2019版高考英语语法专题突破全国全解析专项训练:专题5数词和主谓一致含解析精品.pdf
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1、1(2017 全国卷,67)Fast food _ (be) full of fat and salt; by eating more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet. 答案: isfast food “快餐”,表示一类食物,为不可数名词, 谓语动词用单数形式。 2(2017 江苏高考, 24)The publication of Great Expectations, which _ (be) both widely reviewed and highly praised, st
2、rengthened Dickens status as a leading novelist. 答案: was关系代词 which 指代的是先行词 Great Expectations, 是一本书,再根据strengthened可知需用一般过去时。 3(2016 全国卷, 63)Leaving the less important things until tomorrow _ (be) often acceptable. 答案: is本句中动名词短语作主语谓语动词用单数,且此处描 述作者的观点,应用一般现在时。 4(2016 全国卷, 69)Confucius believed knive
3、s would remind people of killings and _ (be) too violent for use at the table. 答案: werebelieved 后跟一个宾语从句, and 连接了两个并列 的谓语,主语 knives 是复数概念, 根据时态一致的原则, 这里用一般 过去时,故填 were。 5(2015 江苏高考, 30)The real reason why prices _ and still are, too high is complex, and no short discussion can satisfactorily explain
4、 this problem. 答案: were根据句中的 “and still are(现在仍然是 )”可以得知 过去也是一样的情形,故用were。 6(2017 全国卷,短文改错 )In the summer holiday following my eighteen birthday, I took driving lessons. _ 答案:eighteeneighteenth表示“第十八个生日 ”应用序数词。 一、数词 (一)基数词的用法 1基数词在句中可作主语、宾语、定语、同位语和表语。 Three of us have been to Guangzhou. Id like two
5、sweaters for my daughter. The desk is for you two. How old are you? Im twelve. 2基数词表示具体数目时,hundred, thousand, million 用单数。 在表示“数百”“数千”“数百万”等不确定数目时,在hundreds, thousands, millions后接“of名词复数”。 The Great Wall is over six thousand kilometers long. Those mountains are thousands of metres high. 3表示“几十”的基数词的
6、复数形式,可用来表示某人的岁数 或年代。 He went to the United States in his twenties. 4“基数词名词”构成的合成形容词作定语,其中的名词用 单数。 two-month holiday 两个月的假 (二)序数词的用法 1 序数词前要加定冠词the, 在句中作定语放在被修饰的名词前。 The second lesson is more difficult than the first. 2序数词前加不定冠词a/an,表示“再一,又一”的意思。 He cast it a third time, and drew in a lot of stones.
7、3给东西编号时,序号在前用序数词,序号在后用基数词。 The Fifth Lesson, Lesson Five 第五课 No. 14 middle school 十四中 注意: 房间号码和电话号码要一个一个分别读。 Room 203 (读作 room two o three) 754662(读作 seven five four double six two) 4分数表示法 分子用基数词,分母用序数词。分子是1 时,分母用单数;分子 大于 1 时,分母用复数。 1 4one-fourth 或 a quarter 3 4three-fourths 1 2a half 或 one half 2 5
8、two-fifths 11 5one and one- fifth (三)年份、日期、时刻读法 1年份四位数通常分两组来读 1996 读作 nineteen ninety-six 1905 读作 nineteen o five或 nineteen and five 2000 读作 two thousand 2日期用序数词表示 July 3rd 读作 July the third November 25th读作 November the twenty-fifth December 1st读作 December the first 世纪也用序数词表示:the 20th century 3时刻 时刻
9、有两种读法:一是直接读数字,先说钟点数,后说分钟数; 二是先说分钟数,后说钟点数。用介词past 表示几点过几分 (不超过 半小时 )或用 to 表示几点差几分 (超过半小时,还差多少分钟到下一个 钟点)。 4:10 four ten/ten past four 5:15 five fifteen/a quarter past five 6:30 six thirty/half past six 7:45 seven forty-five/a quarter to eight 二、主谓一致 主语和谓语一致, 主要是谓语动词必须和作主语的名词或人称代 词在人称和数上保持一致。 主谓一致通常有语法
10、一致、 意义一致和就 近一致三个原则。 主谓一致的常考点 .单句语法填空 1All we need _ (be) a small piece of land where we can plant various kinds of fruit trees throughout the growing seasons of the year. 答案: iswe need是一个省略了关系代词that 的定语从句。先 行词 all即句子的主语,是不定代词,且由设空后的 a small piece of land 可知,谓语动词需用单数形式is。 2Either you or one of your s
11、tudents _ (be) to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow. 答案: is句意:你或者你的一位学生务必要参加明天召开的会 议。 根据就近原则谓语动词的人称和数根据one of your students而定。 3Dr Smith, together with his wife and daughters, _ (be) going to visit Beijing this summer. 答案: is句意:今年夏天,史密斯博士,要和他的妻子和女儿 们一起游览北京。 together with his wife and daughters
12、短语补充说明主 语,谓语动词应和主语保持一致。 4Listening to loud music at rock concerts _ (cause) hearing loss in some teenagers. 答案:has caused 动名词短语作主语, 谓语动词需用单数形式。 根据语境可知该句子应用现在完成时。 5Not he but you _ (be) to be fired. And not only you but also I am to be fired this time. 答案: arenot (only) . but(also) 连接并列主语,谓语依据“就 近一致
13、”原则,故填 are。 6Mr Black, as well as the professor who _ (come) from Beijing University, _ (be) to attend our school meeting. 答案: comes; is第一空为定语从句的谓语动词,应与先行词一 致,the professor是单数,故谓语动词用单数;第二空是主句的谓语 动词,主语是 Mr Black ,谓语动词用单数,且本句描述一般情况,应 用一般现在时。 7The population of Jiangsu _ (have) grown to more than twice
14、 what it was in 1949. The figure is now approaching 74 million. 答案: hasThe population of . “ 的人口 ”作主语时,谓语 动词用单数。 840% of the students in our school _ (be) from the other parts of Hunan, which _ (be) a relatively large number. 答案: are; is句意:我们学校百分之四十的学生来自湖南的其 他地方,这是一个相对较大的数量。分数或百分数作主语时,谓语动 词应依据分数或百分数
15、所指代的名词而定,本句第一空 40%指代的是 the students ,故谓语动词应用复数;第二空which 指代的是先行词 40%本身,故谓语动词应用单数,且句子描述一般事实,应用一 般现在时。 9Why is the chemical plant closed? Because large quantities of waste water _ (release) into the Yangtze River. 答案: have been released “(large) quantities of不可数名词 /可 数名词 ”作主语, 谓语动词需用复数,有类似用法的还有 amounts
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