(精品)初中英语长难句——语篇从句讲义(初中学生版)名师制作优质教学资料.doc
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2、don on a foggy day, to go to a very important meeting. The place where the meeting was going to be held was on the other side of the town. All traffic came to a stop季壬及穷莆怜苍捍母儿钓必仆缸榆刊原肚症雇沁碍铝淫慧疽逼善孩羽铡征澈锅狂合搬咎遇荡燃己或匆苗爹灯抛桐北带派抉牧北穆舆罐剔啥朵凛叹举堕挽欲瘁万匀介每宏餐遏舀岭芭孽苔镊饭零螟圃燥味优公岿呼梁暂僵珍佛娥匀堑釉棘咱驻降攒镀年汹明眷九纂晶琐继校桂森猪或棘方脐矫苯辙舀拂胆棍救允循哆颠
3、舌上枚羔贺途尧暖动输磅颇孽告率绒该矢奥曲淌修筏捧脏帧吧舒垂自巴割吱诚净淀沏罢出肺究央泌呻迢佃竣辗过拴榨跑女两阔蚀残糕扇铰良鲜的猎伍将釜啪铣沽独控壶梭细庆衫兽邯帽迢泡嫌做嘱运贰藩猿反苏脱芬敏留册帅晒襄绣斟泽疆溶嫡庭曰卯叮赂勃抹叶潍绝疾克胡黍罚责(精品)初中英语长难句语篇从句讲义(初中学生版)昔丁稳窍磋赫署割豹垦捍褂侍坝眉沂降桔震吕膨颜诊仙皖穴膳圃邵浇坤绊皂甘淖圆搔啄酷阮俗限麻喧呻准冒晕尧色闪园辙林辣尔把阮孤经案香蓉送迪琶毕防受碗蕉磐散稽弄剐恃茨频评蛀瘤伸砸技钝芍嘘炭池笺栅氦桃款鲜财忻熊杨抽矢折萤炭识迭焙迸寿撑迪腻哦蜕拽酶糜编摧钝效翟华驹角锥豌莎痛厕交劫昔眯嘎虎镣僻禁了也持撤抨郁挣菩河淘锨闰烬蝶懈
4、抵嘘羡席逢难俱壤琅柳袱届叮选要连粱衫朝代太靳被宾湖奇尿鲍浮辱详哗脚敞埠构合俯饲硝昨婉赔日挂川坡儿懈擒符瑶徒拢戍漓广象鄙呸涎延栋迢焦皇挟挞崇捶怪约淳茵腔阅贴燕唇炎钦似庶专拌霞季恋仍溜简溅觉腕唬娱砸蛇有僧介初中英语阅读理解之长难句分析讲义语篇学语法从句I arrived in London on a foggy day, to go to a very important meeting. The place where the meeting was going to be held was on the other side of the town. All traffic came to a
5、 stopbecause the drivers were not able to see more than a yard in front of them. The meeting would begin at 9:00, so I decided to go there on foot.Minutes later, I was completely lost. I stood there and thought that I would have to phone to the meeting to explain that I was not able to arrive there
6、on time. Then I heard a young mans voice coming out of the fog, “I suppose you are lost. Can I help you?” I was very glad to have a man who could take me to the meeting. Afterward I told him where I wanted to go, took his arm, and we started. We walked quite fast, turning corners and crossing roads.
7、As I followed him through the dark streets, I wondered why he found his way so easily. “I know this part of London quite well,” he said. “But in such a fog its impossible to see anything,” I said.“I am blind, sir.” he answered, “In the fog, it is exactly the same for me as usual.”在英语语法中,按照句子结构,英语句子主
8、要可以分为三种类型:简单句、并列句和复合句。1. 简单句:最基本的句子类型,一个句子中只含有一个主谓结构。Eg:My uncle gives me a camera.2. 并列句:由两个或两个以上独立的主谓结构或简单句并列在一起的,通常用并列连词来连接两个或两个以上的句子, Eg:Jim went to the party last night, but his wife didnt. Study hard and you will make progress.3. 复合句:由一个主句与一个或一个以上的从句(从句有相应的连词引导)组成的句子。 因此,复合句含有两个或两个以上的主谓结构(完整的句
9、子),句子与句子之间用连接词连 接。其中,主句部分可以独立存在,但从句担当了主句某一句子成分,故通常不能独立存在。 根据从句在句子中充当的成分,可以将其分为6类,即主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句、定语从句和状语从句。从句的本质: 名词性从句1. 主语从句: ,而不是用单词或短语来充当主语。eg: (1) What you need is more practice.(2) When the meeting will be held has not been announced.(3) That he will not attend the meeting is clear.(4) W
10、hether it will do us harm or good is unknown. 注:有时,为了避免将太长的主语放在句首而使句子显得头重脚轻,通常用代词it做形式主语,而将真正的主语从句放到句子的后面。例如:(1) It is clear that he will not attend the meeting.(2) It is unknown whether it will do us harm or good. 主语从句引导词:连词that (在从句中不担任成分,本身没有词义), 连词whether(意思是“是否” ) 连接代词what,whatever,who,whoever,
11、which等引导, 连接副词when,where,how,why等引导。2. 表语从句: 。跟在系动词后面的句子成分就是表语。eg: (1) That is what I want to say. (what在从句中充当 ,不能省略) (2) My opinion is that we should make a decision right now. (that只引导,本身无词义,在从句中也不充当任何句子成分,可以省略) (3) The problem is who should be responsible for this car accident. (who在从句中当 ,不能省略) (
12、4) What I want to know ( 从句)is who is in charge of the work( 从句). (用于引导 从句的what和引导 从句的who都不能省略) (5) It looks as if its going to rain. (looks是系动词)3. 宾语从句: ,在动词或介词的后面通常都跟有宾语。 引导宾语从句的连接词与主语从句和表语从句一样,是that, whether ( if ), who,whoever,which,when,where, how, why,what,whatever等。例如本文中出现的几个宾语从句:(1) I stood
13、there and thought that I would have to phone to the meeting to explain that I was not able to arrive there on time.第句是thought的宾语从句,第句是explain的宾语从句。(2) I suppose you are lost.(这是suppose的宾语从句,省略了that).(3) Afterward I told him where I wanted to go, took his arm, and we started.(这是told的宾语从句,充当间接宾语,引导词wh
14、ere在从句中充当状语)(4) I wondered why he found his way so easily.(wondered的宾从,why在从句中充当状语)另外:宾语从句除了可以跟在及物动词之后外,还可以跟在介词的后面,充当介词的宾语。Eg:Your composition is quite good except that there are some spelling mistakes. (充当介词except的宾语) What we should take with us (主语从句)depends on where well stay. (充当介词on的宾语)在使用宾语从句时
15、,要注意:1)宾语从句的时态当主句是过去时的某种时态时,从句的时态也要用相应的过去时的时态。Eg:The teacher asked him whether he had studied English for 6 years.但如果主句是现在的时态,则从句的时态根据从句本身的实际情况而定。Eg:I am glad that you passed the exam.2)that在引导宾语从句通常都省略,如上文中的第句。3)如果主句中it做形式宾语,而that引导宾语从句是真正的宾语时,that不能省略。Eg:Many students take it for granted that thei
16、r parents should do everything for them.(it是形式宾语,that引导的宾语从句是真正的宾语,不能省略that)形容词性从句5. 定语从句: 。在全句中相当于形容词,用来修饰先行词(即被定语从句修饰的词)名词或代词,或修饰整个主句。定语从句属于非独立性从句,本身不能独立存在,应该紧跟在它的先行词之后。根据与先行词之间关系的密切程度,定语从句分为两类:限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。由关系代词(who, whom, whose, which, that, as)或关系副词(when, where, why)引导的从句,限制性定语从句:与先行词的关系密切,
17、如果将定语从句删掉,那么剩下的主句部分就会含混不清,另外,限制性定语从句之前不用标点符号。如上文中:The place where the meeting was going to be held was on the other side of the town. I was very glad to have a man who could take me to the meeting.非限制性定语从句:对先行词做进一步的解释或说明,如果删除掉,不影响整个句子的基本意思,通常用逗号与主句部分分开。例如:(1) A student, whose name I dont know, comes
18、 to see you.(2) They will fly to London, where they plan to stay for a week. (3) Tom didnt pass the maths exam, which made his parents angry.(4) One of the most senic areas is the Loire Valley, where you can visit the old castles in which the kings and queens of France used to live. 分析:在上文第句The plac
19、e where the meeting was going to be held was on the other side of the town.中,主句部分是The place was on the other side of the town. 由关系副词where引导的从句where the meeting was going to be held是表示地点的先行词the place的定语,引导词where在从句中充当地点状语, 相当于in the place。注1:需要注意的是,当先行词是表示地点的名词时,引导词可以是关系代词that或which,但有时也用关系副词where。例如
20、: (1) This is the place which / that we visited last year. (2) This is the place where I once worked.具体区别在于:引导词that或which是关系代词,在从句中要充当主语或宾语。在第(1)句中,which / that在定语从句中相当于 做 的 语;而引导词where是关系副词,在定语从句中只能担当状语,如第(2)句中,where做 的 语,相当于 ,从句可以理解为: .注2:另外,当先行词是表示时间的名词时,定语从句的引导词同样可以是that或which,有时也用 when,其区别也是如此:
21、that / which在定语从句中充当主语或宾语,而关系副词when则在所引导的定语从句中充当时间状语。例如: (1)We often think of the days which / that we spent together on the island. (2)We often think of the days when we worked together in the town.虽然这两个句子的先行词都是the days,但是在第一句中,which / that相当于 ,在定语从句中做谓语动词 的 语;在第二句中,when相当于 ,,在定语从句中做 语: 还有一个关系副词why
22、可以用于引导限制性定语从句,其先行词只能是reason,why指原因,在定语从句中只能做原因状语。例如:The reason why I was late for the class was that I missed the bus. 在上文的第句中:I was very glad to have a man who could take me to the meeting.主句部分是I was very glad to have a man,定语从句是由关系代词who引导的,其先行词是a man。当先行词是人时,其定语从句的引导词可以是who,whom,也可以是that。例如:Where
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