牛津译林版英语九下Unit4Greatpeopleword语法详解.doc
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1、Unit 4 Great people一.【语法详解】定语从句定语从句的定义在复合句中修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。定语从句通常紧跟在它所修饰的名词或代词之后,这种名词或代词叫做先行词,即“先行词定语从句”。定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句两种。引导定语从句的关联词为关系代词或关系副词。关系代词有who, whom, which, that, whose,在定语从句中可用作主语、宾语或定语(whose);关系副词有when, where, why,在定语从句中只用作状语。先行词关系代词关系词在定语从句中的成份先行词关系副词关系词在定语从句中的成份人who主语、宾语时间when
2、状语人whom宾语时间which/that宾语物which主语、宾语地点where状语人、物tha主语、宾语地点which/that宾语人、物whose定语,表示所属关系原因why状语(the reason why)注意:whoseof which, of whom when介词which where介词which whyfor which 如果关系代词前有介词,只能用which或whom且不能省略。关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词who, whom的用法当定语从句所修饰的先行词是人的时候用关系代词who/whom/that。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时用who/that;关系代词在定语从句中作
3、宾语时用who/whom/that,并且可以省略;通常用who代替whom,但whom不能代替who。关系代词作主语时,定语从句的谓语动词的数取决于先行词的数,即定语从句的动词形式与先行词保持一致。注意:先行词为one, ones, anyone或those时,关系代词只能用who。Lets count the people who/that are present. (注意定语从句中动词的形式)Is he the man who/that has saved three children during the snowstorm? (注意定语从句中动词的形式)The person (who/
4、that/whom) you wish to see has come.关系代词which, that的用法当定语从句所修饰的先行词是物时,用关系代词which/that。关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时可以省略,需注意以下两种情况:当定语从句中动词短语含有介词时,若介词后置,可使用关系代词which/that,并且可以省略;若介词置于关系代词之前,只能用which,并且不能省略。The book which/that tells us a true story is well worth reading.Here is the car (which/that) I bought last mon
5、th.The parade in which he took part is called Disney parade.The parade (which/that) he took part in is called Disney parade.关系代词whose的用法关系代词whose可用于指人或物的先行词,whose在定语从句中作定语,先行词与whose之后的词是所属关系,当先行词是人时whoseof whom,当先行词是物时whoseof which。Id like a house whose doors face south.Id like a house the doors of
6、which face south. He is the boy whose father is a famous writer.He is the boy the father of whom is a famous writer.下列情况下只用关系代词that当先行词是以下指物的不定代词时:all, none, much, any, little, few, anything, nothing, everything。I believe all that you told me. Tell us everything that you know.当先行词被以下词修饰,并且指物时:all, a
7、ny, every, each, few, little, much, no, some, the very, the same, one of, the only。注意:one of人关系代词who/that one of物关系代词that。You should put away all the presents that your friends gave you on your birthday.I have some things that I have to do today. Theyve offered a reward of ¥5,000 for any information
8、 that leads to the arrest of the murderer.This is the very book that I have been looking for.这是我一直寻找的那本书。She is the only one of us that knows French. (特别提醒:the only修饰先行词时必须用关系代词that)It is the same song that I heard yesterday afternoon.当先行词是序数词、形容词最高级,或被序数词、形容词最高级修饰时。Miss Wang is the first teacher th
9、at taught me English.He is the last man that I want.他是我最不想见的人。Hangzhou is the most beautiful city that I have ever visited.当先行词中既有人又有物时。We talked about the persons and things that we remembered at school.当主句是由who或which开头的疑问句时。Which is the book that was written by Guo Jingming?Who is the murderer tha
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