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1、Academic Writing Course,瑶策争考趾拈拇源竞化搅渊澜霸庐窒此杂嚷竭兜巨产颂郁昭准掏楚馆灶秧discussingfindings ppt课件discussingfindings ppt课件,Contents,肌师幻洽召撰追巴日酥杆撵褪鳞粹屠空溅惠缎荐悄稼灭珠甭逗球灭金喳苑discussingfindings ppt课件discussingfindings ppt课件,a) considering both sides of an issue, or question before reaching a conclusion;,Meanings of Discussion i
2、n Academic Sense,b) considering the results of research and the implications of these results.,逸蜕喳尔堪航耶矛召柿逝帆滞扑伎橇袄泥咬铡迁铸盎桌敬跃颊翘萝律冷失discussingfindings ppt课件discussingfindings ppt课件,P72-73,Colorectal cancer 结直肠癌 lung cancer 肺癌 Esophagus cancer 食道癌 liver cancer 肝癌 prostate cancer 前列腺癌 laryngeal cancer 喉癌 b
3、ladder cancer 膀胱癌 Myeloma 骨髓瘤 malignancy 恶性肿瘤 rectal cancer 直肠癌,colon cancer 结肠癌 esophageal adenocarcinoma 食管腺癌 endometrial cancer 子宫内膜癌 menopausal hormone therapy 绝经后激素治疗 leukemia 白血病 melanoma (恶性)黑素瘤 ,(良性)胎记瘤 breast cancer 乳腺癌 estrogen 雌激素 progesterone 黄体酮 carcinogenesis 癌病变,致癌作用,Some expressions
4、in Reading Passage,趋灰褥后宿妥来瘁么畅篮彼违阜认求栗括资驼症奢小备砰殖烧山羽现洽徊discussingfindings ppt课件discussingfindings ppt课件,Introductory and Concluding Paragraph?,we found elevated risks of colorectal and lung cancer with both types of meat. Red but not processed meat intake was also associated with increased risk of cance
5、r of the esophagus and liver. We statistically observed elevated risks of advanced prostate cancer with both red and processed meat intake, of laryngeal cancer with red meat intake, and of bladder cancer and myeloma with processed meat intake.,A diet high in red or processed meat was associated with
6、 an elevated risk of both colorectal and lung cancer; Red meat was associated with an elevated risk of esophageal and liver cancer.,P74,P72,豺兑希挞靡灯善社胞田牌柜邯樊税助退蛆蜒孪缠太练饰福欺妓赊山衡阎骄discussingfindings ppt课件discussingfindings ppt课件,What has the results discussed?,We observed a stronger positive association for
7、 rectal than colon cancer. We found a positive association between red meat intake and cancer of the esophagus and the liver, and a significantly positive association for laryngeal cancer. We found an inverse association between red meat intake and endometrial cancer; We observed a suggestion of an
8、elevated risk of advanced prostate cancer with both types of meat. With regard to breast cancer, a pooled analysis of eight cohort studies found no association with red meat intake;,P73,撇什锈晕牡乌爽痢龄者橇杉续加硅市绕品俏市川穿耍淄液韩蛇檀琶爵磕圭discussingfindings ppt课件discussingfindings ppt课件,Elements in Discussion Section?,P
9、rovide a brief summary of key findings,Discuss possible mechanisms and explanations for the findings.,Compare study results with relevant findings from previous studies.,Discuss the limitations of the present study,consider alternative explanations of the findings,Conclude with a brief summary of ke
10、y findings,鸥盎瞥六鄙乓刚汝猪庶谜御寺舜措存涯攀扁锗牙渤闯坐呜罩坦湖晶谴玫懈discussingfindings ppt课件discussingfindings ppt课件,Elements in Discussion Section,Para. 1,Paras. 2-7,Para. 8,检损鞍喂育诞绵邢俱烈艺敝凑产冲粉念泳漠仲燕隋惮拟韩央渭跨犀吞挫动discussingfindings ppt课件discussingfindings ppt课件,Strong or Cautious Claim?,Read and decide which of the sentences belo
11、w are considered to be academically competent. 1. The management of danger is also not the sort of language to appear within policy documents that refer to GRT children, where it might be construed to reflect systematic failures in schools. 2. The management of danger is also not the sort of languag
12、e to appear within policy documents that refer to GRT children, which reflects systematic failures in schools.,醒蛇闲椎宛瞬医笼泵烃优讯廉拍啃膜囊在灭枣篡兵堑油绥厘嘲磺势罐鬃讯discussingfindings ppt课件discussingfindings ppt课件,竭世匡贸蔓夜谨纱害溯抽章盒诈雀涡享区庞绸旱涵虎茬危亏圆抵叹丑悠堑discussingfindings ppt课件discussingfindings ppt课件,访乱解输诛矿撵卜敛截茵琴刷阜碌竹嗓征朴捆具诈泄馋吼菱猖
13、玖像揖蒙虹discussingfindings ppt课件discussingfindings ppt课件,1. Consistent with previous studies, we observed a stronger positive association for rectal than colon cancer. 2. It is possible that the referent group had a smaller-than-expected cancer incidence by chance. 3. We observed a suggestion of an ele
14、vated risk for advanced prostate cancer with both meat types. 4. In contrast to our findings, childhood leukemia has been positively associated with intake of processed meats in a case-control study. 5. Associations between saturated fat and cancer are likely to be related to energy balance in gener
15、al, whereas iron is thought to contribute to carcinogenesis specifically by generating free radicals and inducing oxidative stress. 6. This could explain some of the inconsistencies in the literature as most previous studies have not specifically addressed advanced prostate cancer.,Strengthening or
16、Weakening a Claim?,P80,strengthening,weakening,weakening,strengthening,weakening,weakening,乙雇噎缩魏钩韵腥纸字瞎宪素碘霜区砍负柏鲍兑针委良采静吝众挖匣褒高discussingfindings ppt课件discussingfindings ppt课件,7. It lends strong support to implicate red and processed meat as risk factors for this malignancy. 8. We found a positive assoc
17、iation between red meat intake specifically and cancers of the esophagus and liver. 9. A decrease in the consumption of red and processed meat could reduce the incidence of cancer at multiple sites. 10. An earlier start in data collection would have increased the time needed to survey more participa
18、nts. Ideally, the number of participants would have been more evenly distributed across gender/year in population. A larger sample with diversity would have benefited our results. 11. Our study suggests a threshold effect for red meat intake on esophageal cancer risk, 12. Although breast cancer risk
19、 related to meat intake did not appear to differ by menopausal status in our study, we had very few premenopausal cases (n = 94) and lacked information on hormone receptor status for a large number of cases.,strengthening,strengthening,weakening,weakening,weakening,weakening,思秀灰烂候凉浸乙碉晒推缅官牌需幢脊赐炬耙剥宰搞绘
20、凸蛋禁越效箩注葡discussingfindings ppt课件discussingfindings ppt课件,Cause and Effect,effects therefore consequently so as a result in consequence accordingly thus hence because of this for this reason result in lead to cause bring about give rise to produce,causes due to because of owing to as a result of on a
21、ccount of for on the ground of through because since as on the ground that,喂咋悠镀勋圭瞒囊茧试腮蚜届始嚎毗郎宣蔚依虫蕉瘫阳迄境荆禹临台腕敌discussingfindings ppt课件discussingfindings ppt课件,Exercise,Complete the following paragraph by filling in missing causal words.,Recurring headaches can have initiate disruptive effects in a pers
22、ons life. (1)_, in many cases, these headaches make a person nauseous to the point that he or she must go to bed. (2)_, sleep is often interrupted (3)_ the pain. Disrupted sleep worsens the physical and emotional state of the sufferer. For those who try to maintain a normal lifestyle, drugs are ofte
23、n relied on to get through the day. Such drugs, of course, (4)_ other negative effects. Drugs can inhibit productivity on a job, perhaps even (5)_ regular absences. Not only is work affected, but the seemingly unpredictable occurrence of these headaches (6)_ disruption in family life. The interrupti
24、on to a persons family life is enormous: cancelling plans in the last minute and straining relationships with friends and family. It is no wonder that many of these people feel discouraged and even depressed (7)_ the cycle of misery reoccurring headaches cause.,Firstly,Furthermore,because of,can lea
25、d to,causing,causes,due to,P77-78,歉渐吃为站卖蓉砂族屠掷膳掐陌瞄却蕊释殃稀逗亥讫葛衷贷惦聘腮锚壁潜discussingfindings ppt课件discussingfindings ppt课件,Turn the following notes into a paragraph of cause and effect,Lack of water dryness in the soil leaves wilt death of plant. Too much water leaves droop or become yellow death of plant.
26、Too strong sun baked soil roots killed death of plant. Lack of light pale leaves & thin stems death of plant.,There are several factors to be taken into account when studying why some plants become weak or die. One reason is lack of water. Dryness in the soil causes the leaves to wilt, and may give
27、rise to the death of the plant. On the other hand, too much water may result in the leaves drooping, or becoming yellow. While sunshine is necessary for plants, if it is too strong, the soil may be baked and the roots killed. However, if there is no light, the leaves will become pale and the stems thin. Consequently the plant may die.,P78,谈婚寨匠揍多匙姓厢幅瘦察磺阴烩滓栓骄趟禹个灼审顶带剂擂魔吠糜忌蛹discussingfindings ppt课件discussingfindings ppt课件,Thank You !,Academic Writing Course,挖啊剐依夏嚏受非轨下寇担坪炊致碾扳刷爷汹颤皮臻乐花幌视垣慢聋扣可discussingfindings ppt课件discussingfindings ppt课件,
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