pep小学英语总复习资料单词句子及主要语法点.docx.pdf
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1、pep 小学英语总复习资料单词句了及主要语法点 一:学生易错词汇 1.a, an的选择:元音字母开头的单词用an,辅音字母开头的单词用a. 2.am , is, are的选择:单数用 is,复数用 are. I用 am , you用 are. 3.have , has的选择:表示某人有某物。单数用has,复数用 have. I ,you用 have . 4.there is, there are 的选择 : 表示某地有某物 , 某人。单数用 there is,复数用 there are. 5.some, any的选择 : 肯定句用 some,疑问句和否定句用any. 6.疑问词的选择 : wh
2、at (什么) who (谁) where (哪里) whose (谁的) why (为什么) when(什 么时候) which (哪一个) how old (多大) how many (多少) how much (多少 钱) 二:形容词比较级详解 当我们盂要对事物作出比较时,需要用到比较级。比较级的句子结构通常是: 什么+动词 be (am z is z are ) + 形容词比较级 + than (比) +什么,如: Im taller and heavier than you.(我比你更高和更重。) An elephant is bigger than a tiger. (一只大象比一
3、只老虎更人。) 形容词的比较级是在形容词的基础上变化而来的,它的变化规则是: 般的直接在词尾加er , 如 tall - taller, strong - stronger, 以 e 结尾的 , 直接加 r , 如 fine-finer, 以辅音字母加 y 结尾的 , 先改 y 为 i 再加 er,如 funny-funnier 双写最后的字母再加er,如 big - bigger, thin - thinner ,hot- hotter 注意比较的两者应该是互相对应的可比较的东西。 典型错误 : My hair is longer than you.(我的头发比你更长。) 比较的两者是我的头
4、发、你(整个人),那么比较的对象就没有可比性。 应该改为:My hair is I on ger than yours. My hair is longer tha ny our hair. 比较级专项练习:一、从方框中选出合适的单词完成句子heavy tall long big (1) How is the Yellow River? How is Mr Green? Hes 175cm. (3) How are your feet? I wear size 18. (4)How is the fish? Its 2kg. 二、根据句意写出所缺的单词 (1) Im 12 years old.
5、 Youre 14. Km tha n a mon keys tail. than a pig. than a sea. 三、 根据中文完成句子 . (1)我比我的弟弟大三岁 .Im than my brother. 这棵树要比那棵树高 . This tree than that one. 你比他矮四厘米 . You are than he. 谁比你重?than you? 四、 根据答句写出问句 (1)Km 160 cm. (2)Im 12 years old. (4) Amys hair is 30 cm long. than you. (2) A rabbits tail is (3) A
6、n elephant is A lake is (5) A basketball is than a football. 三:动词过去式详解动词的过去式的构成规则有: A、 规则动词 一般肓接在动词的后面加ed:如 worked , learned , cleaned , visited 以 e 结尾的动词直接加d:如 lived , danced x used 以辅音字母加 y 结尾的动词要改y 为 i 再加 ed (此类动词较少)如study-studied carry -carried worry-worried (注意 play stay不是辅音字母加 y,所以不属于此类) 双写最后一
7、个字母(此类动词较少)如stopped B、 不规则动词(此类词并无规则,须熟记)小学阶段耍记住以下动词的原形和过去式:sing -sang, eat - ate, see 一 saw , have 一 had , do 一 did , go 一 went, take 一 took , buy 一 bought , get 一 got, read 一 read ,fly 一 flew, am/is - was, are 一 were , say 一 said , leave 一 left, swim 一 swam , tell 一 told , draw 一 drew, come 一 came
8、 , lose 一 lost, find 一 found , drink drank, hurt 一 hurt, feel 一 felt 四:动词现在分词详解动词的 ing 形式的构成规则: 般的直接在后面加上ing,如 doing, going, working, singing, eating 以 e 结尾的动词 , 要先去 e 再加 ing , 如 having, writing 双写最后一个字母的(此类动词极少)有: running, swimming, sitting, getting 五:人称和数 主格宾格 物主代词 第一单数1 (我) me my (我的) /mine 人称复数
9、we (我们)us our (我们的) /ours 第二单数you (你)you your (你的) /yours 人称复数you (你们)you your (你们的) /yours he (他)him his (他的) /his 笫三 人称 单数 she (她)her her (她的) /hers it (它)it its (它的) /its 复数they (他们 / 她们/ 它们)them their (他们的 / 她们的 / 它们 的) /theirs 六:句型专项归类 1、肯定句 : 是指用肯定的语气来陈述的句子, 如:Im a student. She is a doctor. He
10、 works in a hospital. There are four fans in our classroom. He will eat lunch at 12:00. I watched TV yesterday eve ning. 2、否定句 : 含有否定词或表示否定意义词的句子, 如: Tm not a student. She is not (isnt) a doctor. He does not (doesnt) work in a hospital. There are not (arent) four fans in our classroom. He will not (
11、wont) eat lunch at 12:00. I did not (didnt) watch TV yesterday evening. 注意小结:否定句主要是在肯定句的基础上加上了否定词“not%有动词 be 的句子则“not“ 加 在 be 后面,可缩写成 “isnt, arent“, 但 am not 一般都分开写。没有动词be 的句子则要先在主要 动词的前而加上一个助动词(do, does, did),然后在它后而加上 “not“, 伤也可以把它们缩写在 一起如 “dont, doesnt, didnt )。这三个助动词要根据人称和时态来选择, 其中“does“ 只用于一般 现在
12、吋主语是第三人称单数的情况,ldid只用丁一般过去吋,不论主语是什么人称和数,都 用“did 0 3、一 ?般疑问句:是指询问事实的句子,此类句子必须用“yes,或 “no 来回答。 如:Are you a student? Yes, I am / No, Km not. Is she a doctor? Yes, she is. / No, she isnt. Does he work in a hospital? Yes, he does? / No, he doesnt. Are there four fans in our classroom? Yes, there are ? / N
13、o, there are nt. Are you going to buy a comic book tonight? Yes, I am. / No, I am not. (Yes, we are. / No, we arent. ) Will he eat lunch at 12:00? Yes, I will. / No, I will not (wont). Are they swimming? Yes, they are. / No, they arent. Did you watch TV yesterday evening? Yes, I did. / No, I didnt?
14、注意小结:一般疑问句是在肯定句的基础上, 把动词 be 调到首位,其他照写,末尾标点符号变成问号即可。 没有动诃 be 的句子则要在句首加上一个助动诃(do, does, did)再把紧跟在后面的动词变回 原形,末尾标点符号变成问号即可。 这三个助动词也要根据人称和时态來选择,具屮“does只川于一般现在时主语是笫三人称单 数的情况,而 “did只用于 - ?般过去吋,不论主语是什么人称和数,都用“did o 一般疑问句 冇个重要的原则就是问和答要一致,即问句里的第一个单词(助动词)和简略答句里的这个词 是一致的。 4、特殊疑问句:以特殊疑问词(what, where , who , whic
15、h , when , whose , why, how 等)开 头 引导的句子。此类句子应该问什么就答什么,不能用“yes、no来回答。如: What is this? Its a computer. What does he do? He zs a doctor. Where are you going? Km going to Beijing. Who played football with you yesterday after no on? Mike. Which seas on do you like best? Summer. When do you usually get up
16、? I usually get up at 6:30. Whose skirt is this? Its Amys. Why do you like spring best? Because I can plant trees? How are you? Km fine? / Im happy? How did you go to Xinjiang? I went to Xinjiang by train. 其中 how 乂可以和其他一些形容词连用组成特殊疑问词组用来提问,如:how many (多 少 (数量) , how much (多少(钱) z how tall (多高) , how
17、long (多长) , how big (多 大), how heavy (多重) 例句: How many pencils do you have? I have three pencils? How many girls can you see? I can see four girls? How many desks are there in your classroom? There are 51. 小结: how many 用来提问可数名词的数量,主要冇以上三种句式搭配, How many +名词复数 + do you have? 你有多少 ? How many +名词复数 + ca
18、n you see? 你能看见多少? How many + 名词复数 + are there.? 有多少 ? 七:完全、缩略形式: rm=l am he zs=he is shezs=she is they7e=they are you“re=you are theres 二 there is theyre 二 they are can z t=ca n not don zt=do not does nt 二 does not isnzt=is not arent=are not let zs=let us won匕 will not l“ll=l will wasn 匕 was not 总结
19、:通常情 况 T, m 即 am, s 即 is (但 lets=let us), re 即 are , nt 即 not (但 cant 二 can not) A:与字母相关的题型 ( 注:五个元音字母是Aa Ee li Oo Uu) 二?写出下列字母的左邻右舍。 1.( )Hh( )2.( )Bb( )3.( )LI( )4.( )Rr( )5.( ) Qq ( )6.( ) Ww () 三. 用小写字母抄写下列单词。 l.ROOM( ) 2.UNDER( ) 3.PLEASE( ) 4.PICTURE( ) 5.WHERE( ) 6.TWINS() 7.EXCUSE( )8.H0W( )
20、 9.CAKE( ) 1O.SMALL() 三?将全是元音字母的那一组圈起来 1. ace 2. ieo 3. v u k 4. e u I 5. J B I 6. ETV 7. E I 0 motor cycle 摩托车 ship 轮船 yacht 快艇 面包车 plane/airplane 飞机 壁floor 地板curtain 窗帘 desk课桌 chair椅子 teachers desk 讲台 trash bin 垃圾箱 computer 计算机 board 写 picture 图画;照片wall 墙 closet 壁橱 washroom 卫生间art room 绘個教室compute
21、r room 计算机教室music room 咅乐教室TV room 电视机房flat 公寓 company 公司 factory 工厂 fruit stand 水果摊 pet shop 宠物商店nature park 自然公园theme park 主题公园science museum科学傅物馆t he Great Wall 长城 supermarket 超市 bank 银行 country 国家 village 乡村 city 城市 hometown 家乡 bus stop公交 车站 十三、课程(classes) sports 体育运动science科学 Moral Education 思想
22、品徳课Social Studies社会课 Chinese语文 math 数学 PE体育课English英语课 十四、国家、城市(countries 们 he 他she她it 它 they 他( 她,它 ) 们 my 我的 our 我们的your 你的;你们的his 他的 her 她的 二十七、动词(V.) play (.ed)玩;踢swim(swam)游泳skate 滑冰 fly(flew)飞 jump 跳 walk 走run(ran)跑climb 爬 fight(fought)打架 swing(swung)荡 eat(ate)吃 sleep(slept)睡觉 like 像,喜欢have(ha
23、d)冇;吃 turn 转弯 buy(bought)买 take(took) 买;带 live 居住 teach (taught)教 go(went)去 study(studied)学习 learn 学习(learned) sing(sang) 唱 歌 dance 跳舞 row 划 do(did) 做 do homework 做作业 do housework 做家务 watch TV看电视 read(read) books 读书 cook the meals 做饭 water the flowers 浇花 sweep(swept) the floor 扌土也 clean the bedroom
24、打扌 z| 卧室make(made) the bed 铺 床 set(set) the table 摆饭桌 wash the clothes 洗衣服 do the dishes 洗碗碟 use a computer 使用计 算机 do morning exercises 晨练;做广播操eat breakfast 吃早 饭 eat dinner 吃晚饭 go to school 上学 have English class Ji 英语课 play sports 进 行体冇运动get (got) up 起床 climb mountains 爬山go shopping买东西 play the pian
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