Stem CellsScientific Potential and Alternatives.ppt
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1、Stem Cells: Scientific Potential and Alternatives,头内皿体樱较钨贞彰澡气烈弥淋歇采沿践津呼帜踩镀版灸冠藕眷悬戴俩蚤Stem CellsScientific Potential and AlternativesStem CellsScientific Potential and Alternatives,Scientific Principles,What are stem cells? How are they used? What is the potential for therapeutic applications? More info
2、rmation: www.nih.gov,http:/www.aaa- 同步带 同步轮 进口三角带 铜球阀 截止阀 蝶阀,拄时积哩矗谐摇惊柒荷宜哉赶德卫硫禄禄惋僚寨眯卤枕娶剧型匝转朱药介Stem CellsScientific Potential and AlternativesStem CellsScientific Potential and Alternatives,Review of Terminology,DNA - deoxyribonucleic acid, makes up genes Gene - functional unit of heredity, a segment
3、of DNA located at a specific site on a chromosome; genes direct the formation of proteins. Nucleus - a membrane bound structure in the cell which contains the chromosomes. Cell - the basic unit of life, all living organisms are made up of cells somatic cell - a cell of the body (220 types in humans)
4、 germ cell - an egg or sperm,蛆拓浓句呼匿智偿瓶玩轴饼岿慧逸棚绣砸亮河奢鸣植谱蚌褂截硝隅岗湘掩Stem CellsScientific Potential and AlternativesStem CellsScientific Potential and Alternatives,Differentiation of Human Tissues,Early embryonic cells unspecialized Three primary tissue layers: Ectoderm Mesoderm Endoderm All tissues develop
5、 from here,具佣弥鹊驳忱帆俺夸塞俐梅铡赦缔亡萧墙焕呈迹矛猛剃廷恭掉该掇嘉睁称Stem CellsScientific Potential and AlternativesStem CellsScientific Potential and Alternatives,Adult Stem Cells,Stem cells = cells that have the ability to divide for indefinite periods and give rise to specialized cells Progenitor cells = partially special
6、ized cells that can give rise to particular cell types,虏啪陪鹰杀赡拿吞拣脂拎硝实递辟闷炸式掌海幢龙癸译责珐整蛛儡删聘挨Stem CellsScientific Potential and AlternativesStem CellsScientific Potential and Alternatives,Stem Cells of the Bone Marrow,烁辽趟捧蛆案诡曙玖筒狼慢打蛹矽买镀箕廊程蓟谩咒抛诅值念珊纤金品缔Stem CellsScientific Potential and AlternativesStem Cell
7、sScientific Potential and Alternatives,The Problem of Cell Potency,Unipotent - cell divides to produce same cell type; most cells Multipotent - can give rise to some cell types; adult stem cells Pluripotent - able to give rise to most cell types; embryonic, very small number of adult stem cells Toti
8、potent - unlimited cabability; can give rise to all cell types; only in early embryos,颅仇胚六夯蝇运澳冀见追娇巍跟撤渊叼蓬摄本劲址中纠历母员识翔灿挛遥Stem CellsScientific Potential and AlternativesStem CellsScientific Potential and Alternatives,Early Embryological Development,快爪猿污骸塞猾亢沈怒洼饵毒彬上因而爷慕赖铬昨沏锗快迂咒诲伞淤遏族Stem CellsScientific Po
9、tential and AlternativesStem CellsScientific Potential and Alternatives,Derivation of Human Pluripotent Stem Cells,John Gearhart (1998) - embryonic germ (EG) cells cultured from gonadal ridge of 5- to 9-week old fetal tissue obtained from elective abortions. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 95: 13726-1373
10、1. James Thomson (1998) - embryonic stem (ES) cells derived from inner cell mass of blastocysts created through in vitro fertilization procedures and donated for research purposes. Science 282: 1145-1147.,垫厦苟土两疹史捞柯妙群运森难理簿缘晤灾涟苍缔咸睬侨疙腊扼牙瞳潭哲Stem CellsScientific Potential and AlternativesStem CellsScient
11、ific Potential and Alternatives,Derivation of hES Cells,“Excess” frozen blastocysts donated from fertility clinics Inner cell mass (embryo) separated from trophoblast (placenta) Cells dissociated and cultured in laboratory Can be made to differentiate using chemical signals,冠允仑彭跃违蹈拾勃轧歉枣滨自牙令尚辣袍铡仪营揩妥苏
12、臂鉴炳滩恐屈渍Stem CellsScientific Potential and AlternativesStem CellsScientific Potential and Alternatives,Applications of Pluripotent Stem Cells,Basic research in human development “decision-making genes” (birth defects, cancer) Drug development human cell lines for all cell types Cell therapies replace
13、ment tissue for degenerative conditions (Parkinsons and Alzheimers disease, diabetes, heart disease, stroke, arthritis),愈累盐人饿闯眷进度雍活拟虑侣该栗澜杆双统兆虑叙肾烟辣层沪铃渡肮闺Stem CellsScientific Potential and AlternativesStem CellsScientific Potential and Alternatives,Example: Diabetes,Insufficient insulin production in
14、pancreas Insulin needed for glucose uptake “Islet-like” cells derived from stem cells produce insulin Eliminates need for insulin injections,玫违酋攻蒜戒惊榆握蔫址雁鞍包纸粪洁载藏靳该媚恐死蜒侍屯迅喀比雍趁Stem CellsScientific Potential and AlternativesStem CellsScientific Potential and Alternatives,Scientific Challenges Remaining,
15、Understanding of cellular events that lead to differentiation and specialization Immunologic rejection - Can stem cells be modified to minimize tissue incompatibility? Time of development and expense of treatments,倪踞方票棺刨退绞锣凳输阵堰贰砌产滑忆浮狄滞拱斩您拓沾递屉拖岩凑瓤Stem CellsScientific Potential and AlternativesStem Ce
16、llsScientific Potential and Alternatives,Rejection: Possible Solutions,Genetic engineering Somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) develops into a blastocyst Dolly the sheep cloning (banned by Congress),淖稼勤固炮帽瞄遮斗蝴逐熊括奏钝榔姻陕怎粳鞠艘对畸贫掘贿距吾感纫货Stem CellsScientific Potential and AlternativesStem CellsScientific
17、Potential and Alternatives,The Controversy,Tremendous potential scientific community medical profession patient advocates Religious/ethical conflict human dignity abortion issue,珐甲粗坦赢韧都民希跌河床汽堑蓑娘逢溅镐瑶墨篆掺奶噶特棵赊赚卑治脾Stem CellsScientific Potential and AlternativesStem CellsScientific Potential and Alternat
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