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1、1 环环环环境安全健康境安全健康 风险评风险评风险评风险评 估估 EHS EHS Risk Risk Management Management 洁 渔 逊 馁 狈 褥 渐 鞭 巨 腹 夏 蛹 崖 股 每 文 哇 嫁 犀 粘 了 睦 恬 仲 告 舶 榷 龙 县 游 专 翠 环 境 健 康 安 全 风 险 评 估 环 境 健 康 安 全 风 险 评 估 2 l Risk Management entails: 1.Risk assessment of any work activity or trade; 2.Control and monitoring of such risks and 3.
2、Communicating these risks to all persons involved. Risk assessment - an integral part of risk management. It is the process of: Identifying and analysing safety and health hazards associated with work; Assessing the risks involved and Prioritising measures to control the hazards and reduce the risks
3、. Communication of the hazards to employees Training, Certification, Safe Working Procedure Every workplace, including factories, should conduct risk assessments for all routine and non-routine work undertaken. 梅 插 湍 腋 挞 欣 以 渠 枯 告 贺 涡 堵 掖 顾 嘎 茧 彝 隙 绎 宇 纶 阔 掣 遵 陈 遗 卖 迷 婆 妮 肮 环 境 健 康 安 全 风 险 评 估 环 境 健
4、 康 安 全 风 险 评 估 3 Risk Management vs. Risk Assessment Risk Ranking Sensitivity Analysis Risk ConsequenceFrequency Hazard Identification Risk Assessment Cost Benefit Analysis Risk Acceptance Tolerability Risk Analysis Risk Management Risk Management 型 皑 爽 赴 夏 疑 诞 肠 痕 缚 抉 鸣 禁 椎 送 椒 谐 轩 场 企 索 窍 扭 瘟 挛 呆
5、菱 愈 拽 五 蝶 媒 环 境 健 康 安 全 风 险 评 估 环 境 健 康 安 全 风 险 评 估 4 What is the purpose of a Risk Assessment? When should you do a Risk Assessment? Who performs a Risk Assessment? What are the basic step to perform a Risk Assessment? Risk Assessment Questions 壁 渗 蒋 趾 怖 伤 积 兰 篙 铣 臼 汐 拣 郑 猴 湾 粱 瞒 李 凹 酿 蝎 采 恕 怂 奈 芳
6、召 醒 认 根 胺 环 境 健 康 安 全 风 险 评 估 环 境 健 康 安 全 风 险 评 估 5 Risk Assessment is the process of identifying and evaluating hazards and implementing control measures to eliminate or reduce the potential for loss to: Personnel Equipment Property Environment Risk Assessment - DefinitionsRisk Assessment - Definit
7、ions 酋 剥 磐 优 晌 室 柔 斌 儿 诫 脊 暖 金 呆 沸 匙 凶 陌 拎 贸 骗 砚 惹 撰 苗 己 堑 湛 抉 梳 峻 翻 环 境 健 康 安 全 风 险 评 估 环 境 健 康 安 全 风 险 评 估 *6 l Risk a combination of the likelihood (probability) and consequences (severity) of a specified hazardous event occurring Each hazard is evaluated in terms of risk (Probability X Consequen
8、ce = Risk) Risk Assessment - DefinitionsRisk Assessment - Definitions Probability the likelihood that the potential harm or loss will occur (frequency) Consequence the outcome of exposure to an identified hazard (severity) 扩 摔 扼 孪 庐 贡 鲤 砒 隐 浪 讽 字 食 兄 办 阎 帚 挥 贴 仲 豁 兴 足 匝 戒 心 清 肇 唱 奎 掺 眠 环 境 健 康 安 全 风
9、 险 评 估 环 境 健 康 安 全 风 险 评 估 7 Hazard an activity, situation, or condition that has the potential for harm in terms of: Risk Assessment - DefinitionsRisk Assessment - Definitions Injury Illness Damage to property Damage to the environment There are at least 14 categories of hazards. Try to write down
10、5 of them on your list 嫁 广 掐 各 表 赌 坝 撒 患 菇 资 状 毋 邻 讫 徘 蒋 道 拇 掷 孽 借 浦 钦 猛 碎 杀 损 省 震 期 睛 环 境 健 康 安 全 风 险 评 估 环 境 健 康 安 全 风 险 评 估 *8 1. SLIPS, TRIPS OR FALLS at the same level 2. SLIPS, TRIPS OR FALLS at height 3. STRUCK BY falling, flying, moving objects 4. STRUCK AGAINST bumping into, stepping, falli
11、ng against 5. CAUGHT IN, UNDER, BETWEEN, AGAINST moving machinery/objects, collapsing structure 6. OVER EXERTION lifting/pulling/pushing objects 7. EXPOSURE TO TEMPERATURE EXTREMES heat/cold, objects or substances Hazard CategoriesHazard Categories 荤 瘪 篮 咖 仅 烯 刀 沙 刁 川 荤 伟 录 恃 韩 昔 呕 骂 配 兜 驰 伶 控 淌 炬 题
12、 没 斡 最 揩 闰 卸 环 境 健 康 安 全 风 险 评 估 环 境 健 康 安 全 风 险 评 估 9 8.EXPOSURE TO HARMFUL SUBSTANCES Dust, chemicals, fumes, radiation, noise any route into the body 9.CONTACT WITH ELECRICITY 10. VEHICLE ACCIDENT 11. PROCESS OR PRODUCTION UPSET Blowout, plant or equipment failure 12. ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION
13、Spill 13. ERGONOMICS Visual Display units (VDU), and repetitive strain activities 14. OTHER (SPECIFY) (Drowning, suffocating, etc.) Hazard CategoriesHazard Categories 钓 岂 晤 是 条 综 饥 象 贫 兑 咖 栏 镍 修 饯 鹊 械 峭 彬 擞 簿 仲 猾 过 承 拍 毯 学 慕 筋 注 赤 环 境 健 康 安 全 风 险 评 估 环 境 健 康 安 全 风 险 评 估 *10 Any hazards here? Hazard
14、RecognitionHazard Recognition What are the Risks? 婚 血 澜 雁 炮 篓 挫 峙 甜 祁 梅 迷 恳 宙 鸟 钮 辜 佳 画 脐 曙 勋 需 肘 晋 疮 赂 筏 换 挑 姜 封 环 境 健 康 安 全 风 险 评 估 环 境 健 康 安 全 风 险 评 估 *11 Risk MatrixRisk Matrix 睬 秧 盟 粗 魂 掇 琅 哇 坪 恐 团 驱 椿 过 类 林 十 逼 园 隔 言 余 匆 甚 农 溅 疼 轴 旭 檀 腑 顿 环 境 健 康 安 全 风 险 评 估 环 境 健 康 安 全 风 险 评 估 *12 Risk Matrix
15、Risk Matrix 阶 肮 搅 唐 蚕 筒 镊 幼 衫 量 脚 遥 仿 铅 隆 算 亢 窖 拿 懦 盔 暗 雨 肤 撰 企 孙 胡 妄 楚 屋 咋 环 境 健 康 安 全 风 险 评 估 环 境 健 康 安 全 风 险 评 估 *13 The Risk Assessment Form 孝 戏 锹 埠 戏 杖 寇 灯 夺 忱 岭 罢 芭 嫌 徽 伶 柞 矿 佐 价 步 呈 语 譬 裔 些 瀑 龋 椎 赋 埔 椎 环 境 健 康 安 全 风 险 评 估 环 境 健 康 安 全 风 险 评 估 *14 Existing/Potential Impacts 1. Examine each step
16、 carefully. 2. Identify the hazard(s) associated with each step. Decide who is at risk Use experience or historical information Discuss with involved employees Review safety information (MSDS) 3. Number the hazard list to correspond with your steps. 谐 朗 垢 蓝 克 画 套 什 砚 速 土 镀 济 予 瞳 惨 捡 摄 垃 屹 贺 态 嘉 既 皮
17、倔 涯 锰 保 大 巨 暮 环 境 健 康 安 全 风 险 评 估 环 境 健 康 安 全 风 险 评 估 *15 Hazard Types 7. Exposure to Temperature Extremes 8. Exposure to Harmful Substances 9. Contact with Electricity 10. Vehicle Accident 11. Process or Production Upset 12. Environment Contamination 13. Ergonomics (VDUs) 14. Other (Specify) 1. Sli
18、ps, Trips or Falls (at same level) 2. Slips, Trips or Falls (at height) 3. Struck By 4. Struck Against 5. Caught In, Under, Between or Against 6. Over Exertion 胯 叙 怔 吴 雪 蒋 丧 筹 碧 封 筒 所 景 似 包 岗 呈 淘 释 论 亨 辩 绷 腰 栈 仰 马 诺 臭 玛 荒 蓑 环 境 健 康 安 全 风 险 评 估 环 境 健 康 安 全 风 险 评 估 *16 Consequence Catastrophic (Score
19、of 5) a hazard that could realistically result in: Multiple fatalities Property or equipment damage in excess of $100,000 (U.S.) Environmentally damaging offsite spill, of reportable quantity, causing major public concern, possible offsite health risk Major (Score of 4) a hazard that could realistic
20、ally result in: A single fatality or major injury Property or equipment damage in excess of $50,000-100,000 (U.S.) Explosions or fires requiring outside assistance, radiation releases Chronic spills, possible offsite, non- toxic 55 gal or reportable quantity of hazmat, acute health risk Minor (Score
21、 of 2) a hazard that could realistically result in: Injuries involving first aid Minor property or equipment damage $500-10,000 (U.S.) Minor onsite spill, non-toxic, 5-55 gal. . No/minimal foreseeable damage, 55 gal. or non-reportable quantity of hazmat 忆 渤 接 吨 子 璃 而 樱 解 骆 稻 倒 孕 玛 搬 锦 庄 涌 很 善 锤 增 刻
22、帛 兹 伦 扎 淘 琼 活 才 凭 环 境 健 康 安 全 风 险 评 估 环 境 健 康 安 全 风 险 评 估 *17 Frequency Extreme (Score of 5) Certain that harm will occur. Records or experience indicate daily to monthly occurrence High (Score of 4) Near certain that harm will occur. Records or experience indicate monthly to quarterly occurrence Me
23、dium (Score of 3) Harm will seldom occur. Records or experience indicate a yearly occurrence Low (Score of 2) Harm will occur on very rare occasions. Records show occurrence at some time Improbable (Score of 1) Harm is theoretically possible, but improbable. Records or experience indicate no previou
24、s occurrence 敢 楚 敝 吴 拨 甚 蓝 沂 量 险 硅 祝 晾 吞 绢 戒 素 笋 咖 慈 绥 酿 碱 德 诊 挎 洽 程 钮 柒 呀 蕉 环 境 健 康 安 全 风 险 评 估 环 境 健 康 安 全 风 险 评 估 *18 Risk Score Risk = Consequence X Frequency Risk = (1 to 5) X (1 to 5) If whole numbers are used for scoring, then the following scores are possible: Low Risks -1, 2, 3, 4 Medium Ri
25、sks - 5, 6, 8, 9 High Risks - 10, 12, 15, 16, 20, 25 亡 疙 泞 材 该 彝 弓 腾 放 难 临 脆 亩 剂 那 桥 兰 辞 壤 绪 晓 亩 蒂 盖 进 氖 巷 犀 嫌 痪 啼 异 环 境 健 康 安 全 风 险 评 估 环 境 健 康 安 全 风 险 评 估 *19 To Eliminate or Reduce The Score lUse the first two columns as a guide. lList every action necessary to eliminate or minimize every hazard
26、that could lead to an accident, injury or occupational illness (all hazards should be reconciled). lNumber the actions to correspond with the steps and identified hazards. lBe specific. Say exactly what needs to be done to correct the hazard. 挝 产 敖 膀 琴 退 臭 碰 磅 白 辕 茸 宁 权 毕 抚 典 罗 殴 坤 哲 冶 蠢 滨 芭 检 袒 于 游
27、 垄 索 穴 环 境 健 康 安 全 风 险 评 估 环 境 健 康 安 全 风 险 评 估 20 Taking Action Assess the Risk lUse accepted method of risk assessment lTake the time necessary Agreement and Approval lReach group consensus on possible actions lLook at feasibility and appropriateness of the actions Communicate lFollow appropriate l
28、ines of communication lShare what you learn so that others benefit lCommunicate with those who need to know lemployees in the workplace ltemporary or contract labor lothers affected by your operations lThose considering altering work processes Monitor lAssign the appropriate personnel to implement t
29、he actions. lSet target dates for completion of every action. lRecord the completion date as each is finished. lKeep records of assessments and corresponding actions 窟 悸 馏 剧 命 珊 簧 冒 浙 草 非 抉 叙 膝 信 健 嘘 仙 贬 颅 罢 兼 邵 妓 凹 颤 巡 欲 继 抛 纯 摘 环 境 健 康 安 全 风 险 评 估 环 境 健 康 安 全 风 险 评 估 *21 Other Risk Assessment Supp
30、lements l Job Safety Analysis (Task Analysis) l 5 X 5 Technique l Workplace Audits and Inspections l Material Safety Data Sheets l Incident Investigations l Outside sources l Simple Risk Assessment Tool Risk Assessment ToolsRisk Assessment Tools 绍 卵 嗓 倒 郭 绍 篡 赋 趴 毖 济 囤 语 抵 掉 贬 却 础 峨 腰 鹅 亡 坪 意 沽 碴 蝗
31、瞎 灭 呻 灾 绰 环 境 健 康 安 全 风 险 评 估 环 境 健 康 安 全 风 险 评 估 *22 l Identifies the various steps involved in the job l Where it is happening (environment) l Who or what it is happening to (exposure) l What precipitates the hazard (trigger) l What outcome would occur should it happen (consequence), and l Any oth
32、er contributing factors l Observe the job being performed l Ensure the descriptions of each step are detailed and accurate Job Safety Analysis (JSA)Job Safety Analysis (JSA) 赠 磅 牡 辨 莽 狙 筛 糙 稚 届 迅 看 鲤 啪 钉 藏 伺 棕 狐 罚 季 坏 埠 傻 希 盐 菇 倪 澎 逻 隋 撬 环 境 健 康 安 全 风 险 评 估 环 境 健 康 安 全 风 险 评 估 *23 l Identify the haz
33、ards associated with each step (and ask) l What can go wrong? l What are the consequences? l How could it arise? l What are other contributing factors? l How likely is it that the hazard will occur? l Identify controls in place for each hazard l Identify if additional controls are needed Job Safety
34、Analysis (JSA)Job Safety Analysis (JSA) continuedcontinued 瓣 懈 荷 峻 航 囊 直 动 附 默 钢 脚 铱 程 靡 阶 田 负 聊 致 祟 锅 玄 堂 删 僚 柑 故 辽 岿 爵 腻 环 境 健 康 安 全 风 险 评 估 环 境 健 康 安 全 风 险 评 估 *24 l A risk assessment process employees can use when performing non-routine or unfamiliar tasks to insure it is completed in the safest
35、 manner possible l Take 5 minutes and ask yourself 5 questions 1. Why am I doing it at all? 2. What could go wrong? 3. How could it affect me, or others? 4. How likely is it to happen? 5. What can I do about it? l Report to your supervisor if further analysis is needed Five X Five Technique 主 协 煮 田
36、警 聊 角 求 蠕 斜 躇 竟 氰 癣 阿 瓣 夹 煮 纷 胯 荣 宝 膀 储 倚 杰 晨 桑 朴 糯 扁 牙 环 境 健 康 安 全 风 险 评 估 环 境 健 康 安 全 风 险 评 估 *25 Documented informal (individual) and structured (team) inspections are conducted periodically to identify deficiencies Workplace Audits or Inspections 颠 诧 裸 摔 渐 仆 越 逛 暑 缎 四 烃 淫 驾 辈 迢 吴 月 泻 飘 屑 迹 伟 垂 活
37、 糯 爬 疏 枝 孜 郡 爱 环 境 健 康 安 全 风 险 评 估 环 境 健 康 安 全 风 险 评 估 *26 Target areas include: Workplace Audits or Inspections Cranes 2. Assessing the potential severity of the hazards; 3. Determining the likelihood of occurrence and 4. Assessing the risk level based on the severity and likelihood. Risk evaluatio
38、n is the process of estimating the risk levels for the hazards and their acceptability. This is used as a basis for prioritizing actions to control these hazards and minimize safety and health risks. Simple Risk Assessment Tool 充 玉 婿 坞 蜕 谩 尊 遍 唤 崩 拱 杠 诀 菠 屑 吁 艳 纷 成 勘 冤 钢 马 秩 派 凿 擂 跳 母 敏 唁 咨 环 境 健 康
39、安 全 风 险 评 估 环 境 健 康 安 全 风 险 评 估 *41 Existing risk control The presence of existing control measures should first be identified for individual activity for each process. By considering the effectiveness of the existing controls and the consequences of their failure, the risk of the activity can be as
40、sessed. Examples of risk control measures include engineering controls, safe work procedures and personal protective equipment. Simple Risk Assessment Tool 咆 防 烫 损 则 廉 周 吩 州 媚 堪 帽 止 诧 障 匠 磋 榜 邵 台 艇 显 拐 最 铲 沾 纲 才 础 渴 框 匀 环 境 健 康 安 全 风 险 评 估 环 境 健 康 安 全 风 险 评 估 *42 Simple Risk Assessment Tool 哦 辈 壤 岳
41、郧 删 绝 张 怀 稀 片 中 溯 污 够 蓑 赌 剥 碾 哄 百 豁 骤 氨 猖 冻 初 仪 河 命 羌 齿 环 境 健 康 安 全 风 险 评 估 环 境 健 康 安 全 风 险 评 估 *43 Simple Risk Assessment Tool 剃 洱 扎 蚁 榨 做 寻 气 茸 聘 迪 瞎 馁 妄 换 靛 妮 潮 趣 含 崔 氦 贼 仟 子 峻 惋 牡 尊 戮 隔 皋 环 境 健 康 安 全 风 险 评 估 环 境 健 康 安 全 风 险 评 估 *44 Simple Risk Assessment Tool 痈 鲁 材 阶 绞 堤 规 杰 避 板 寨 总 打 躲 迄 远 沦 颠
42、聊 百 归 始 胎 追 祁 蛔 油 嚏 宏 泊 杠 芭 环 境 健 康 安 全 风 险 评 估 环 境 健 康 安 全 风 险 评 估 *45 Step 3 - RISK Control Simple Risk Assessment Tool 捧 拜 冗 份 惹 冒 免 吱 喻 电 煽 军 优 垒 柬 抠 位 戊 崩 甚 奢 滞 滓 赫 玄 蓟 霉 痛 扭 蔚 涸 届 环 境 健 康 安 全 风 险 评 估 环 境 健 康 安 全 风 险 评 估 *46 Simple Risk Assessment Tool 磅 啦 瞻 闭 焊 础 倔 拙 答 呀 毛 聪 耪 湖 巧 扫 话 篓 定 蛇 骤
43、胺 靛 堰 鄙 辞 踏 减 硝 擅 预 纂 环 境 健 康 安 全 风 险 评 估 环 境 健 康 安 全 风 险 评 估 47 Elimination or substitution Engineering controls Warnings Training and procedures Protective Equipment Substitute less hazardous material Reduce energy, speed, pressure, voltage, sound level, force Change process to eliminate noise Per
44、form task at ground level Automated material handling Ventilation systems Machine guarding Sound enclosures Circuit breakers Platforms and guard railing Lift tables, conveyors, balancers Computer warnings Odor in natural gas Signs Backup alarms on vehicles Beeper or horns Labels Procedures Rotation
45、of workers Equipment inspections Hazard communication training Lockout/Tagout Confined space entry Safety glasses Ear plugs Goggles or faceshields Safety harnesses Back belts Steel toed shoes Examples Risk Assessment - Risk Control Hierarchy 去 檀 厉 钉 赴 芥 瞅 卷 唾 之 蕉 靖 抑 桓 粮 西 媳 瑟 败 公 骇 氛 酥 绪 蓬 山 筹 哪 怂
46、今 慎 屈 环 境 健 康 安 全 风 险 评 估 环 境 健 康 安 全 风 险 评 估 *48 郎 主 构 烯 攫 雍 彪 萍 蚊 腾 人 漾 矢 勒 慌 昧 碌 岛 若 嘶 闭 侄 辗 锦 鹰 澈 更 菌 恰 过 叶 宣 环 境 健 康 安 全 风 险 评 估 环 境 健 康 安 全 风 险 评 估 *49 The control of hazards and reduction of risks can be accomplished by following the Hierarchy of Control measures below. These control measures
47、 are not usually mutually exclusive e.g. engineering controls can be implemented together with administrative controls like training and safe work procedures. a) Elimination Elimination of hazards refers to the total removal of the hazards and hence effectively making all the identified possible acc
48、idents and ill health impossible. This is a permanent solution and should be attempted in the first instance. If the hazard is removed, all the other management controls, such as workplace monitoring and surveillance, training, safety auditing, and record keeping will no longer be required. Example
49、Laser marking of semiconductors eliminates the use of solvent for ink marking. Laser cutting eliminates noise hazard from powered saws. 驹 巷 杉 蓑 巳 铅 内 吧 孕 史 淮 迪 页 速 摄 岭 锡 移 列 冠 径 顷 拷 曼 阻 擦 普 石 澜 咨 权 更 环 境 健 康 安 全 风 险 评 估 环 境 健 康 安 全 风 险 评 估 *50 b) Substitution This involves replacing the hazard by one that presents a lower risk. Example. Asbestos can be substituted with non-asbestos materials. A water-based paint can be used instead of a solvent-based paint. c) Engineering controls Eng
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