Preliminary Findings of ICTSD’s Country Studies.ppt
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1、,Identifying Special Products in Developing countries: Preliminary Findings of ICTSDs Country Studies,http:/ Findings of ICTSDs Country StudiesPreliminary Findings of ICTSDs Country Studies,Special Products (SP) (para. 41), Developing countries will have the flexibility to designate an appropritate
2、number of products as Special Products, based on criteria of food security, livelihood security and rural development needs. .These products will be eligible for more flexible treatment. The criteria and treatment of these products will be further specified during the negotiation phase and will reco
3、gnise the fundamental importance of SP to developing countries .,http:/ Findings of ICTSDs Country StudiesPreliminary Findings of ICTSDs Country Studies,The Rationale for Special Products,Food security: combination of domestic production, importation and public stockholding. However some degree of s
4、elf-sufficiency for basic foodstuffs remains a major objective for DC. Availability of foreign exchange is also a constraint on the import capacity of some DC. Livelihood security: Agriculture accounts for 70 % of the employment in low-income countries and 30 % in middle-income countries. Alternativ
5、e avenues of employment are lacking. Rural Development: In DC, agriculture constitutes a big slice of the GDP. Since in the rural areas agriculture is the dominant economic activity, rural development can be sustained only by a vibrant and growing agricultural activity. Importance of looking at the
6、three criteria together as opposed to individually,http:/ Findings of ICTSDs Country StudiesPreliminary Findings of ICTSDs Country Studies,The Rationale for Special Products (cont.),As tariffs are removed, the livelihood of communities employed in import-competing sector might be affected by lower p
7、rices and increased international competition. While this benefits urban consumers it might affect large rural populations who rely on agriculture but cannot compete with low prices on world market. Developing countries have limited access to domestic resources to cushion farmers against adverse eff
8、ects of imports; they essentially rely on border measures (tariffs),http:/ Findings of ICTSDs Country StudiesPreliminary Findings of ICTSDs Country Studies,Source: Based on the Millennium Development Indicators Database (UNSD),http:/ Findings of ICTSDs Country StudiesPreliminary Findings of ICTSDs C
9、ountry Studies,Source: FAO, WTO Agreement on Agriculture: The Implementation Experience, FAO, Rome, 2003.,http:/ Findings of ICTSDs Country StudiesPreliminary Findings of ICTSDs Country Studies,Agricultural Employment in G33 Countries,Source: Earth Trends database (World Resources Institute),http:/
10、Findings of ICTSDs Country StudiesPreliminary Findings of ICTSDs Country Studies,Share of Agriculture in GDP in G33 in Countries,Source: Earth Trends database (World Resources Institute),http:/ Findings of ICTSDs Country StudiesPreliminary Findings of ICTSDs Country Studies,Source: FAO,LDCs and NFID
11、Cs Agricultural Trade Evolution,http:/ Findings of ICTSDs Country StudiesPreliminary Findings of ICTSDs Country Studies,Bound Tariff Structures in G33 Countries,http:/ Findings of ICTSDs Country StudiesPreliminary Findings of ICTSDs Country Studies,Effect of a 40% Reduction of Bound Tariffs on G33 A
12、pplied Tariff,http:/ Findings of ICTSDs Country StudiesPreliminary Findings of ICTSDs Country Studies,Examples of Tariff Structure: Subgroup A,Source: The G-33: An Analysis of bound and Applied Tariffs on Agricultural Products Mario Jales, ICTSD,http:/ Findings of ICTSDs Country StudiesPreliminary F
13、indings of ICTSDs Country Studies,Examples of Tariff Structure: Subgroup B,Source: The G-33: An Analysis of bound and Applied Tariffs on Agricultural Products Mario Jales, ICTSD,http:/ Findings of ICTSDs Country StudiesPreliminary Findings of ICTSDs Country Studies,Examples of Tariff Structure: Subg
14、roup C,Source: The G-33: An Analysis of bound and Applied Tariffs on Agricultural Products Mario Jales, ICTSD,http:/ Findings of ICTSDs Country StudiesPreliminary Findings of ICTSDs Country Studies,Examples of Tariff Structure: Subgroup D,Source: The G-33: An Analysis of bound and Applied Tariffs on
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