高考英语真题解析分项版汇编专题11科普类阅读理解.pdf
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1、2011 年高考英语试题考点分项解析阅读理解分类汇编之科普知识类 (2011湖南卷) C A recent study of ancient and modern elephant has come up with the unexpected conclusion that the African elephant is divided into two distinct ( 不同的)species The discovery was made by researchers at York and Harvard University when they were examing the g
2、enetic relationship between the ancient woolly mammoth and mastodon modern elephantsthe Asian elepphant, African forest elephant, and African savanna elephant. Once they obastain DNA sequences (序列) from two fossils(化石) ,mammoths and mastodons, the team comparted them with DNA from modern elephants.
3、They found their amazement that mordern forest and savanna elephants are as distinct from each other as Asian elephants and mammoths. The scientists used detailed genetic analysis to prove that the African savanna elephant and the African forest elephant have been distinct species for several millio
4、n years. The divergence of the two species took place around the time of the divergence of Asian elephants and woolly mammoths. This result amazed all the scientists. There has long been debate in the scientific community that the two might be separate species, but this is the most convincing scient
5、ific evidence so far that they are indeed different species. Previously, many naturalists believed that African savanna elephants and African forest elephants were two populationgs of the same species, despite the elephants significant size differences. The savanna elephant has an average shoulder h
6、eight of 3.5 metres while the forest elephant has an averate shoulder double the weight of the forest elephant. But the fact that they look so differrent does not neccssarily mean they are different species. However the prooflay in the analysisi of the DNA. Alfried Roca, assitant professor in the De
7、partment of Animal Sciences at t he University of Illinois, said, “We now have to treat the forest and savanna elephants as two difficult units for conservation purpose. Since 1950, all Afican elephants have been conserved as one species. Now that we know the forest and savanna elephants have been d
8、istinct animals, the forest elephant should become a bigger priority(优先) for conservation purposes.” 66.One of the fossiles studied by the researchers is that of . A. the Asian elephant B. the forest elephant C. the savanna elephant D. the maslodon elephant 67. The underlined word “divergence” in Pa
9、ragraph 4 means “. ” A. evolution B. exhibition C. separation D. examination 68. The researchers conclusion was based on a study of the African elephants. A. DNA B. height C. weight D. population 69. What are Alfred Rocas words mainly about? A. The conservation of Afican elephant B. The purpose of s
10、tudying Afican elephant C. The way to divide Afican elephants into two units D. The renson for the distinction of African elephants 70.Which of the following can be the best tille for the passage? A. Naturalist Beliefs about Elephants B. Amazing Experiments about Elephants C. An Unexpected Finding a
11、hout Elephants D. A Long Scientifif Debate about Elephants 【文章大意】本文为说明文。最近的一项研究表明非洲大象被分为两种截然不同的物种。 66.D 细节理解题。根据第三段的第一句Once they obtained DNA sequences(序列) from two fossils(化石 ),mammoths and mastodons 可知答案为D。 67.C 词义猜测题。前面一句讲到了这两种大象分离成不同的物种已有数百万年了,由此 可判断 divergence在此是“分离”之意。 68.A 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的最后一句可
12、知研究人员的结论是在检测非洲大象 DNA 的基础上得出来的。 69.A 推理判断题。根据最后一段的内容可知Alfred Roca 的话主要讲的是对不同的非洲大 象要分别采取不同的保护措施。 70.C 主旨大意题。根据本文的主题句(第一段)可知选C。 (2011江西卷) D Why should mankind explore space? Why should money, time and effort be spent exploring and researching something with so few apparent benefits? Why should resource
13、s be spent on space rather than on conditions and people on Earth? These are questions that, understandably, are very often asked. Perhaps the best answer lies in our genetic makeup(基因构成 ) as human beings. What drove our ancestors to move from the trees into the plains, and on into all possible area
14、s and environments? The wider the spread of a species, the better its chance of survival. Perhaps the best reason for exploring space is this genetic tendency to expand wherever possible. Nearly every successful civilization has explored, because by doing so, any dangers in surrounding areas can be
15、identified and prepared for. Without knowledge, we may be completely destroyed by the danger. With knowledge, we can lessen its effects. Exploration also allows minerals and other potential ( 潜在的 ) resources to be found. Even if we have no immediate need of them, they will perhaps be useful later. R
16、esources may be more than physical possessions. Knowledge or techniques have been acquired through exploration. The techniques may have medical applications which can improve the length or quality of our lives. We have already benefited from other spin-offs including improvements in earthquake predi
17、ction, in satellites for weather forecasting and in communications systems. Even non-stick pans and mirrored sunglasses are by-products (副产品 ) of technological developments in the space, the chance to save ourselves might not exist. While many resources are spent on what seems a small return, the ex
18、ploration of space allows creative, brave and intelligent members of our species to focus on what may serve to save us. While space may hold many wonders and explanations of how the universe was formed or how it works, it also holds dangers. The danger exists, but knowledge can help human being to s
19、urvive. Without the ability to reach out across space, the chance to save ourselves might not exist. While Earth is the only planet known to support life, surely the adaptive ability of humans would allow us to live on other planets. It is true that the lifestyle would be different, but human life a
20、nd cultures have adapted in the past and surely could in the future. 71. Why does the author mention the questions in Paragraph1? A. To express his doubts. B. To compare different ideas. C. To introduce points for discussion. D. To describe the conditions on Earth. 72. What is the reason for explori
21、ng space based on Paragraph2? A. Humans are nature-born to do so. B. Humans have the tendency to fight. C. Humans may find new sources of food. D. Humans don t like to stay in the same place. 73. The underlined word “spin -offs ” in Paragraph 4 probably refers to_. A. survival chances B. potential r
22、esources C. unexpected benefits D. physical possessions 74. What makes it possible for humans to live on other planets? A. Our genetic makeup. B. Resources on the earth C. The adaptive ability of humans. D. By-products in space exploration. 75. Which of the statements can best sum un the passage? A.
23、 Space exploration has created many wonders. B. Space exploration provided the best value for money. C. Space exploration may help us avoid potential problems on Earth. D.Space exploratino may help us avoid potential problem on Earth. 【文章大意】 人类为什么要探寻太空的奥妙?为什么在探索之路上花去如此多的时间、金 钱和精力?本文作者将为你解答。 (2011江苏卷
24、) C According to the US government, wind farms off the Pacific coast could produce 900 gig watts of electricity every year.Unfortunately,the water there is far too deep for even the tallest windmills(see picture)to touch bottom. An experiment under way off the coast of Norway,however,could help put
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