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1、(0179)大学英语四复习思考题 Part I Reading Comprehension Directions: There are 15 reading passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions. For each question there are four suggested answers marked a, b, c, and d You should choose the ONE best answer. Then Mark the corresponding letter on the
2、Answer Sheet with a single line through the center. Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage: In the United States the way people spend their leisure time is an important part of their identity. Perhaps everybody does nearly the same thing all day in the office or the factory, but leisure
3、 time is what makes people distinct and reveals who they are. Some people like rock music, for example, and others may like jazz or classical music. Some people are runners or swimmers, and others are “couch (睡椅)potatoes who “surf 9 the television channels with a remote control. Some go to museums w
4、hile others spend long hours at a shopping cente匚These kinds of choices are ways that people define themselves. It hasnt always been this way. “Leisure time” was almost unknown in the United States in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries ? When most people worked on farms, the workday was from su
5、nrise to sunset every day except Sunday, which was devoted to church? Later, with the rise of factories and city populations, people worked equally long hours and had only Sunday for rest. Some people did many of the things then that they do now 一attend concerts, have parties, go to restaurants, rea
6、d novels, or play sports 一but to a much lesser extent. Slowly, throughout the twentieth cen tury, leisure time grew ? Tech no logy made farm work less burdensome, and changes in laws shortened the factory work day and week ? New inventions such as the phonograph and the radio gave people access to m
7、usic and mass entertainment on a scale unknown before? People gradually became consumers of entertainment, and businesses competed fiercely for their dollars. For many people leisure time means going somewhere to a museum, to a concert, to a restaurant, or to a baseball game, for example?Or it means
8、 doing something such as playing volleyball, backpacking, swimming, biking, or playing in a park with their children. For other people free time means staying home with wonderful sources of entertainment, such as a VCR, stereo(立 体声系统),or cable TV with dozens of channels. Others pursue creative activ
9、ities such as cooking, gardening, and home improvement. The latest stay-at-home activity is “Surfing the net” that is, looking for information and entertainment on the Internet? People in the United States are basically not much different from others in what they do in their leisure time? The real d
10、ifference may lie in the energy, time, money, and sheer enthusiasm that they devote to it. 1. “The way people spend their leisure time is an important part of their identity” means a.the way people spend their leisure time sometimes exposes their identity card numbers b.its very important to show th
11、eir identity when people are at a place of entertainment c.how people spend their leisure time shows who they are d.they are different from the others at the same place of entertainment by showing their identity card 2. “Couch potatoes、in paragraph 1 refers to those who _ ? a.control their viewing o
12、f TV programs b.are happy watching situation comedies c.watch TV while eating potato chips d? are crazy about watching TV programs 3. According to the passage, in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, some Americans a.worked from sunrise to sunset seven days a week. b? preferred working in factor
13、ies to working on farms c.had many of the leisure time activities that people now have d.fought for shorter working hours and more leisure time 4. Apart from technology, the growing leisure time throughout the twentieth century is also due to _ . a.changes in laws b.mass entertainment c.new types of
14、 con sumption petitive businesses 5. In terms of leisure time activities, people in the United States _ . a.enjoy a larger variety than people in other countries b.are not much different from people in other countries c.enjoy more stay-at-home activities such as “surfing the net” d.are less energeti
15、c and enthusiastic than others Questions 6 to 10 are based on the following passage: Until recently most historians tended to speak very critically of the Industrial Revolution. They admitted that in the long run industrialization greatly raised the standard of living for the common man. But they in
16、sisted poverty that its immediate results during the period from 1750 to 1850 were widespread poverty and emissary for the bulk of the English population ? By contrast, they saw in the preceding hundred years from 1650 to 1750, when England was still a completely agricultural country, a period of gr
17、eat abundance and prosperity? This view, however, is generally thought to be wrong. Specialists in history and economics and experts in the new scienee of demography, or population measurement, have shown two things: that the period from 1650 to 1750 was marked by great poverty and that industrializ
18、ation certainly did not worsen and may have actually improved the conditions for the majority of the populace. 6.According to modern investigation, which of the following was generally considered true? a. The Industrial Revolution brought about great poverty to the bulk of the English populatio n. b
19、. The preceding hundred years before the Industrial Revolution was Marked by great affluence ? c. The immediate results of the industrial revolution were great abundance and prosperity for all the English people? d. The Industrial Revolution did not bring about widespread poverty and misery. 7? Whic
20、h of the following deals principally with statistics on populations? a. populace b. economics c. history d. demography it is your own refusal to see in defeat the guide and encouragement to success. Defeats are nothing to be ashamed of. They are routine incidents in the life of every man who achieve
21、s success. But defeat is a dead loss unless you do face it without humiliation, analyze it and learn why you failed? Defeat, in other words, can help to cure its own cause ? Not only does defeat prepare us for success, but nothing can arouse within us such a compelling desire to success. If you let
22、a baby grasp a rod and try to pull it away, he will cling more and more tightly until his whole weight is suspended. It is this same reaction which should give you new and greater strength every time you defeated .If you exploit the power which defeat gives, you can accomplish with it far more than
23、you are capable of. 11 ? What does the author know? a. He knows at least several cases of success. b. He knows every success in life. c. Its not mentioned in the passage d. He knows every success that has been achieved by man. 12. The person who was able to analyze defeat is likely _ ? a. to achieve
24、 success b. to be a successor c. to be ashamed of his defeat d. to let a baby grasp at rod ? 13. The author _ . a. advises you to confuse defeat with failure b. wants you to mistake defeat for failure c. orders you to confuse defeat with failure d. warns you not to confuse defeat with failure 14. De
25、feat is valuable _ . a. because it makes you fail. b. because it forces you to face it without humiliation c. in that it provides the guide and encouragement to success d. because of your own refusal to see in it the guide and encouragement to success 15. What does the author advice one to do with t
26、he power which defeat gives? One should ? b. explain it d? turn it to practical account Questions 16-20 are based on the following passage: There are some steps you can take yourself to avoid catching a cold. Contrary to popular belief, colds are not caused by exposure to severe weathe匚Colds are cau
27、sed by viruses (病毒)harbored in the body, and yoifre better off out on the ski slopes or even waiting for the bus on a snowy day than you are in a tasty swarm room, surrounded by friends, coworkers, or fellow students, who just may be passing the virus around? If you feel a chill when youre coming do
28、wn with a cold, you 9re already sick. A chill is an early symptom: its the cold that caused the chill, not the other way around. While the virus can spread through droplets propelled into the air when a cold-sufferer cough or sneezes, surprisingly, this is not the most common route of transmission.
29、Numerous studies have now shown that the overwhelming majority of colds are “caught” by hand contact. A cold? sufTerer rubs her nose, thereby transferring the virus to her hand ?Then a friend comes to visit. “Dont kiss mej she cautions, so the friend steps back and presses her hand ? The friend then
30、 swipes her own nose or eye-and several days later is stricken with a cold. Or parents pick up their childs discarded (丢弃了的)tissues and carefully throw then away, but fail to wash their hands afterward ? Cold viruses also can be transferred to objects-telephones, towels, plates-and remain infections
31、 for up to three hours? Frequent hand-washing on the cold-sufferer as well as other members of the household will minimize the spread of viruses in this way. 16. Which of the following steps you take will most probably cause you to catch a cold? a. to stay in a toasty warm room with a lot of people.
32、 b. to expose yourself to severe weather. c. lo be on the ski slopes ? d? lo wait for the bus on a snowy day. 17. Which of the following is NOT true? a. People usually believe that colds are caused by exposure to severe weather. b. Viruses can only spread through air. c. Colds are caused by viruses
33、hidden in the body ? d. Mot colds are “caught by hand contact. 18. To prevent viruses from spreading, we should _ . a. shake hands with our friends instead of kissing them b. never touch the telephones, towels or plates c. often wash our hands d. oflen rub our noses and eyes 19. The man is most like
34、ly to be stricken with a cold if _ ? a. few viruses are harbored in his body b. the infections viruses have been exposed to the air for amore than 3 hours C? he visits his friends in a warm room d. he shakes the hand of a cold-sufferer 20. The best title for this passage might be _ ? a. Colds and Vi
35、ruses b. ways to Avoid Colds c. The Spread of Viruses a. make unfair use of it c. explore it d? Hand Contact and Transmission of Viruses Questions 21-25 are based on the following passage: A unique laboratory at the University of Chicago is busy only at night. It is a dream laboratory where research
36、ers are at work studying dreamers? Their finding have revealed that everyone dreams from three to seven times a night, although in ordinary life a person may remember one or only one of his dreams. While the subjectsusually studentsare asleep, special machines record their brain waves and eye moveme
37、nts as well as the body movements that signal the end of a dream. Surprisingly, all subjects sleep soundly. Observers report that a person usually fidgets (烦躁)before a dream ? Once the dream has started, his body relaxes and his eyes become more active, as if the curtain had gone up on a show. As so
38、on as the machine indicates that the dream is over a buzzer wakens the sleeper. He sits up, records his dream, and goes back to sleep-perhaps to dream some more. Researchers have found that if the dreamer is wakened immediately after his dream, he can usually recall the entire dream. If he is allowe
39、d to sleep even five more minutes, his memory of the dream will have faded. 21. According to the passage, researchers at the university of Chicago are studying _ . a. the content of dreams b. the meaning of dreams c. the process of sleeping d. dreamers while they dream 22. Their findings have reveal
40、ed that _ ? a. everyone dream every night b. dreams are easily remembered c. dreams are likely to be frightening 23. The researchers were surprised to find that _ ? a. dream memories are often incomplete b. persons sleep soundly while they dream c. sleepers relax while dreaming d? dreamers can recor
41、d their own dreams 24. Just before a dream a sleeper will usually _ ? a. relax b. lie perfectly still c. fidget d. make more eye movements 25. In the dream laboratory, the dreams are recorded _ ? a. as soon as the student wakes in the morning b. at stated intervals during the night c. about five min
42、utes after the end of each dream d? immediately after each dream Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage ? Psychology is the study of the mind and mental activities. For example, psychologists are interested in why some things make you sad, but others make you happy ? They want to know
43、 why some people are shy, but others are quite talkative. They want to know why people do the things that they do. They also test intelligence. Psychologists deal with the minds and behavior of people. Your mind consists of all your feelings, thoughts, and ideas ? It is the result of one part of the
44、 brain called the cerebrum (大月商) . Your behavior is the way you act or conduct yourself. Examples of behavior include shouting, crying, laughing and sleeping. Several people have been instrumental in the field of psychology ? Wilhelm Wundt stet up the first psychological laboratory in Leipzing, Germ
45、any, in 1879. Ivan Pavlor, a Russian, is noted for his experiments with dogs in which he studied their reflexes and reactions. Around 1900, Sigmund Freud stated his theory that people try to repress (push out of the mind, hide) any memories or thoughts that they believed were no good? Psychologists
46、should not be confused with psychiatrists. Psychiatrists deal only with mental illness. They are medical doctors who treat people. 26. A good title for this section is _ . a. Studying the mind. b. Memories and People. c. Famous Psychologists. d. The behavior of People. 27. The word “shy,in paragraph
47、 1 means _ . a. happy b? quiet c. sad d. angry 28. We may conclude that psychologists _ ? a. study physical disease as well b. are not medical doctors c. deal with animals more often than with people d. are medical doctors 29. Pavlor worked with _ ? a. people b. dogs 30. The cerebrum controls _ ? a.
48、 the mind c. lhe field of psychology Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage: The general principles of dynamics are rules which demonstrate a relationship between the motions of bodies and the forces which produce these motions. Based in large part on the work of his predecessors, Sir
49、 Issac Newton deduced three laws of dynamics which he published in 1687 in his famous Principia. Prior to Newton, Aristotle had established that the natural state of a body was a state of rest, and that unless a force acted upon it to maintain motion, a moving body would come to rest. Galileo had succeeded in coiTectly describing the behavior of falling objects and in recording that no force was required to maintain a body in motion. He noted that the effect of force was to change mot
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