中考英语任务型阅读题讲练.pdf
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1、中考英语任务型阅读解题思路与技巧 任务型阅读理解是根据任务型教学设计而成的,它是介于任务理解与书面表达之间的 一种题型。 它要求学生在阅读文章后能对文章中某些细节做到准确把握或对整篇文章进行 提炼概括,是一种读写结合的题型。这种题型既考查学生的阅读理解能力,也考查学生的 分析问题、解决问题的能力,还考查学生运用英语语言将有关内容以文字形式正确地表达 出来的能力。 纵观去年的中考试题,不难发现阅读材料难度整体适中,材料后的题目设计难度并不 很大,但是学生在实际做题过程中,经常会犯一些错误,导致不必要的失分。因此我们有 必要让同学们掌握一些解题方法。完成任务型阅读的过程就是:阅读(信息输入) 判断
2、、 分析、概括、推理(信息加工与处理)答题(信息输出)。具体说来,任务型阅读的解 题策略包括以下几个方面: 一、确定阅读任务 任务型阅读一般提供一段或几段阅读材料,在材料后设置5 个任务,做题时我们应 先阅读所给的任务,明确任务是什么,再带着任务去阅读材料,这样就能做到心中有数, 有针对性的去读,并能提高阅读效率。 二、读全文,了解大意 明确任务后, 应迅速阅读全文来了解文章主要内容,以及文章的感情基调、作者的意 图、态度倾向。 三、仔细阅读题干,带着问题复读原文 要仔细阅读题干(即问题),明白问题的指向。读完问题,就应该能判断出问题的设 计是针对一个单词、一句话、一段话,还是全文。试题的题干
3、决定了答题时不同的阅读范 围,尤其值得注意。 四、仔细研读细节,答题必须符合题目要求 任务型阅读不仅考查学生阅读理解层面的能力,更加注重考查学生“ 写” 的能力。 若是 写单词,则要注意拼写正确,词形、词性有无变化,是否需要大写;若所要完成的是短语 或句子成分,则需谨慎对待,依据所给题干分析要完成的是什么句子成分,需用什么样的 表达方式,不可简单草率地将文中信息直接挪用。 任务型阅读的主要题型及答题策略: 1、根据短文回答问题 找准相应的段落,节选有用的句子。 根据答题需要,把有用的句子进行合理地整合,尽量简洁。 2、句型转换 (主要是复合句与简单句的转换) sothat too to eno
4、ugh to 宾语从句疑问词+ to do 简单句宾语从句 主动、被动互换 时间状语从句互换:after+ 从句 not until + 从句 ,并列句与复合句转换(尤其 是条件状语从句): 3、同义句转换 这类题目注意词的固定搭配、习惯用法、词语释义。根据释义写文中出现的单词, 注意词性、词形。来源于文章,但要注意变形。一般而言,名词用单数,动词用原形, 形容词与副词一般用原级。 4、就划线部分提问 这部分题要注意疑问词的运用以及时态的综合运用,平时要注意所学疑问词的具体意 思,如: what( 什么 ),how( 怎样 ),where( 哪里 ), how long( 多久 ),how o
5、ften( 多久一次 ) 等等。 5、概括文章的大意或给文章添加标题 从文章中找出能概括文章中心思想的主题句。注意文章的标题、开头与结尾。 注意出现频率较高的词,这就很有可能是主题词,通过分析主题词在本文的意义, 结合文中主题词所在的一些相关句子,整合出主题句。 总之,任务型阅读理解不同于传统的阅读理解,它介于阅读理解与写作之间,教师应 该适应新课改的要求,掌握任务型阅读理解的特点,在复习阶段,可整合课本中的课文内 容进行任务型阅读训练,加强学生任务型阅读能力的培养。 【典型训练】 1 任务型阅读理解:仔细阅读下面的短文并按要求完成后面的小题。 Just as in face-to-face
6、communication, there are some basic rules of behavior(行为 ) that should be followed on the Internet. The basic rule is simple: treat others in the same way you would want to be treated. Imagine how you d feel if you were in the other person s shoes. For anything you re about to send: ask yourself, “
7、WouldI say that to the person s face?” If the answer is no, rewrite and reread. If someone in the chat room is rude to you, you needn t to fire back. You should either ignore(不理睬 ) the person, or use your chat software to block their messages. Remember to respect the beliefs and opinions of others i
8、n the chat room. Offer advice when asked by newcomers, as they may not be sure what to do or how to communicate. When someone makes a mistake, be kind about it. If you do decide to tell someone about the mistake, point it out politely. At the same time, if you find you are wrong, be sure to correct
9、yourself and apologize to those that you have offended( 冒犯 ).询问别人诸如年 龄、性别和家庭情况等隐私问题是不礼貌的。Unless you know the person very well, and you are both comfortable with sharing perso nal information, or don t ask such questions. 76. In the chat room we must respect others _ and _. 77. When you find you make
10、 a mistake in the chat room, what should you do? _ 78.将划线部分 翻译成汉语 _ 79.选择一个适当的句子放在处_ A. First impressions last longest. B. Everyone was new to the network once. C. The internet has opened up a whole new world for us. D. Even if you feel strongly about it, think twice before saying anything. 80.将划线部分
11、 翻译成英语: Key: 76. beliefs, opinions 77. I should correct myself and apologize to those that I have offended. 78. 你要设身处地为别人着想。 79. B 80. It is impolite to task others personal questions such as their age, sex and families. 2 阅读短文。然后根据题目要求及所给语境完成下列四项任务。 Co-operation(合作 )is always needed when you make a
12、 project that the teacher gives you First, discuss all you would like to do with your classmates Choose one of the members to write down what!you re talking about Then, with the ideas you get, list all you want Everyone shares tlle duty for the project You can collect information not only from books
13、 but also on the IntemetMaking a sunrey(调查 )and doing a research are also good ways After that ,all the members put what has been found together Try to make the project more well organizedIn the end,you can give a report in front of your class to show the results of your hard work 根据英文释义及首字母提示。拼写单词。
14、 71.i_plan;opinion 72.s_use,pay or have something with others 同义旬转换。每空一词。 You can collect information not only from books but also on the Intemet You Can collect information 73_from books 74_on the Intemet 根据短文内容简答问题。 What can you give in front of your class to show the results of your hard work? 75
15、_ Key: 71 idea 72share 73both 74and 75A report 任务性阅读专项练习 1 Today it is found that most middle school students pay little attention to sports. It s because they have no interest in sports? It may not be the fact. They often say they have other more important things to do. What are these important thi
16、ngs? Exams! They usually spend over ten hours a day revising for exams. So many of them almost become bookworms. In the summer holidays they could hardly do anything they like. Books _ them from going in for _. 因为来自父母和老师的压力,他们不得不更 加努力学习 . As for the students themselves, they want to get good results
17、 so that they can go further for their studies. They don t have to put all their effort into studying and give up all the sports and hobbies . In fact, education cannot go without physical exercise, because a quick mind hardly goes along a week body. All the students should remem ber: If you don t h
18、ave a strong body, you can never achieve anything, let alone a great success in your life. 1、在句的空白处填入适当的词使句意完整,上下文通顺。 2、将句译成英文。 _ 3、将句译成中文 _ 4、写出与下列句子意思相近的句子: It usually takes them more than ten hours to revise for exams. _ 5、找出文中或写出最能表达该短文主题的句子。 _ 2 Hundreds of years ago, life was much harder than
19、it is today. People didn t have modern machines. There was no modern medicine, either. Life today has brought new problems. One of the biggest problems is pollution. Water pollution has made our rivers and lakes dirty. It killed our fish and _a_ our drinking water. _b_ pollution makes us talk louder
20、 and become angry more easily. Air pollution is the most serious kind of pollution. It s hard to all the living things in the world. Cars, planes and factories all pollute our air every day, ( 2) sometimes the polluted air is so thick that it is like a quilt( 被子 ) over a city. This kind of quilt is
21、called smog. Many countries are making rules to flight pollution. Factories must now clean their water before it is poured away, they mustn t blow dirty smoke into the air. We need to do many other things. We can put waste things in the dustbin and not throw it on the ground. We can go to work by bu
22、s or with our friends in the same car, (3)开车的人少了, 空气污染就少了。 1. 在横线上填入适当的单词a._ b. _.( 每空一词 ) 2. 将句子 (2)译成汉语 _ 3. 将句子 (3)译成英语 _ 4. 找出 Dirty water must be stopped from dumping into the river. 的同义句 . _ 5. 找出或写出能概括本文大意的句子。 _ _ 3 All living things on the earth need other living things to live with. Nothing
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