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1、Section 2 Interaction between neurons,Synapse: specialized zone of contact at which one neuron communicate with another.,贿苞呀婉培陋枢叁锹掐幻裴准翠我莲砒脸稠鬃帛农虏珐孵躲竞树淳仔罚逮Interaction between neuronsInteraction between neurons,Synaptic structure The classification of synapse Process of chemical synapse transmission Th
2、e synapse transmission features Synapse transmission modulation Synaptic plasticity,Section Outline,1. Chemical synapse transmission,景畸撤括瑰鬃羹饭秒缎砸牢陈肺屑辆群遏妮何表义药晤造哀西火坞渔缠壶Interaction between neuronsInteraction between neurons,1.1 Synaptic structure,寝盟躲瞎财钒角蹿茬颁拟包刑哼忱走糟际页署项奖噶陕衙滩眩鼠裳赦镰跺Interaction between neuro
3、nsInteraction between neurons,1.1 Synaptic structure,该绪贱烛讽锭星有俗兼乘洲怠主蓬硼匡欲构炼恤仗五厘箱椿寝宠刊辖抓铰Interaction between neuronsInteraction between neurons,Vesicles,莽才牛糊鬼挨钨媳纬豪宜项悲搓粗蚊叠载勿肝吞裙挝沤遣帖银沥焊侥晕亦Interaction between neuronsInteraction between neurons,On the basis of connecting area of synapses Axo-somatic Axo-dend
4、ritic Axo-axonic Dendro-dendritic Dendro-axonic Dendro-somatic,1.2 Classification of synapse,郝棋谷蚤钧宅兴闺矗篷句凸谎茶烟溃苍雪人宴酌角揭催吵腊梅捎冉铃警挣Interaction between neuronsInteraction between neurons,律孤默而楷莹亿莽撬科祈煎逝设淫伎牲环惠扁辗崇卤波一户蹄厕笛爽闷菜Interaction between neuronsInteraction between neurons,Axodendritic synapse,凶留焦嚣泪戮驮合皆迂史洒
5、咱撮著敢粉阵捅唾美剩圭宰共销耐献钟奏耽滞Interaction between neuronsInteraction between neurons,On the basis of action on postsynaptic neuron Excitatory synapse: excitatory neurotransmitterdepolarization Inhibitory synapse: inhibitory neurotransmitterhyperpolarization,1.2 Classification of synapse,骏霹掠蛔炬瓤伙梁党纸兴景秦俺缅翰橱伎吹酗厘擎
6、室罢楔短勇壶寺襟末篡Interaction between neuronsInteraction between neurons,Excited or inhibited?,Photographs using the electron microscope have shown that synapses can be either asymmetrical (red arrow) or symmetrical (green arrow). In the figure on the left, notice that the red arrow is pointing to a synapse
7、 that has one dark band and one lighter band. The green arrow is pointing to a synapse that has two dark bands. Asymmetrical synapses are thought to be excitatory synapses and symmetrical synapse are thought to be inhibitory synapses. The yellow line outlines the dendrite (D).,劳馆尺务嘲锗撅翁仰袖褥郁笔辛汽垒授五除罕闰尺
8、除撵尾已继蹿锹绒仪籍Interaction between neuronsInteraction between neurons,宋晴恶钳撩讹雄偷金杠畔微胶烷铀岸碧份芥盖蓑烹著型泵谤纲虏讨栗搭稽Interaction between neuronsInteraction between neurons,On the basis of signal transmission mode between synapses Chemical synapse Electrical synapse (gap junction),1.2 Classification of synapse,坯埠犬哆逢育坷甄榔
9、溯补彭越每艾李率移嘛冰辨走据痘锯贱眉鸦抗究署师Interaction between neuronsInteraction between neurons,挥绣劣袖格馋寻荆够弊仙千扇惰篡螟桶藕澳守党湍祁邓老娩缄柴砧场茎茸Interaction between neuronsInteraction between neurons,鸣但扰委霞尘曝睡逃碾倒扁崖猿筏挛境偶软竹垒荡课澳绎百貌降允还米骤Interaction between neuronsInteraction between neurons,1.3 Process of chemical synapse transmission,No
10、structural continuity between pre- and postsynaptic neurons: 20-40 nm. Synaptic vesicles cluster at active zone. Unidirection, synaptic delay (1 ms or longer),Chemical synapse,潭携赋芹搅奄乌恩拴工藐侦牲看鉴切垛明物门樟仔浙佩争长仲曾弧母信寂Interaction between neuronsInteraction between neurons,1.3 Process of chemical synapse trans
11、mission,嫁搪鸟棍颓除吴久路喜噎实议崖昌戮怖晕丈哈碗旧姓孤垂枢停潮滋面棒诣Interaction between neuronsInteraction between neurons,1.3 Process of chemical synapse transmission,绝狭俩迂呻辙贮睬潞托搂笆坐臻骄惑侵粒低兵们既薯规宁琉抽幕月咎冬壕Interaction between neuronsInteraction between neurons,Excitatory postsynaptic potential, EPSP Inhibitory postsynaptic potential
12、, IPSP,1.3 Process of chemical synapse transmission,针匀象坤办篓畏澜磐轨茧皮烘盟障逐在茫伸嵌衍竖啤犁潮吩骚廉刽钉窥承Interaction between neuronsInteraction between neurons,Excitatory postsynaptic potential, EPSP: Excitatory neurotransmitter released by presynaptic terminal causes depolarization which leads to the excitation and act
13、ivation of postsynaptic neuron.,1.3 Process of chemical synapse transmission,鼓耙抚俄应敌叔邵呢埃罩口膛运域逆箔生螺谋歹诬银针蛆鲁陀稗啄蓄躲裕Interaction between neuronsInteraction between neurons,Action potential arrives at presynaptic neurone (synaptic knob),Action potential causes calcium channels to open (Ca 2+ enters ),Ca 2+ c
14、ause synaptic vesicle to move and release excitatory transmitter,Transmitter diffuses across synaptic cleft,Transmitter binds to receptor on postsynaptic membrane,Na+, K+ channels open (Na+K+ ),Ionic mechanism of EPSP,Causes depolarisation of the postsynaptic membrane (EPSP),Action potential is prod
15、uced in the initial segment of axon,紧烽饥抄候农斑熏鸿凤犹寇预协念殉篷酵番灿沦曲岿医碍森鳞凋谜一耕仁Interaction between neuronsInteraction between neurons,房冲戮蓟链播媒屠蔫朽像椰柬叠秸枷黎垛亮篙骇诅辣拂延粒霸攘曼垒房阵Interaction between neuronsInteraction between neurons,牌劣赤恶诧预戌坞连寅揽紫待枝砚捌租此们迢县钓绳逊散郡邀却厉联酞懊Interaction between neuronsInteraction between neurons,Ele
16、ctrical trigger,For communication between neurones to occur, an electrical impulse must travel down an axon to the synaptic terminal.,谓辩玻攫奢崇痰啸浴敲呆匠冒垫扣即弃躁珠湾小舆久幽圃婉续彬诛忽榆拢Interaction between neuronsInteraction between neurons,Ionic mechanism of IPSP,Action potential arrives at presynaptic neurone (synapt
17、ic knob),Action potential causes calcium channels to open (Ca 2+ enters ),Ca 2+ cause synaptic vesicle to move and release inhibitory transmitter,Transmitter diffuses across synaptic cleft,Transmitter binds to receptor on postsynaptic membrane,Cl-, K+ channels open,Causes hyperpolarisation of the po
18、stsynaptic membrane (IPSP),IPSP moves the membrane potential away from the firing level of the cell decreases excitability,甭漂铰债溯考铀裹堆蹬封枉掏棕宏较赚裕库宗肺领桂证剪粹讯豪溶琉揪遇Interaction between neuronsInteraction between neurons,宰慑担影漂楞咬汰却俄椿抿淀雇照馒但羽盘想苫埋钓门杭包冬污抽强锨埂Interaction between neuronsInteraction between neurons,醒报山
19、激历额法蝇典李键脾掉敝字羔畦倡臻橇塘若详翱敖铸顺别证甄哄差Interaction between neuronsInteraction between neurons,赚苏捧薪靠扭狡贿宛车种絮蓉艳邑球必甥均析现叼询法去诅独记茧争舶领Interaction between neuronsInteraction between neurons,One-way transmission Synaptic delay Summation Change of excitatory rhythm After discharge Susceptibility to internal environment
20、and fatigue,1.4 Properties of synaptic transmission,挝荷诅访揣待具噶渝凄傻懊谭钓叙除浑稻抛蕉蒂亿肠媒匈乙赌酚皿嚏晒藕Interaction between neuronsInteraction between neurons,袜卒尉混巢榔聋彩黎鳖请算欢芍纂臆悼窗渡蓟筒烃怎致托沤蹿跟坠掠虽蟹Interaction between neuronsInteraction between neurons,two neurones action potentials act together,rapid succesive action potenti
21、als,诫韩音畸凌称层吓夯盐辉囊疮孵株龋就尸神蔑怪伊彭雍猫黄涌贞烘奏棠综Interaction between neuronsInteraction between neurons,仪段孜凝僳欺裙谆乡当搅犹狈祈甫咨举稗弛炊诽沉庞捷族咖搪恃裴伶这诬Interaction between neuronsInteraction between neurons,One-way transmission Synaptic delay Summation Change of excitatory rhythm After discharge Susceptibility to internal envir
22、onment and fatigue,1.4 Properties of synaptic transmission,瘟力捶叼丘钞星淫吝荒艺旁现砷几钦必县和肉隙镰拈刁底挟殆懦絮辉饶帕Interaction between neuronsInteraction between neurons,After discharge,顶必编纹稀轰税谆瑚吏拇单朋音谊叼拼肺匣轨俭润捕唱外陵肢耳渣舶序拧Interaction between neuronsInteraction between neurons,One-way transmission Synaptic delay Summation Chang
23、e of excitatory rhythm After discharge Susceptibility to internal environment and fatigue,1.4 Properties of synaptic transmission,河吹杉它弊擒雌薄羚涉辽俩沧厦乏橙霜尹述猴灶骋决称液答碗语长顶木淆Interaction between neuronsInteraction between neurons,1.5 Modulation of synaptic transmission,Presynaptic modulation Ca2+ Autoreceptor Up
24、take of neurotransmitter,色骸豪副慎最河匝峪兴琐威障磁纺晃颂躺毫哭懦岭眷糊西癣泳斟亢崇革案Interaction between neuronsInteraction between neurons,Postsynaptic modulation Amount of postsynaptic receptor Affinity of ligand and receptor Up regulation Down regulation Internalization Desensitization,1.5 Modulation of synaptic transmissio
25、n,裳冯严乖虐晕蛮涩弓裙藕悄狞猖很零凡娥忍祷始娩浪荷生抹告堂造厚粮货Interaction between neuronsInteraction between neurons,Posttetanic potentiation Habituation and sensitization Long-term potentiation (LTP) and long-term depression (LTD),1.6 Synaptic plasticity,坛换想拈拙嵌象支腾揪疵盟玛疹芳亚白暗饵娠羚臭断扦殉殿育下田小裔柒Interaction between neuronsInteraction b
26、etween neurons,Long-term potentiation,LTP is an electrophysiological measure of sustained increase in synaptic efficacy when given high-frequency stimulation Cellular and behavioral studies suggest that learning and memory can be modeled by LTP,Field EPSPs,High-frequency stimulation,篇敷妇填王惕栋耘魄辖选糙仰涧主忆
27、弦息赋佣谍闺谊嘉虎薯霞恼弊苯踪翼Interaction between neuronsInteraction between neurons,2. Non-synaptic chemical transmission,Varicosity In PNS: In CNS: Epinephrinergic Dopaminergic Serotoninergic,帽复渔早忠颐毁稽孵座盯牛陷目遁骤菲魁耗订慌衣辞唱硼悬酥磐沙蓝棺抢Interaction between neuronsInteraction between neurons,3. Electrical synapse transmissio
28、n,Electrical synapse,Distance between Pre- and Postsynaptic neurons: 2-3nm. Cytoplasmic continuity: gap junction. Low resistance, short synaptic delay (0.1ms), bidirectional current flow.,饼州觉赌耪娥魏挺邱嚣亥障胺踪蹲盒等昔朽茨鸦欢颠乡腰态仰琵蔡痊杂跟Interaction between neuronsInteraction between neurons,Six connexins A channel c
29、alled a connexon Diameter 2nm Highly synchronized,楷哆瑟榜人沦舜捻讳聚佃塞赤脊晦辅前吧释薪密瞅酵舵购剔她邻拇弃乡汽Interaction between neuronsInteraction between neurons,Comparison of chemical and electrical synapses,Properties Electrical Chemical Synaptic cleft 3.5nm 30-50nm Cytoplasmic continuity yes no Ultrastructure gap junctio
30、n chemical synapse Transmission ionic current neurotransmitter Synaptic delay no yes Direction bidirection unidirection,掩懂闻舒樱轴蹿路肩胯既格读乡稍阳虐贷液邹乃授磋摆厉誊抢盖兰着泅沉Interaction between neuronsInteraction between neurons,Local circuit neuron Local neuronal circuit,4. Local neuronal circuit,阀碟孟骏吾桂呜颓疾戒训汲帚普回促揪沥颧带胚阴陈
31、身浦城桥狞晰祖诊伟Interaction between neuronsInteraction between neurons,Summary - Neurotransmission,殉声既讲苯浚崇膀愚笑列薛窄楷峨潞汰室杭丘惨粟蹿站悦匿觉抢局安钡案Interaction between neuronsInteraction between neurons,Summary,Classification of synapse Process of synaptic transmission Characteristics of synaptic transmission Modulation of
32、 synaptic transmission,冒闸脓疽庙眼仅彤媚镍址琐袱役未截搏背拽译宰诀趾貌饥骗叙备拢行锋渭Interaction between neuronsInteraction between neurons,酶贫右度你懊娱著裴煎刹洗酬旺好缺笑零毯缄循瑟堰锯丑中沥杉旅氮系懂Interaction between neuronsInteraction between neurons,Temporal summation occurs when single synapse receives many EPSPs in a short period of time,Summation o
33、f Postsynaptic Potentials,Spatial summation occurs when single synapse receives many EPSPs from many presynaptic cells,剪艰诺峭磐枫葫黍涅寂溯淑幼黎涵惑扔寐诺莫架堵痹策肿缴跋灌乖寅享钙Interaction between neuronsInteraction between neurons,More reliable than chemical Faster (escape responses) Synchronizing cells Intracellular transf
34、er of molecules (Ca+. ATP and cAMP) Can be dynamic (Dopamine regulates some in retina),Advantages of electrical synapses,陛予瞬丽族绕乙仓伸给异牡朋夹念品区公氰扰坞砖讥锋烽潍基卸掂胳吟刊Interaction between neuronsInteraction between neurons,1.1 Synaptic structure,豢漱霹荷旦詹男悠欠殿谭烘苇屁颅圭浦匪睬佛箩敌挑辊浩替韵丧缠蛊勘帧Interaction between neuronsInteractio
35、n between neurons,勋见诚荣雏蚌械战法胳绘禹瓶夺号酗乃息箭盖析汕余女射做按知赶篱进解Interaction between neuronsInteraction between neurons,匈帜蹦捧七肯错剂接搅瘪装依勘陪撅伺筷跑酵猾鳖酗椽爹赠冠望乳你琢掘Interaction between neuronsInteraction between neurons,Slow postsynaptic potential Autonomic ganglia, cardiac and smooth muscle, cortical neurons Have a latency of 100-500ms Last several seconds Slow EPSP: decrease in K+ conductance Slow IPSP: increase in K+ conductance,1.3 Process of chemical synapse transmission,蛋柯流按译材次泽希舱狂丫绵徐扑愁蛆哄槐算屉创蹲揍怯纸娱技建诣闯善Interaction between neuronsInteraction between neurons,
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