英语语法.ppt
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1、驯峨庇奶殆傻肋娥附淄琢黍版铆佳埋龟侩亏喷晤凝楼颤糙伟泥贤慕霞迸蒂英语语法英语语法,动词不定式是一种非谓语动词形式,其结构为“to动词原形”,其中to不是介词,而是动词不定式的符号,动词不定式没有人称和数的变化。动词不定式和其后面的名词等构成不定式短语,在句子中可以用作主语、表语、宾语、补足语、定语、状语等。,藐棕好录隙桶亦窥恃层图秸镑花刀搪索冕菜题滴炕折蕊燥裳绞页寥攘撑对英语语法英语语法,一. 作主语 例如: To be a doctor is hard. 做医生很难。 To learn English well is not easy. 学好英语不容易。 动词不定式(短语)作主语时,为了避免
2、句子的头重脚轻,可以用“it”作形式主语,而把真正的主语动词不定式(短语)放在句子的后部。例如上面的句子可以表示为: It is hard to be a doctor. It is not easy to learn English well. 再如: Its important to plant trees in spring. 如果动词不定式的动作是谁做的,可以在动词不定式前面加一个由介词for引导的短语,称为不定式的复合结构。例: Its good for us to read English aloud in the morning. 对我们来说每天早晨大声读英语是很有益的。 It
3、is important for students to use English every day. 对学生来说每天使用英语是很重要的。,呐螟枫拥忻乒驭赡际都瘸狈步馆衙辱拣斡滇食涨铁迂荒戏陛蛤湛痉殷路克英语语法英语语法,a. 表示现在( 指说话人说话时) 正在发生的事情。 We are waiting for you. b. 习惯进行:表示长期的或重复性的动作,说话时动作未必正在进行。 Mr. Green is writing another novel. (说话时并未在写,只处于写作的状态。) She is learning piano under Mr. Smith. c. 表示渐变的动
4、词有:get, grow, become, turn, run, go, begin等。 The leaves are turning red. Its getting warmer and warmer. d. 与always, constantly, forever 等词连用,表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态,往往带有说话人的主观色彩。 You are always changing your mind.,戊乍哗冠宵匠猫疚膀邑键攀邮孵殃豌肮抚傻斥灼曳沛鸦夷易快店盒恶粤晓英语语法英语语法,二. 作表语: 动词不定式(短语)作表语常用于系词be的后面。例: His work is to dr
5、ive a car. 他的工作是开车。 My job is to feed animals. 我的工作是饲养动物。 Her ambition is to be a doctor. 她的理想是当医生。,馆范壹鸯席酋唇辕囚彼寨即等协驳陷神棒期雷钮隙傅墅恰海祭钵箭乘娩沃英语语法英语语法,三. 作宾语 动词不定式(短语)可以放在一些动词后面用作宾语,能以动词不定式作宾语的动词有:begin,start, want, forget, remember, show, learn, like, hate, love, ask等。例: I want to tell you a story. 我想给你讲个故事。
6、 They begin to work at eight every morning. 他们每天早晨8点开始工作。 Dont forget to lock the door. 别忘了锁门。 Would you like to go and have a picnic with us tomorrow? 明天和我们一起去野餐好吗? *如果and连接两个动词不定式,第二个动词不定式一般省“to”例: (1)He wants to go and have a swim with us. 他想和我们一起去游泳。 (2)若作宾语的动词不定式(短语)很长,可用it作形式宾语。 I find it inte
7、resting to learn English with you. 我觉得和你一起学英语很有趣。 He found it hard to catch up with others. 他觉得赶上别人很困难。,窥焊唬叁檬贼京蚌婉扭骤浇嚣浦柠稠欢腋秩收篮朋啦潭撞誊躲融塞侣拢靡英语语法英语语法,四. 作宾语补足语。例如: The teacher asked us to read English for half an hour in the morning. 老师让我们早晨读半小时英语。 The teacher often tells Jim not to spend too much time p
8、laying computer games. 老师常告诉Jim不要花太多时间玩电脑游戏。 Please let me help you. 让我来帮助你。,动词不定式作宾语补足语,表示宾语所做的动作,可以用动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词有:tell, ask, want, like, invite, encourage, help等。但在let, make, see, watch, hear, feel, notice, have等感官听觉动词或使役动词后面作宾语补足语的动词不定式一般要省略动词不定式符号“to”,可以归纳为以下三种句式: 1.不可以省to的不定式作宾语补足语: tell /ask
9、 / want / would like / wish / like / invite /encourage /teach sb. to do sth. 例:The teacher told us to come earlier tomorrow. I want you to go now. 我想让你现在就走。 Her parents wish her to be a teacher. 她父母亲希望她当老师。,姜钱圭掷服赦杆于估蔷和守确升志衬息沤钦椎姑帘谗堪仇船涟后漫毗贷矿英语语法英语语法,3.可省可不省的: help sb. (to)do sth. I often help my mothe
10、r (to)do housework. 我经常帮妈妈做家务。 *动词不定式的否定式是直接在to之前加not. 例: (1)Tell them not to play football in the street. 告诉他们不要在街道上踢足球。 (2)省to的动词不定式的否定式是直接在动词前面加not. 例: Let the boy not go. 让那个男孩别走。 (3)如果将主动语态变为被动语态时,作宾语补足语的动词不定式变为主语补足语,动词不定式则不省“to”,即原来省的再加上,例: The boy made the baby cry. The baby was made to cry b
11、y the boy. 那个孩子被男孩弄哭了。,2.省“to”的不定式作宾语补足语: Let / make / have sb. do sth. Let the boy go out now. 让那个男孩出去。 The boy made the baby cry. 男孩弄哭了这个小孩。 see / watch / hear / notice / feel sb. do sth. I saw the students play basketball on the playground yesterday. 昨天我看见学生们在操场打篮球。 I often hear the girl sing in
12、the next room. 我经常听到女孩在隔壁唱歌。,怨猿兆班侥臭蔽拟烟元伏折娃屹炳春子喉俺瓜阉桅撑腰妙哆埠锁技粱颓陕英语语法英语语法,五. 动词不定式作定语 动词不定式作定语常用来修饰名词或不定代词,放于所修饰的词后,为后置定语。例: Who was the first one to arrive? 谁第一个到的? She has no paper to write on? 她没有纸写字? The best way to learn English is to use it. 学英语最好的方法是使用它。 When is the best time to plant vegetables?
13、 什么时候是种植蔬菜的最好时间? Do you have something to drink? 你这有喝的吗? *动词不定式(短语)作定语修饰名词时,与其所修饰的词具有一种动宾关系,如果不定式中的动词为不及物动词时,其后应加上一个含义上所需要的介词。例: I have no chair to sit on. 我没有椅子坐。 He has no house to live in. 他没有房子住。,红犹糕溯盖烘肤琶畜创咽镐恿匿望稳腥霞媚坞笛凛谤蜕惟民蝗念前球伏庸英语语法英语语法,六. 动词不定式作目的状语: 动词不定式作目的状语常用在go, come, hurry等不及物动词后,表目的。 He
14、went to see his sister yesterday. 他昨天去看妹妹了。 They got up early to catch the early bus. 他们早起去赶早班车。 有时可以把不定式(短语)提前,放于句首,表示强调目的。例: To early English quickly and well, he went to England. 为了更快更好地学英语,他去了英国。,绅蚤撤胰纯部白跳权诌闽磁喳炭硝前缺桩苞窖弗忘境选吝韩岸湘陀耶庞傻英语语法英语语法,七. 不定式和疑问词连用,可以作句子的主语、宾语、表语等。例: The problem is where to get
15、 a computer. (表语) No one knows how to do it. 没有人知道如何做这件事。(宾) I really dont know which one to choose. (宾) 我真的不知道选哪一个。 When and where to have the party is not known. (主语) 何时何地举行联欢还不知道。 *不定式和疑问词连用作宾语时有时可以改为宾语从句。例: I dont know what to do next. 我不知下一步该做什么? I dont know what I should do next.,亡祟侵赞问辽动便点迎晌杜抗
16、牢巢纵姥故摹荔乌局狭谱冒邦市歉谓量等普英语语法英语语法,1. He asked me _ here earlier. A. come B. to come C. coming D.came 2. Please tell him _ on the wall. A. dont draw B. to not draw C. not to draw D. not draw 3. He wanted _ a cup of tea. A. to have B. having C. have D. had 4. Id like _ a word with you. A. had B. having C. t
17、o have D. have 5. I came here _ my uncle. A. saw B. to see C. seeing D. to be seen,妈稗再脯虎浚醋去甜昨钒宾政顺仟屠膘储仅属拄泡嫡当四冉垒考酮眺浴挪英语语法英语语法,6. The man refused (拒绝)_ back his words. A. to take B. taking C. took D. takes 7. I can let you _ one ticket. A. to have B. have C. having D. had 8. We often heard him _ in his
18、 room. A. to sing B. sings C. sang D. sing 9. He was made _ day and night. A. work B. working C. to work D. worked 10. He stopped _ a look, but saw nothing. A. having B. to have C. have D. had,护准仑屉藩旨膳夏倚么萌云李欢风柞搅京祁太暑稻拴事剂睬睦舔地榆枷热英语语法英语语法,1. He was so angry that he couldnt say anything. He was too angry
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