中考形容词、副词复习与练习(重要).pdf
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1、第页 共 8 页1 中考形容词副词专项复习 学习目标: 1. 注意形容词、副词在句中的作用。 2比较级与最高级的构成,一些不规则变化,以及用法。 3掌握有关形容词与副词的一些句型及用法。 4形容词修饰不定代词的用法。 一、形容词:用来说明或修饰名词、代词的词称为形容词。 1、形容词 的句法作用 :作句子中名词的定语、句子的表语以及宾语补足语。 2、形容词在句子中的位置 : 作定语时放在名词的前面 。形容词修饰名词。 如: a big yellow wooden Chinese ship(一个黄色的大型中国木船) 前置形容词(作定语)的顺序为: 冠词 +描述性形容词(pretty/ugly/ki
2、nd等) +表特征形容词(大形新年色)+专属形容词(国籍等)+ 材料+名词 作表语时放在连系动词之后,构成系表结构。如:The idea sounds great . 连系动词主要有:be(am, is, are), look( 看起来 ), sound(听起来) , smell(闻起来) , taste(尝起来) , feel(感到,摸起来). 作宾语补足语时放在宾语之后。 如: We must try our best to keep our environment clean. keep/find/make/think+宾语 +形容词(作宾补) 后置的情况: 修饰复合不定代词时放在代词之
3、后。 如: Something serious has happened to him.(他发生了严重的事故) 与表示 “ 长、宽、高、重、老、远离” 的词连用时形容词后置。 如: He s 1.8 metres tall .(他身高 1.8 米。 ) The moon is about 380,000 kilometres away from the earth.(月球离地38 万公里 ) 二、副词 :用来说明事情发生时间、地点、 原因、 方式等含义或说明其它形容词或副词程度的词叫做副词。 1、副词在句子中的位置以及作用: (副词可以修饰动词、形容词或副词,也可放句首修饰整个句子。) 作状语
4、 : 时间副词 :一般放在句首或句尾,注意 ,early 、late、before、later 、yet 等一般放在句尾,already 、 just 一般放在动词的前面。 频度副词 :一般放在be 动词之后或者助动词与主要动词之间,但 sometimes、often 等还可以放 在句首或句尾,usually 可放在句首 ,once 可放在句尾 ,twice、 three times 等一般放在句尾。 方式副词 :一般放在行为动之后,suddenly 可以放在句首、 句尾或动词之前。如:Old people can hardly walk as quickly as young people.
5、(老年人几乎不可能走得和年轻人一样快) / Suddenly he saw a light in the dark cave(山洞 ).(突然 ,在黑黢黢的山洞里,他看见了一丝亮光) 地点副词 : 一般放在句尾 ,但 here、 there 还可放在句首。 如: There you can see thousands of bikes running in all directions( 方向 ).(在那里 ,你可以看到成千上万的自行车朝各个方向流动) / The frightened wolf ran away.(受到惊吓的狼逃开了)/ He walked out quietly and t
6、urned back soon.(他悄悄地走了出去,很快又返回 ) (2)作表语: 地点副词一般可以作表语,放在 be 等连系动词之后,说明人物所处的位置。如:I m very sorry he isn t in at the moment. (很抱歉 ,他此刻不在家)/ I have been away from my hometown for nearly 20 years. (我离开家乡有将近20 年了 ) / Jim is over there. (吉姆就在那边 ) 第页 共 8 页2 (3)作定语:时间副词 (如 now、 then)以及许多地点副词都可以作名词的定语,放在名词的后面
7、。 如: People now often have their festival dinners at restaurants. (现在的人们经常在餐馆里吃节日晚宴) / Women there were living a terrible life in the 1920s.(在二十世纪20 年代的女人过着可怕的日子) (4)作宾语补足语:地点副词一般可以作宾语补足语。如:Put your dirty socks away, Jim! They are giving out bad smell!(吉姆 ,把你的脏袜子拿开!它们在散发着臭气。) / Father kept him in an
8、d doing his lessons .(父亲把他关在家里做作业) 注意 “ 动词 +副词 ” 的宾语如果是代词,则代词放在动词与副词之间,如果宾语是名词则可以放中间, 也可放后面 。 如: He wrote down the word.(他写下了那个词。)He wrote it down. (他把它写了下来。) 类似的有:put it/them on take it/them off turn it/them on/off hand it/them in 三、形容词、副词的原级、比较级和最高级 1、分类 :形容词和副词有原级、比较级和最高级 三级。 原级变为比较级和最高级有规则变化和不规则
9、变化两种。 2、规则变化 : (1)单音节和部分双音节形容词和副词,在原级的后面加上er,est 构成比较级和最高级。 a)直接加 er,est :b)以重读闭音节结尾的,要双写最后一个辅音字母,后加 er,est: c)以辅音字母 +y 结尾的 ,先把 y 改为 i 再加上 er,est: (2)两个音节或两个以上的音节的,在原级前加more / most. 3、不规则变化 : 原级比较级最高级 good 好的 better 更好的best 最好的 well 好; (身体 )好的 , bad, badly 糟糕的 ,糟糕地worse 更糟糕的 ,更糟糕地; (身体 )更不舒服的 worst最
10、糟糕的 ,最糟糕地; (身体 )最不舒服的ill (身体 )不舒服的 many 许多的 (可数 ) more 更多的;更most 最多的;最 much 许多的 (不可数 );非常 little 少的less 更少的least 最少的 far 远的;远地 farther更远的;更远地farthest 最远的;最远地 further进一步的 (地) furthest最深刻的 (地) 4、形容词和副词的原级、比较级和最高级的用法: 级 别 比较程度表达方式和意义例句备注 原 级 同 等 程 度 肯 定 形 式 As+原级 +as (像 一样 ) Art is as interesting as mu
11、sic. Play as well as you can. 否 定 形 式 not + so (as) + 原级 +as (不如 那样 ) English is not so difficult as science. She does not think swimming is as interesting as hiking. 注意 I don t think 否定前 移句型 第页 共 8 页3 比 较 级 不同程度 (用于两者比 较) 比较级 +than (比) Jim is older than Luky. I like pork better than beef. 比较级前面 可以加
12、 much, far, even, still, a lot, a little, a bit 等 程度加深 比较级 +and+ 比较级 (越来越 ) The + 比较级, the + 比 较级 (越 , 越 ) He is growing taller and taller. He studies better and better. The more books she reads, the better she understand. 最 高 级 最高程度 (用于三者或 三者以上) The +最高级 +of (in) (最) Spring is the best season of th
13、e year. Lin Tao jumped (the) farthest of all. 副词最高级 前 面 的the 往往省略 注意:有些形容词,如dead, empty, round, sure, woolen 等受本身含义的限制,没有比较级。 5、形容词比较级与最高级的特殊用法举例: His bike is newer than hers. (见到 than 必须用比较级) Jim is the tallest in our class.( 在 班 集 等 集 体 内 用 介 词in来 表 示 比 较 的 范 围 ) Jim is the tallest of all (the stu
14、dens) . (见到 of all 要用最高级 ) = Of all the students, Jim is the tallest. Jim is the tallest of the three. (见到 of the three 要用最高级 ) Which is bigger, a tiger or a monkey ? ( 两者比用比较级) Which is the biggest, a tiger, a dog or a monkey ? (三者或三者以上比用最高级) This ruler is short , Please give me a longer one . I d
15、like the bigger (one)of the two cakes .(两者中 “ 较” 用“ the+ 比较级 ” ) Tom is two years older than I. 汤姆比我大两岁。 Tom is twice as old as I. 汤姆的年龄是我的两倍。 The number of the students in our school is bigger/larger/smaller than yours. 我们学校的学生数目比你们学校大/小。 (两个数量 /目只级比较大小,不能比较多少 (价格 price 只能比较高低,用“ high ”或“ low ”,不能比
16、较贵或便宜) 6、比较级与最高级的互换 Jim is taller than any other boy in our class.(吉姆比我们班上任何一个男孩都高) = Jim is taller than t he other boys in our class.(在我们班上吉姆其它的男孩高) = Jim is taller than any of the other boys in our class. = Jim is the tallest boy in our class.(吉姆是我们班最高的) . Jim is taller than any girl in our class.
17、(吉姆比我们班的任何一个女孩都高) .Tom isn t as/so tall as Mike. = Tom is shorter than Mike. = Mike is taller than Tom. = Tom is less tall than Mike. .This book is n t as/so interesting as that book. =This book is less interesting than that book =That book is more interesting than this book. 7、比较级前常用的修饰语: 第页 共 8 页4
18、 比较级前常用a bit/a little(一点),much/a lot (非常) ,even/far( 更加 ),stil l 等词语表示程度。而表示 数量的 more 之前还可以加some/ any/ no/ one/ two/ many/ several/ a lot等词。例如: She is a little taller than I (me). Rose is much more careful than Tom Would you like some more coffee?( 你还要些咖啡吗?) He did not eat any more.( 他没有再吃 ) 8、使用形容词
19、和副词比较级和最高级应注意事项: 1. than 必须放在形容词比较级的后面。 2. 形容词的最高级前必须有the, 而副词的最高级前the 可以省略。 3. 在进行比较时,必须是同类事物相比较。 His ruler is longer than I. ( 错) His ruler is longer than mine.( 对 ) The weather here is hotter than that in Beijing.(that 不能少 ) 形容词专项练习一 ()1. It was _ weather that they decided to go out for a picnic武
20、汉市 A. such fine B. such a fine C. so fine D. so fine a ()2. My parents will go there by taxi because it is raining_.武汉市 A. badly B. hardly C. probably D. heavily ()3. Daniel is a careful driver, but he drives _ of my friends. 武汉市 A. more carefully B. the most carefully C. less carefully D. the least
21、 carefully ()4. Mrs King kept weighing herself to see how much_she was getting. 武汉市 A. heavy B. heavier C. the heavier D. the heaviest ()5. Did you watch the basketball match last weekend? Yes, I did. It was covered_, and I think it was wonderful. 武汉市 A. live B. alive C living D. lively ()6. The gir
22、ls voice sounds_. Maybe she can become a good singer when she grows up. 武汉市 A. sweet B. sweetly C. beautifully ()7. How are you today, Bob?Im even_now. I dont think the medicine is good for me. 武汉市 A. better B. worse C. happier D. unluckier ()8. Billy has all kinds of different ideas. He is_to be a
23、famous writer. 武汉市 A. enough creative B. creative enough C. energetic enough D. enough energetic ()9. Helen learns to dance three times a week. Now she dances_Anita does. 武汉市 A. so good as B. as well as C. as good as D. so well as ()10. When the fire broke out, many people were so_that they ran_. 武汉
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