子应该尊敬父母。
18、(2). 对表示敬意 e. g. Flowers were placed there to honour his memory.鲜花摆放在那里为了纪念他 (3)使感到荣幸 e. g. You honour us by being with us today.今天你和我们在一起这是我们的荣幸。 I am honoured to be asked to speak here.被邀请在此讲话是我的荣幸。honour 兀. (1)荣誉,光荣(不可数名词) e. g. They fight for the honour of their country.他们为祖国的荣誉而战。 (2) (高尚)人格,信誉
19、(不可数名词) A man of honour would not behave in so cowardly way. 一个高尚的人行为处事不会这么懦弱。 (3)尊敬,敬重(不可数) e. g. One must show honour to ones parents. 一个人必须尊敬父母。 (4)使感到光荣的人或事,荣幸(可数,多作单数) e. g. Its an honour to meet you.见到你十分荣幸。 比较:in honour of为了(纪念或表示敬意而举彳亍某活动) e. g. It is only a dance in honour of her birthday.这
20、只是纪念她生日的一个舞会。 A memorial meeting was held in his honour.为 了 纪念他而举行纪念会。have the honour (of)有幸 . 荣幸地 e. g. May I have the honour of your company at dinner?我能有幸与您共进晚餐吗? 2. determine vt. 决定 e. g. His future has not been determined, but he may study medicine. 他还没决定好未 来,但他可能学医。 Can we now determine the da
21、te for our party?我们现在能决定派对的日期吗? (2)决心,决意,决定(作某事),(用过去分词)决心,下定决心 determine+不定式to do e. g. She determined to go that very afternoon.她决心就在那个卜午走。 determine+从句 He had been determined that no one should know.他决意不让任何人知道。 determined过去分词作定语或表语,果断,坚定,坚决 e. g.His voice was determined, and his eyes were flashin
22、g. 他的声音很坚决,他的眼睛闪闪发亮。 determination n. (1)决心(不可数) e. g. He came with the determination of staying/to stay one week.彳也决丿C?呆一 周。 (2)决定(不可数,间或加不定冠词) e. g. The boy came to a determination to run away from school. 男孩决定逃学。self- determination n.自主,自我决定 3. purpose n.目的,意图,目标 e. g. What is your purpose in doi
23、ng this?你做这件事的目的是什么?比较: for.purpose为了 目的on purpose有意地,故意地,特意 e. g. If I go there in future, it will be for the purpose of seeing you. 如果我今后去那儿的话,就是为了见你。 Fve come on purpose to speak to you.我来是特意要与你谈谈。 She did it on purpose.她是故意那样做。 4. reminder n.提醒的人 ( 物),暗示 e. g. Please give me a reminder this afte
24、rnoon to phone him.请下午提醒我给他打电 话。 remind v.使 想起,提醒 (1) + of 短语e. g. That story you have just told reminds me of an experience I once had. 你刚刚讲的故事使我想起了我曾经有过的经历。 (2) + sb. to do e. g. Please remind me to write that lette匚请提醒我写信。 (3) +从句e. g. The sight of the clock reminded me that I was late. 看见时钟使我想起我
25、迟到了。 5. compare v. (1) compare . with比较,指同类事物的具体比较 e. g. Compare these two languages, and we can see there are differences as well as similarities. 比较这两种语言,可以发现它们有同有异。 Parents like to compare their own children with other children. 父母们总喜欢把自己的孩子与别的孩子进行比较。 (2) compare . to 比作,指非同类事物的抽彖比较 e. g. Shakesp
26、eare compared the world to a stage.莎士 比亚把人世比作舞台。 People often compare girls to flowers.人们经常把女孩子比作花朵。 (3) compared to/ with与 . 比起来,常在句中作状语,可位于句首或句尾,to 和with可通用。 It was a small place then compared to/ with what it is now. 和现在比起来,那时它还是个小地方。 6.表示穿着的动词 (1) put on表示穿上的动作 e. g. He put on his coat and went
27、out hurriedly.他穿上外衣匆匆忙忙地岀去了。 (2) wear表示穿着状态,意义最广,可用于衣服、鞋、帽、袜、手套、眼镜、手 表、徽章、首饰,还可表示头发、胡须的式样,带有某种表情或样子。 e. g. He was a short man wearing thick glasses.他是一个带着厚厚的眼镜的矮小的 人。 (3) dress既可表示动作也可表示状态,作及物动词吋,后面宾语是人,即dress sb. / oneself (in sth.)或be dressed in sth. e. g. She dressed the baby in red.她给孩子穿上了红色的衣服。
28、 (4) have on表示穿着状态,无进行时。 e. g. She had a red dress on.她穿了一件红裙了。 (5) be in sth.表示状态 e. g. He 9s in plain clothes. 他身着便装。 What colour is your child in?你的孩子穿着什么颜色的衣服? 7. light的用法 adj.明亮的 ( 二bright),浅色的(=pale) e. g. His room is light and airy.他的房间又亮又通风。 It gets light at about six oclock.六点左右天亮。 She has
29、a light green dress.她有一条淡绿色的裙子。 (2)77.?光线,亮光 (不可数 ),但如表示一种光线时,尤其是被形容词修饰时,前 可加不定冠词。e. g. The test-tube was glowing with a faint blue light.试管里发出微弱 的蓝光。 灯,灯光,发光物,引火物(可数 ) e. g. There were no lights on in any office room.没有一个办公室里有灯光。 (3) v. (light, lit, lit)和(light, lighted, lighted) 点燃 ( 生炉子 )e. g. Wh
30、en it was dark we lit the candles.天黑时我们点上了蜡烛。 照亮e. g. Our streets are lit by electricity.街道被灯光照亮。 ( 使) 变得亮起来,开朗起来 e. g. Her face lighted when she saw who it was.当她看清是谁时 , 她的脸亮了起來。 Suddenly a smile lit (up) her face.突然微笑使她的脸亮了起来。 (4) light up动词短语 照亮,点亮e. g. The burning building lit up the whole stree
31、t.燃烧的建筑物照亮了 整条街道。 ( 使) 容光焕发,春风满面 (指人的面部表情 ) e. g. Her face lit up when she heard the good news.当她听到好消息时,脸上露出喜色。 注意:light的过去分词有两lighted, lit当作定语修饰名词时,用lightedo e. g. a lighted candle 一支点着的蜡烛。 8 .common 用法及common, usual, ordinary, general 区另lj (1 )common 共同的,共有的e. g. English is their common language.英
32、语是他们的共同语言。 普通的,一般的,平常的Nothing is commoner than that.没有比此更普通的。 常见的,到处可见的e. g. Is this word in common use?这个字常用吗? in common (with sb.)共同。勺e. g. We have many things in common.我彳门有X|: 多共同之处。 (2) common, general, ordinary, usual 区另U common侧重“普通二表示“时时发牛,人所共有;并含有“并不高贵,地位低下 “ 之意,指符合或具有全体共有的特征,其反义词为rare。 e.
33、g. a common saying 俗语a common wish 一个共同的愿望common sense 常识 common knowledge 普通知识 This is a grammatical mistake common among beginners in English. 这是个初学英语的人易犯的错误。 general侧重“普遍1表示在大多数人或事物中流行并受到关注,不含有“地位低 卜“Z意,其反义词为specifico e. g. general readers 一般读者a general idea 一个 普通 的观点 ordinary与common基本同义,侧重“夕卜表平凡
34、的,普通的”,表示“随时可以 碰 到,不值得惊奇 “,其反义词为superioro e. g. an ordinary event 一件极平常的事an ordinary person 一个普通的人 My teacher is an ordinary-looking man.我的老师是个相貌平常的人。 usual用来指事物,强调习惯性,一贯如此,意为“通常的,惯常的”,含有“随集 体风俗或个人习惯而常常发生”之意,其反义词为unusualo e. g. as usual和往常一样It a usual thing with him.这对他来说是平常事。 9. believe 与believe in
35、 believe相信=think .true,后接表示人或事物的名词或代词,也可接what/ that 从句 e. g. I believe you. = I believe what you said.我相信你说的话。 1could hardly believe my ears/eyes.我简直不敢相信我所听到的/ 看到的。比较: believe sb.相信某人所说的话 believe in sb.信任某人,指人的品格、作风、为人等方面的情况。 e. g. We usually believe in him, but this doesnt mean we always believe hi
36、m. 我们通 常是信任他的,但这并不意味着我们总是相信他的话。 10. gather 与collect 区别 gather作“收集心聚集 “ 讲时用法广泛,可指把人集中起来,也可指把分散的东西 或抽象的东西 ( 如信息、力量 )聚集起来。 collect作“收集采集 讲时,着重于计划性和选择性的含义。 e. g. Up to now, he has collected 500 foreign stamps.至今为止,他已收集了五百张 外国邮票。 Gather round, and Fll tell you a story.大家围过来,我给你们讲个故事。 When the accident ha
37、ppened, a lot of people quickly gathered round. 事故发生后,很 快周围聚集了很多人。 How long did it take you to collect these ancient coins? 你用了多长时间才收集到这些古代硬币? 注意:gather 一般不与together 连用,因其自身就是bring together / come together 之意。 ?重点词组解析? 1. give短语总结 ( l)give away 分发,送给人e. g. He gave away all his pictures.他把所有的画都送人了。 泄
38、漏( 机密),暴露 (自己的情Please don give my secret away.请不要泄漏我的 秘密。 (2) give back 还给e. g. I must call at the library to give back this book.我必须去图书馆还书。 恢复 ( 健康等 )e. g. Living here has given me back my health?住在这里我的健康 恢复了。 (3) give in 交上来e. g. Give in your exercise books.请交上练习本。 give in (to sb.)让步,妥协,投降,认输,向. 让
39、步 e. g. The enemy is surrounded and must soon give in.敌人被包围了必须马上投降。 He is always giving in to other people.他总是向别人让步。 (4) give off 散发出e. g. The flowers give off a sweet fragrance.花散发岀甜美的香 气。 (5) give out 散发,颁发e. g. The teacher gave out the examination papers.老师分发试卷。 宣彳|j e. g. He gave out that he was
40、 going to England.他宣布他将去英国。 被用完,耗尽,没有了 e. g. You cant have a hot bath一the water will give out.你不能洗热水澡,水快没 了。 ( 机器等 ) 失灵, (人)体力不支 .The chair gave out under the fat man.人太胖了, 椅子垮了。 发出e. g. The radio is giving out a strange signal.无线电发出奇怪的信号。 (6) give up 放弃,不再做 ( 某事)He has given up playing football.他不再
41、踢球了。 2 as well as (1)意为“除外杯同”“和林并杯也”, 后接动词时用动名词。 e. g. He gave me money as well as advice.他不但给我建议还给我钱。 Alice has an English-Chinese dictionary as well as a Chinese-English dictionary. 爱丽 丝不但有一本汉英词典还有一本英汉词典。 The little girl is clever as well as beautiful.这个女孩不但漂亮,而且聪明。 (2) A as well as B部分作主语时,谓语动词的单
42、复数与A 一致 e. g. The teacher as well as his students was praised.不仅学牛而且老师也受到了表 扬。 比较: 1)与as well as 用法相同的还有(along/ together) with, including, but/except/ besides, in addition to, rather than, like/ such as . e. g. It is you rather than I who are to speak at the meeting. 是你而不是我将在会上讲 话。_ _ _ Besides him,
43、 three more men have been invited.除 了 他,还有三个人被邀请了。 2)有一些短语作主语时,谓语动词的单复数由与它靠近的词来决定,这些短语有: or, either.or., neither.nor., not only.but also., not.but., There be. e. g. He or I am to go to the meeting.他或者我去开会。Either you or she is wrong.不 是你就是她错了。 (3) as well as 相当于not only. but also但表示 “不但 . 而且”时 ,A as
44、well as B 侧重A,而not only A but also B 侧重B e. g. You as well as I are wrong. = Not only I but also you are wrong. (4) as well as后接从句 , 是副词的同级比较。 e. g. She sings as well as she plays.她弹得好,唱得也好。 He shoots as well as he rides.他马骑得好,枪打得也好。 (5) as well用在句末时,与also/too相近,as well与too常用于句末。 e. g. She is not on
45、ly good at maths, she is good as English as well.她不但数学好 , 英 语也好。_ Marys sister teaches English, too.玛丽的姐姐也教英语。 too除了放在句末外,也可接在主语之后,这时比较正式。 e. g. I, too, know how to work out the maths problem.我也知道怎样解这道数学题。 also不如too/ as well用得多,不用于句末,通常与动词连用。 e. g. Ive also read some of Shakespeare plays. 我也读过一些莎士比亚
46、的剧木。 also, as well, too 一般不用于否定句,否定句中可用not.either, neither.nor. I like the novel as well.我也喜欢这部小说I dont like the novel either?. 我也不喜欢 这部小说。 She is here, too.她也在这里。She isnt here, eithe匚 她也不在这里。 3? care about (1)关心 e. g. He used to care only about his own family, but has greatly changed now. 他曾经 只关心他自
47、己家,但是现在变了很多。 (2)喜欢,对 . 有兴趣e. g. He cares about music.他对音乐感兴趣。 比较:care for (1)照顾,照料The mother cared for the sick child night and day. 妈妈口口夜夜照 料生病的孩子。 (2)喜欢 , 对 . . 有兴趣e. g. They do not care very greatly for art.他们对艺术不是 很感兴趣。 care v.在乎,在意 (多用于否定结构 ) (1) +从句e. g. Fll go. I dont care what happens.我要走,我不
48、在乎发生什么了。 (2)后不接内容I dont care, so long as she let me be with her.我不在乎,只要她讣我 和她在一起。 (1)注意,当心 (不可数 ) take care+ 从句e. g. Take care (that) you dont break it.小心别打碎它。 take care of sth. e. g. Take care of what you are doing. 注意你在十什么。 with care作状语,仔细地,认真地,当心e. g. Cross the road with care.过马路时要 当心。 (2)照顾,照管 (
49、 不可数 ) under (ones/ the) care e. g. I must leave him under your care.我必须让你来照顾他。 in ones care e. g. Mary was left in her sisters care.玛丽被留下来l l姐姐照顾。to ones care e. g. Fll leave this to your care.我将把这个留给你来照顾。 take care of e. g. It was I who was taking care of him.是我在照顾他。 忧烦,烦恼 ( 不可数 )e. g. Care had made him look ten years older烦恼使他看起 来老十岁。 (4)烦人的事 ( 可数)e. g. He seemed to be a little man without a care.他似乎是一个 没有烦事的小人物。 ?重点句型解析? 1. The Spring Festival, . and festivals help us understand who we are, remember
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