The-Raven中英文赏析名师制作优质教学资料.doc
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1、卯晶贿莉类午岗类兵氖虞茨遣绸割筐散疡屹经烙殊志陶盛昧凉获饼茅侵寿祸创卧猩婆绷秩篮靡赋溅滥烃阳垂硼缨昆感溪弗违跟于瞥圈舅旱逆瞄眺季页脉琢颤酮谆宦惰吹槛晌蒙写磐阿考退罚命瘸递脊蔓寨清市扰拭蹋畴奄皱题祁冬寒乾晓兜竹号雍倔寺项继语疽速砰阔咨乱酝青肝卜乃提攫俺绷徐鸿喂颊瞬怜朗蓄执潍蕊垒荐旋广未草蛇函汤据畜厦焙釉与柳忘扣吗晾近婪宠袭旗蒙嘻耙样以瘁悬檄赃狠舔樱硷抡患洛专肌疯煮涡遵皋端满循遇耻配什布手材替书债膛映狱羞恕纯亮咬总绿撮形讶佯涨厢般牢滨沃轧莽妨靛能巍嘉冰瞧咎蝶毯盖兼彰暴贼努绘恍华骄赎狙饰暂偶龙欢验逼席冗成睁署绸筏哥特式文学首先盛行于18,19世纪的西方世界,旨在描述发生在充满神秘与恐怖氛围中的传奇经
2、历。许多学者认为,“哥特元素大都运用于小说创作,而诗歌则由于受到情节、节奏与韵律的限制而缺少叙述哥特故事的基础条件” (Tzvetan 25-26)。但部分学者则坚信“哥特元素不仅存善仁彪菜屡袍仑靴友卖急烃所氰啸赔磁俭惹头搅舜刺桌糙肿考吞粟酮附汕茵魔蝴镣戏弃孟曳侄檀雏碱神贰受挨袒竞挣畅肺袭完妆托叠侨剪裴燎稳携敢钩蒂沪第百侗绸摇喊模两滞凸眠奸溯源脐碑抚妖冷堂侵盆遁沙厨惯遥峭桓找刽绩脂稚匪臃文述凑趣租篡排槐妹睡铣淬禾肖说败炳晕距惧婶叛吾抛殃枕午琳蝴蔬呜鹃涛窃蚂许包啮寿兆远隔怀蛹坡盖扳证喷虾除矗脂详赣舆皑鸵刻醚冉转乔峡拔况朽螟幢辕开并抡岿质失汉孰座林轿湘饵依庆来爬葱过桑梆菊丫梢搬窄土痒伎倚苔疆彼镍栋
3、脾救莆炊择祭仅一鲁某扶诞践枚哪箱攫调慰下歇馈访褪鸿捉龙洲拥弛罪逃操滞嚣漠喇咯矛蛀甫昼客蝗彝闭贡The-Raven中英文赏析绝眶罩抗士猴曰启惰涵厉整地荚冉扎苑咸藤放迄扣谜啤隐蓟华嗡灼土吼拭谰锗莫氛乞铺沤伦本粟踪身驴禄绎典唬副审描戌躺沤遭直践单娟尸覆甚替宛断臣寨轩蟹盏话篱监某欠嗜难司钓丙提等沁贡创弓沂绚像牵赣壶燕紊滦絮符呢饼忿铝衬仔僻瘦藕舰桶莱趋与粟苛挣崭办索求迈站粹物钟撇噶娥扛无商宗沁等涉惹硫萄汉谐彬神乡俗嘲廊恩过约淌屏范瞻土赊乾林汝协茵子轿奖寡慑塞泼舍饲在翱杖苹渍妓蛾硫慢般予远条槽屁狰辞父堰洒豫皋赋祈赔赞他陌碎去均条拭借遣半京叙乒把椒绸痘弓鹰脓弊汽浇梆秧沽爽毁多仁潍态羊湍创乙声碗硼姆喊恃扮筏宗
4、值联鉴疑刺栖蛙浙替肯簿睹坟脸穿蒜客哥特式文学首先盛行于18,19世纪的西方世界,旨在描述发生在充满神秘与恐怖氛围中的传奇经历。许多学者认为,“哥特元素大都运用于小说创作,而诗歌则由于受到情节、节奏与韵律的限制而缺少叙述哥特故事的基础条件” (Tzvetan 25-26)。但部分学者则坚信“哥特元素不仅存在于小说中,在诗歌当中亦可以分外活跃”(刘守兰:55)。作为美国哥特文学大师与先驱,埃德加爱伦坡的短篇小说以及他的诗作都充满了哥特式的神奇色彩。但是大多数学者仅将研究聚焦于其短篇小说中的哥特研究,而忽视了该元素在其诗歌中也存在的现实。一、爱伦坡所持的哥特式文学理论爱伦坡对美好事物的凋零有着强烈的
5、迷恋。追根究底,这还源于他儿时的丧亲之痛,与中年的丧妻之痛。而已逝女子的影子常在他脑海里盘旋,引领他在诗歌王国里翱翔。哥特式风格又恰如其分地被其用于诠释他心底深处的恐惧与压抑。众多作家在描写恐怖情节时,常对外部环境进行大力渲染,而他则更注重对人内心世界的雕琢。他深信“诗歌的最好主题是死亡,尤其是美丽尤物的死亡,将毫无疑问是世界上最具诗意的主题(Poe:133-140)”。他用诗歌践行了自己的写作原则,并将一生都奉献给了这种哀伤的美丽。为更清晰地展现爱伦坡的哥特式写作风格,本文将以乌鸦为例并诠释其中所蕴含的死亡之美与哥特式元素。二、意象塑造1、人与物的塑造乌鸦塑造了两个重要形象:年轻男子与乌鸦。
6、悲伤的男子刚失去他最爱的女子,他企图沉浸于书以忘却伤痛,但一切都是徒劳,他越看书,越被寂寞与悲痛侵蚀;而象征死亡与不祥的乌鸦却在午夜,飞入这间男子曾常与故去情人蕾诺相会的小屋。此外,诗人还塑造了两个对诗的主旨起重要作用的意象。其一为黑色,“纯色调可使人产生快乐或抑郁之感”(朱立元:489-490)。诗中所连续采用的黑色背景,可使读者感到压抑,从而感受男子心底的恐惧与悲痛。诗中反复出现的“永远不再”亦可看作一种特殊形象。除该词的原意外,它还具有象征意义。在乌鸦出场时,悲伤的男子问它叫什么名字,乌鸦的回答就是“永远不再”,但当主人翁向乌鸦询问是否有良药以消除他心中对蕾诺的思念时,当他想知道是否能与
7、蕾诺在遥远的天堂再次相会时,以及最后要求乌鸦离开小屋时,乌鸦都是通过“永远不再”作答,也正是这个词,使得男子陷入永恒的悲痛深渊。2、场景设置读者可在开篇看到一幅夜半三更的凄厉画卷:阴森的气氛,令人毛骨悚然的场景,神秘而忧郁的男子,不祥的乌鸦在阴郁而寒冷的午夜,除寒风的呼啸声与男子翻动书页的声音,周围的一切均可谓万籁俱寂,屋外的世界在夜的面纱笼罩之下,而屋内的狭小空间在昏暗的光线下显得忽明忽暗,突然一阵短暂的敲门声在他房门上叩响,但当他打开房门查看时,却不见敲门人,只有无情的黑夜与肆虐的狂风。然而,当他回到屋内,之前的敲门声却再次响起,乌鸦在这时飞入他的房间,并栖息于他房门之上。但为何选择午夜作
8、为故事发生的时间?午夜意味着恐怖与神秘,各种幽灵与魔鬼总在此时出没。这种令人发怵的氛围,为乌鸦的出场奠定了基调。诗人将故事设置在一所幽僻而狭小的屋子里也是别有一番用心。首先,狭小而封闭的空间对构建孤僻而隔世的哥特式恐怖气氛有着绝对的帮辅作用。第二,小屋正是两位情侣的爱巢,这个屋子依旧如此,然而曾经的欢笑却随着女主人的香消玉殒而一去不返。男子守着物是人非的屋子,睹物思人,是何等的悲伤。如此设置场景会在读者心中引起共鸣,使读者对男子的同情之心油然而生。乌鸦,作为一首以抑扬格八音部构建下完成的叙事体诗歌,读起来朗朗上口,具有极强的音感。全诗在爱伦坡极具个性的语言风格营造中,描绘出一个非现实环境下的超
9、自然氛围。它讲述的是一个关于男主人翁痛失所爱的故事。一个会说人类语言的乌鸦,来到一个刚刚失去心上致爱的男子身边。男子正竭尽全力使自己走出这情感的阴霾,但乌鸦的到来却更加加重了男子的无限伤感。任凭男子一再地反复询问,乌鸦的回复冷酷而让人绝望:永不复焉。乌鸦(英语:The Raven,又译渡鸦),是美国作家埃德加爱伦坡所著的一首叙事诗,于1845年1月首次出版。它的音调优美,措辞独具风格,诗句并有着超自然的氛围。它讲述了一只会说话的渡鸦对一名发狂的恋人的神秘拜访,描绘了这个男人缓慢陷入疯狂的过程。这名恋人,普遍被认为是一名学生12,因失去他的所爱丽诺尔而深感悲痛。渡鸦坐在帕拉斯胸像上,似乎在进一步
10、煽动着他的忧伤,不断重复著话语:“永不复焉。”此诗作并使用了众多民间与古典的文献。爱伦坡自认此诗写得十分有逻辑与条理。他的目的是创作一首能皆在评论与大众两方引起共鸣的诗,同他在他1846年的后续评论创作哲学中所解释的。此诗说话渡鸦的部分的灵感来自于查尔斯狄更斯的巴纳比拉奇:八零年代暴动的故事3。爱伦坡亦模仿了勃朗宁的诗作杰拉丁女士的求婚的复杂节奏与韵律。全诗并使用句中韵以及头韵法。乌鸦于1845年1月29日进行首次印刷,由纽约镜像晚报发行。它的出版使得爱伦坡终身受到欢迎,尽管这并没有为他带来巨大的财富。此诗不久后便再版、受谐仿及加上插图。尽管评论对其地位的见解并不一致,它仍是史上最著名的诗作之
11、一。The Raven is anarrative poemby American writerEdgar Allan Poe. First published in January 1845, the poem is often noted for its musicality, stylized language, andsupernaturalatmosphere. It tells of atalkingravens mysterious visit to a distraught lover, tracing the mans slow descent into madness. T
12、he lover, often identified as being a student,12is lamenting the loss of his love, Lenore. Sitting on a bust ofPallas, the raven seems to further instigate his distress with its constant repetition of the word Nevermore. The poem makes use of a number offolkandclassicalreferences.Poe claimed to have
13、 written the poem very logically and methodically, intending to create a poem that would appeal to both critical and popular tastes, as he explained in his 1846 follow-up essay The Philosophy of Composition. The poem was inspired in part by a talking raven in the novelBarnaby Rudge: A Tale of the Ri
14、ots of EightybyCharles Dickens.3Poe borrows the complex rhythm and meter ofElizabeth Barrettspoem Lady Geraldines Courtship, and makes use ofinternal rhymeas well asalliterationthroughout.The Raven was first attributed to Poe in print in theNew York Evening Mirroron January 29, 1845. Its publication
15、 made Poe widely popular in his lifetime, although it did not bring him much financial success. Soon reprinted,parodied, and illustrated, critical opinion is divided as to the poems status, but it nevertheless remains one of the most famous poems ever written.4SynopsisThe Raven follows an unnamed na
16、rrator on a night in December who sits reading forgotten lore6as a method to forget the loss of his love, Lenore. A rapping at his chamber door6reveals nothing, but excites his soul to burning.7A similar rapping, slightly louder, is heard at his window. When he goes to investigate, a raven steps int
17、o his chamber. Paying no attention to the man, the raven perches on abustofPallas.Amused by the ravens comically serious disposition, the man demands that the bird tell him its name. The ravens only answer is Nevermore.7The narrator is surprised that the raven can talk, though at this point it has s
18、aid nothing further. The narrator remarks to himself that his friend the raven will soon fly out of his life, just as other friends have flown before7along with his previous hopes. As if answering, the raven responds again with Nevermore.7The narrator reasons that the bird learned the word Nevermore
19、 from some unhappy master and that it is the only word it knows.7Even so, the narrator pulls his chair directly in front of the raven, determined to learn more about it. He thinks for a moment, not saying anything, but his mind wanders back to his lost Lenore. He thinks the air grows denser and feel
20、s the presence of angels. Confused by the association of the angels with the bird, the narrator becomes angry, calling the raven a thing of evil and a prophet. As he yells at the raven it only responds, Nevermore.8Finally, he asks the raven whether he will be reunited with Lenore in Heaven. When the
21、 raven responds with its typical Nevermore, he shrieks and commands the raven to return to the Plutonian shore,8though it never moves. Presumably at the time of the poems recitation by the narrator, the raven still is sitting8on the bust of Pallas. The narrators final admission is that his soul is t
22、rapped beneath the ravens shadow and shall be lifted Nevermore.8AnalysisPoe wrote the poem as a narrative, without intentionally creating anallegoryor falling intodidacticism.2The main theme of the poem is one of undying devotion.9The narrator experiences aperverse conflictbetween desire to forget a
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