高考英语重点词汇辨析—动词.doc
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1、动词部分1accuse / chargeaccuse 和charge都有“指责,控告”之意,有时可通用,但结构不一样。accuse不一定针对重大过失或罪行,其结构为accuse sb of sth。而charge一般用于重大过失或罪行,其结构为charge sb with sth,此结构还有“使某人负有责任”之意。My father accused me of my being too careless. 父亲责备我太粗心。He accused me of neglecting my duty. 他指控我玩忽职守。He charged me with neglecting my duty. 他
2、指控我玩忽职守。Jimmy was charged with murder. 吉米被控谋杀。He was charged with an important task. 他担负有一项重要任务。2add / add to / add up / add up toadd:增加,把加上。addto:把加到。At the end of the party, we added another program.You neednt add any water to the medicine.add to:增添。指增添喜悦、悲伤、麻烦等。His coming added to our trouble. 他的
3、到来给我们添了麻烦。add up:加起来。Have you added up all the numbers?add up to:总计。表示加起来的结果,无被动结构。All the numbers added up to 100.3advise / suggestadvise:建议,劝说。I advised (his) trying again. (= suggest)I advised that we (should) try again. (= suggest,虚拟语气。)I advised him to give up smoking. I advised him not to smok
4、e. Could you advise us on how to learn English? Could you give us some advice on how to learn English?suggest:建议,表明,暗示。We suggest having a meeting at once. (= advise) We suggest that a meeting (should) be held at once. (= advise,虚拟语气。His pale face suggests that he is in poor health. 他那苍白的脸色表明他身体欠佳。
5、4agree with / agree to / agree on agree with:同意,赞成后接“人”或what从句作宾语;适合,适应;一致。 I dont quite agree with you.Nobody agreed with what he had said at the meeting.The weather here doesnt agree with most of us. 这里的天气我们多数人不适应。3:Your words do not agree with your actions. 你的言行不一。agree to:同意,赞成。指一方同意另一方的意见、建议、观点
6、、想法等。John cant agree to Joes idea.agree on:对达成共识。指双方或多方对某事取得一致意见。Finally John and Joe agreed on the plan.5allow / permit / let / promiseallow:允许,许可。指听任或默许,也可用来表示客气的请求。Who allowed you to leave the camp?Smoking is not allowed here. Please allow me to introduce myself to you. permit:允许,许可。通常指正式的许可。He d
7、eclared that he would permit me to do so. allow 和 permit 的含义虽然有所差别,但实际运用中两者常通用。 let:允许,让。其后的宾语补足语应是不带to的不定式。一般不用于被动语态。Dont let this happen again. This is not allowed to happen again. 不说:This is not let to happen again.promise:答应,允诺。用于主动答应自己要做什么的场合。They promised an immediate reply.He promised to star
8、t at once. I promised him to see to the matter right away. (我答应他马上处理这件事。不定式to see to 是主语I发出的。)6announce / declareannounce:宣布,宣告。常指首次公开或正式宣布人们关心的某件事情。The government announced that the danger was past. It was announced that the national science conference would soon be held in Beijing. 另外,要表达“向某人宣布某事”
9、,应用announce to sb sth。后接to sb的动词还有say,explain等。He announced to us the news and then said to us, “Now let me explain to you in details.”他向我们宣布了这个消息,然后对我们说:“现在让我详细给你们解释吧。”declare:宣布,声明。指以正式的话语公开宣布某件事。The chairman declared the exhibition open. 主席宣布展览会开幕。 7answer / replyanswer:回答,回应。“Tom!” No one answer
10、ed.Please answer the door-bell. 请去开门。He answered that he knew nothing about itNo one was able to answer him a wordreply:回答,答复。作不及物动词时,后需接to再接宾语;作及物动词时,后直接接that从句或what从句,或用于倒装句。He replied to me, “I need the answer to the exercise.”He replied that he would not goNot a word did she reply她一句话也不应。answer当
11、名词用时,与reply一样,要接to。He made no answer / reply to his questions.8appear / look / seem appear:显得,好像。有时含有表面上显得,而事实未必的意味。This kind of apples appears good, but in fact it tastes sour.这种苹果看起来好,实际吃起来酸。seem:好像。暗示判断有一定根据,往往接近事实。You seem to have made the same mistake again this time. 你这次似乎又犯了同样的错误。It seems tha
12、t it is going to rain soon.look:好像。表示凭感觉做出的判断。 Whats wrong with you? You look pale.It looks like rain. 看来要下雨了。9argue / quarrelargue:辩论,争论。指提出理由或论据以支持或反驳某种意见或主张,着重说理。如:What are you arguing about? I argued with him the whole day. quarrel:争论,争吵,吵架。Its unwise to quarrel with your boss about that. 为那件事同你
13、老板争吵是不明智的。10arrive / reach / get arrive,reach和get都有“到达”的意思。arrive通常与介词at或in连用,它和reach是比较正式的用语;reach是及物动词;get通常与介词to连用,在口语中常用。arrive和get后接副词如here, there, home等时,不用介词。reach和arrive at还有“达成协议,做出决定”的意思。When we arrived at the station, the train had left.At five, they arrived in Beijing.The letter didnt re
14、ach me until yesterday.At what time did you get to the post office? The two sides failed to reach / arrive at an agreement after several hours discussion.几个小时的讨论后,双方还是没能达成一致意见。11ask / inquire / question ask:问ask sb sth或ask sth of sb;请求ask sb to do sth;要,索取ask for sth。May I ask you some questions? Wh
15、y did he ask you to come again? Did he ask for anything?inquire:问,询问。它与ask同义,但是比较正式的用语;与into连用时,表示“查究,调查”的意思。I have inquired of him whether he could help me. 我已经问过他能否帮我。 We must inquire into the matter. look into,我们必须调查此事。 question:提问,质问,审问,怀疑。At first the girls read a chapter from their books, and
16、then the teacher began to question them.I question whether he was once questioned by the police.我怀疑他是否曾被警方审问过。12be about to do sth / be to do sthbe about to do:即将,正要做。不加任何时间短语。We were about to start when suddenly it began to rain.be to do:计划,约定;应该。We are to start tomorrow. What is to be done next?下一
17、步做什么?13be careful of / be careful withbe careful of:小心,当心,留神,注意。The public were warned to be careful of rats. 公众被警告要当心老鼠。be careful with:细心,注意。指细心地处理或对付某人或某事。Youd better be careful with your work / pronunciation. 你得注意你的工作/发音。14be familiar with / be familiar tobe familiar with:对熟悉。Most of us are fami
18、liar with the pop star.John was very familiar with this kind of situation.be familiar to:对来说是熟悉的;为所熟知。The pop star is familiar to most of us.This kind of situation was all too familiar to John. (=very familiar)15be known for / be known as / be known to be known for:因而出名。Our town is known for its sto
19、nes.be known as:作为而出名。The town is known as a stone town.be known to:被知晓,了解。The hot spring city is known to every one of them.16be made of (from / out of) / be made into / be made up / be made up ofbe made of:由制成。用于由产品可以看出原材料。The desk is made of wood.be made from:由制成。用于由产品看不出原材料。Paper is made from wo
20、od. be made out of:由制成。The desk / Paper is made out of wood. be made into:制成。 Wood can be made into desks / paper.be made up:由编成。Dont believe him; the whole story was made up. 别信他的,整个过程都是捏造的。be made up of (=consist of):由组成。 This desk is made up of / consists of twelve pieces of wood.17be tired of /
21、be tired from / be tired out be / get tired of:对厌倦。I am really tired of your words! 你的话我听腻了!be tired from:因疲倦。 I was so tired from climbing the hill that I fell asleep the moment my head touched the pillow. 我爬山太累了,所以头一碰枕头/一躺下就睡着了。be tired out:筋疲力尽。相当于be worn out。 We were tired out when we climbed ov
22、er the high mountain. 18believe / believe in / depend on believe:相信指信某人的言语;认为相当于be sure。Dont believe him; hes lying. 别听他的,他在说谎。I believe theyll succeed in the end.believe in:信任指胜任某人;信仰指信仰真理、主张、宗教等。Dont believe in him; hes always lying. 不可信任他,他老说谎。I believe what she said, but I dont believe in her. 我
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