7B初一英语语法复习.docx.pdf
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1、7B初一英语语法复习 1、形容词的用法: 形容词用以修饰名词,表示人或事物的特征。在句屮可以作定语、表语,用于限定被修 饰语的特征,如长短、大小、重量、颜色、高矮、胖瘦、新旧等,。 The little girl is very pretty. 这个小女孩很好看。 -I want that one.我想要那个。 -Which one?哪一个? The new blue one. 那个蓝色新的。 Can I have a look at the big nice one? 我能看一看那个大的漂亮的吗? 2、 人称代词: 是用來表示人的代词,有单数和负数之分,有主格和宾格之分。人称代词的主格在句屮
2、 作主语;人称代词的宾格在句屮作宾语,是作动词或介词的宾语。 主格: I, we, you, he, she, it, they在句子屮作主语 宾格: me, us, you, him, her, it, them在句子中作宾语 He and I are in the same class. 我和他在同一个班级。 Can you see them in the street? 你能看见他们在街上吗? 3、 可数名词和不可数名词 英语中名词分为可数名词和不可数名词。凡是可数计数的名词叫做可数名词;凡是不可 以计数的名词叫做不可数名词。 (1)可数名词分为单数和复数两种形式。可数名词前可以用不定冠
3、词、数词或some many 等修饰。女 0: a man a desk an apple an orange some books some children tow pens (2)不可数名词没有复数形式,前面不能用不定冠词、数词或many等词语修饰,但 可以用 some a little much等词语來修饰。有时可以与一些量词短语搭配,这些量词短语中的名词一般是可 数的,有单数形式,也可以有复数形式。如:some water a little milk much food a piece of bread tow bottles of ink some glasses of water
4、 4、 祈使句 祈使句用来表示请求、命令等,句屮没有主语,肯定形式由谓语或者谓语+宾语( + 宾语 补足语)构成,否定形式则在句前加Don t. Stand up, please. 请起立。Don,t woriy.别担心。 can的用法: can是情态动词,表示“能,会,可以,被允许等”,其后接动词原形,否定形式为 cannot,可缩写为can t. She can speak Japanese.她会讲 H 语。 I can? t remember his name. 我不记得他的名字了。 Can you spell your name? 你会拼写你的名字吗? 5、have/ has 的用法:
5、 1)谓语动词 have表示“有”,有两种形式:have和 has,前者用于第一人称 (I, we),第二人称 (you)和第三人称复数 (they),后者用于第三人称单数 (he, she, it) 或单数 名词。 I have an apple and he has two btinanas.我有一个苹果,他有两个香蕉。You have a new English teacher. 你们有了一个新的英语老师。It has two big eyes. 它有一双 大眼睛。 Julie and Jack have a nice ca 匚朱莉和杰克有一辆好看的车。 2)have/has 句型与 t
6、here be句型的比较:两者都表示“有”,但用法不同。前者表示所属关系,即表示“某人 或某物有什么”,而后者表示存在,表示“某地有什么”。 They have some new books. 他们有一些新书。 There are some new books on their desks.他们桌子上有一些新书。 She has a lot of pretty skirts. 她有很多漂亮的裙子。 There are a lot of pretty skirts in the shop. 商店里有很多漂亮的裙子。 3)have/ has的否定句,一般要加助动词do/does, 再加 not 构
7、成,即 do not have (don t have)/ does not have (doesnt have) .She does not have a sister. 她没有姐姐。 We don J t have any classes on Saturday. 我们星期六没有课。 Ann and 1 don,t have a big room. 我和安没有一个大房间。 4)一般疑问句 rfT助动词 Do/ Does +主语 4- have +宾语”构成,回答用Yes, do/ does. 或者 No, ? dont/ doesnt. Do you have a big house? 他
8、们的房子大吗? -No, they don J t.不,他们的房子不大。 -Does he have an eraser?他有橡皮吗? Yes, he does. 他有的。 5) 特殊疑问句由特殊疑问词+助动词 do/ does + have什状语 )构成。What do they have? 他们有什么? What does he have? 他有什么? How many telephones do they have? 他们有几部电话? 6、介词用法: 1)具体吋间前介词用ato ? He gets up at half past seven every day.他每天七点半起床。She
9、goes to bed at eleven o clock.她点睡觉。 2)表示“在早上,在下午,在晚上”的短语中用介词in,且定冠词 the不能省 略; 表示“在中午,在夜里”的短语中介词用al,不加冠词。 in the morning 在早上, in the afternoon 在下午, in the evening 在晚上 at noon在中午, at night在夜里 What do you usually do on Monday morning?星期一上午你通常做什么? Do you sometimes go out to eat on Friday evening? 有时你星期五
10、晚上出去吃饭吗? He watches DVDs on Saturday night. 星期六晩上他看DVD 。 Parents take children to parks on June 1.六月一日,家长们带着孩子去公园。 4) 在 this, last, next, every等词前面既不加介词,也不用冠词。 What are you doing this afternoon? 今天 I、午你做什么? He visits his grandma every Friday. 他每个星期五都去看望祖母。 She is going to Shanghai next Monday. 她下个星期
11、一去上海。 7、现在进行时态: 概念:表示现在 ( 说话瞬间 ) 正在进行或发生的动作,也可以表示目前一段时间内或现 阶段正在进行的活动。 结构: rflbc 动词(am, is, are) +动词 ing 构成,其屮 be动词要与主语保持性数一致。 Mary is flying a kite in the park.玛丽正在公园里放风筝。 What are you doing now? 你现在在干什么 ? -K m reading English.我正在读英语。 Are they drawing the pictures now? 他们正在画画吗? 动词现在分词是动词原形变化而来的,规则变化
12、如下: 动词 ing 形式叫动词现在分词,其构成如下: 1)直接在动词后加ing playplaying, do oing, talktalking, sing-singing 2)以不发音的字母e结尾的动词,先去e,再加 ing makemaking, writewriting, havehaving, taketaking 3)以重读闭音节结尾的动词且词尾只有一个辅音字母,应双写这个辅音字母,再 加 ing runrunning, stopstopping, putputting, swimswimming 注意对现在进行时态的判断。判断一个英语句子用什么时态,主要看句子的时间状语, 一般
13、说来,每种时态都有与之相对应的时间状语。现在进行时表示现在( 说话瞬间 ) 正在进 行或 发生的动作。因此,这个时态最常用的时间状语是now;但有不少句子并没有now,只 能通过提 示语如 look、listen 等或者通过上下文来确定用现在进行时。 She is cleaning her room now. 她正在打扫房间。 Look! The girl is dancing over there.看! 那个女孩在那里跳舞。 Can you go and play games with me? 你能和我们一起做游戏吗? Can t you see I am doing my homework
14、? 你没看见我正在做作业吗?练习: 按要求改写句子 1.The boy is playing basketball. 否定句: _ _般疑问句: _ 肯定回答: _ 否定回答: _ 对“is playing basketball提问: _ 对“ The boy” 提问: _ 2? They are singing in the classroom ? 否定句: _ _般疑问句: _ 肯定冋答: _ 否定回答: _ 对“are singing “提问: _ 对“ in the classroom“ 提问: _ 3. 仿照例句造句: Model:read,a book ? -What are yo
15、u doing? Tm reading a book ? 1) .read a new book _ 2) .clean the blackboard _ 4. she,the window,open,now.( 用现在进行时连词成句?) _ 5. The birds are singing in the tree. ( 就划线部分提问 ) _ 6.is,who,the window,cleaning? ( 连词成句 ) _ 7.The children are playing games near the house.(就划线部分提问 _ 8.She is closing the door
16、now.( 改成否定句 ) _ 9. You are doing your homework.(用 T 作主语改写句子 ) _ 10. they,the tree,sing,now,under.(ffl现在进行时连词成句 .) _ 11. The Young Pioneers are helping the old woman.( 改成一般疑问句 ) II. 单项选择 ()1. 我在照看孩子 . (A)I am looking after the baby. (B)Fm look aftering the baby. (C)I look am aftering the baby?(D)I lo
17、oking after the baby? ( )2. _ friends making _ a kite. (A)I,me (B)My,my (C)My,me (D)His,his ( )3.Is the woman _ yellow your teacher? (A)in (B)putting on (C)wearing (D)having ( )4.Look!The twins _ their mother do the housework? (A)are wan ting (B)help (C)are helping (D)are looki ng ( )5. _ are the bi
18、rds doing? They are singing in a tree. (A)Who (B)What (C)How (D)Where ( )6.Is she _ something? (A)eat (B)eating (C)eatting (D)eats ()7. 你在干什么? (A)What is you doing? (B)What are you do? (C)What are you doing? (D)What do you do? ( )8.What are you listening _ ? (A)/ (B)for (C)at (D)to ()9. 我正在听他说话 . (A
19、)I listening to him. (B)Im listening to him. (C)Im listen to him. (D)Im listening him. )10.They are _ their clothes? (A)makeing (B)putting (C)put away (D)putting on )11.Listen! She _ in the classroom. (A)is singing (B)sing (C)to sing (D)is sing )12.Today Jim _ his white shirt and brown trousers ? (A
20、)is putting on (B)wear (C)put on (D)is wearing )13. _ are you eating?Fm eating _ meat. (A)What,some (B)Which,any (C)Where,not (D)What,a )14.They _ TV in the evening.They do their homework. (A)are watching (B)canY watching (C)donrt watch (D)dont watching )15.The children _ football. (A)is playing (B)
21、are playing (C)play the (D)play a )16.They are flying kites. (A)他们喜欢放风筝 . ( B)他们在放风筝吗? ( C)他们在放风筝 . ( D)他们常放风筝 . ( )17.Here are many books ? Please _ them. (A)look (B) write (C)count ( )18.Look,They are swimming in the river. (A)to go with (B)go with (C)helping ( )20.Look.Lucy is _ a new bike today
22、? (A)jumping (B)running (C)riding III.用现在进行时完成下列句子: 1 .What _ you _ (do)? 2.1_ (sing) an English song. 3.What _ he _ (mend)? 4.He_ (mend) a car. 5._ you _ (fly) a kite?Yes, _ . 6._ she _ (sit) in the boat? 7._ you _ (ask) questions? 8.We _ (play) games now. IV.翻译 1. 我正在读英语。2. 他正在写字。 3. 你正在唱歌吗?是的,我在唱
23、歌。不,我不在唱歌。 4 ?你正在干什么?我正在做作业。 5. 看!杰克正在游泳。 7. 你父亲在干什么?他正在看电视。 8他正在打一封信吗?是的。 9 . 琳达经常在晚上做作业 , 但她今晚在看电视。 10.今天天气不错。瞧!他们正在草地上玩耍。 11.我不能和你出去了 . 外面正下雨呢。 12.我的父母年岁越来越老了。 (D)taking I want _ you. (D)help (D)takeing 6. 听!她正在唱歌。 8、一般现在时 一般现在时表示经常性或习惯性的动作,或表示现在的特征或状态。 其动词形式是:动词原形( 只有第三人称单数作主语时除外,要加?s)其疑问句和否定句 需
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