最新文体写作一点通汇编.doc

二、文体写作一点通(一)应用文应用文是一种常见的文体。在日常生活、学习和工作中,个人与个人之间的交往,个人与集体之间的联系,集体与集体之间的往来,都需要用文字进行交流,这种用于交流的文章称为应用文。应用文的语言必须平实、准确、简洁,格式规范,结构严谨,信息真实。应用文的种类繁多,如书信、通知、发言稿、演讲稿、日记、广告、海报、电子邮件、寻物启事、招领启事、邀请函等。从近几年的高考书面表达可以发现,在每年的高考题中,应用文占相当大的比例。2013年的18套试卷中有12套考查了应用文,2014年的18套试卷中有13套考查了应用文。2015年的15套试卷中有9套考查了应用文,其中书信和电子邮件仍是应用文中最常见的写作体裁,如:新课标全国、新课标全国、北京卷写作任务(一)、四川卷、天津卷、重庆卷写作(二)、陕西卷等。下面着重讲解书信、电子邮件等常见应用文体的写作技巧。1.书信书信是人们进行书面交流的文体,主要包括私人信件、公务信函。英文书信大致分为私人信件(Personal letter)和业务信件(Business letter)两类。前者通常指私人间来往的信件;后者指单位与单位或单位与个人之间,因接洽工作而来往的信件,主要包括商业信函、求职信、推荐信、感谢信、请柬等。英文书信格式通常包括以下六个部分:信头、信内地址、称呼、正文、结束语和签名六个部分。高考中的书信,信的开头和结尾一般在题目中都已经给出,只要求学生写出正文。 正文的内容可以是记述一件事情、讨论一些问题、说明某个事理、解释某个原因等,究其实质,就是记叙文、说明文、议论文在实际生活中的应用。1.书信常用开头语Thank you for your letter dated July 2.感谢你7月2日的来信。Im glad to receive your letter asking for my advice on how to.很高兴收到你询问我关于如何(做、学)的信。We are planning to visit the nursing home to celebrate Chongyang Festival and wed like to invite you to join us.我们计划去敬老院庆祝重阳节,诚心邀请你(们)加入。What a treat to receive your kind letter of May 5th!收到你5月5日的来信真是一件乐事!It is always a thrill to see your nice handwriting.看到你隽秀的字迹总是让我兴奋不已。With great delight I learn from your letter of this Sunday that.从你这个周日的来信中我高兴地得知I am very much pleased to inform you that.我很高兴地通知你How is everything with you lately?最近一切可好?I wish to apply for the teaching position you are offering.我想申请你们提供的教师职位。Thank you for your warm congratulations.感谢你的热烈的祝贺。2.信中语tell sb.to do sth.告诉某人做某事get information about.得到关于的信息in addition并且;除此以外(还有)explain sth.to sb.向某人解释某事write sb.a letter saying.给某人写信说thank you for.感谢你hear from sb.收到某人的来信talk about/of sth.谈论某事apart from the above除了以上所提whats more不止如此3.结束语Looking forward to your early reply.期盼尽快收到你的回复。Hoping to hear from you soon.希望尽快收到你的回复。Im expecting your answer!期盼您的回复!Your early reply will be highly appreciated.如蒙早日回复,将不胜感激。Any other particulars wanted we shall be pleased to send you.如需其他详情,当欣然奉告。If you agree with me,please call me at 2856688.如果你同意我的意见,请打电话2856688。Please let me know if you are interested and if you have any other question Id be happy to help.如果您感兴趣并有任何其他问题请让我知道,我将乐于帮助您。I hope you can enjoy yourself.希望你能玩得开心。Please accept my gratitude!请接受诚挚的谢意!Thank you for your time and kind consideration.多谢你能抽出宝贵时间给予考虑。1.投诉信模板一般采取架构三段式写作:(1)提出投诉内容;(2)说明具体情况;(3)提出解决办法。Dear , I am (自我介绍).Im writing to you for something/to tell you something about (投诉的内容)./Im sorry to write to you,but I feel it my responsibility to do so,because (投诉内容). The reason for my dissatisfaction is (总体介绍).In the first place, (抱怨的第一个方面).In addition, (抱怨的第二个方面).Under these circumstances,I find it (感觉)to (抱怨的方面给你带来的后果). Id appreciate it very much if you could (提出建议和请求),preferably (进一步的要求),and I would like to have this matter settled by (设定解决事情最后期限).Thank you for your consideration and I will be looking forward to your reply. Yours sincerely,Li Hua2.建议信模板一般采取架构三段式写作:(1)点出建议的主题;(2)说明建议的内容;(3)表达愿望。Dear , Im glad to receive your letter asking for my advice on how to (引出对方需要建议的主题). Here are a few suggestions.First,it is important to (建议一).Then,it also helps to (建议二).Besides,it should be a good idea to (建议三).You can also (根据要求用不同的句式提出建议).As to (其他的建议),I suggest (需要具体到某一方面).In addition,(其他的建议).Im sure (预测可能的结果,给对方以行动的信心和决心). I hope you will find my suggestions useful and Im looking forward to (表达愿望). Sincerely yours,Li Hua3.祝贺信模板一般采取架构三段式写作:(1)写清祝贺事由;(2)回顾受贺人的成功经历;(3)进一步表达自己的祝愿。Dear,  I have learned with delight that you (祝贺事由).I would like to extend to you my utmost congratulations on (祝贺事由).You must be (被祝贺人的心情).And I feel very happy for you.  (所取得的成绩)is quite exciting news!I know this is surely owing to (被祝贺人过去的努力).It is a reward you richly deserve for your (被祝贺人的优点). Kindly let me know when you (咨询对方何时有空).I hope (表达自己的愿望).My best wishes for your further success. Yours sincerely,Li Hua【实例1】(2015新课标全国)假定你是李华,你校英文报“外国文化”栏目拟刊登介绍美国节日风俗和中学生生活的短文。请给美国朋友彼得写信约稿,要点如下:1.栏目介绍;2.稿件内容;3.稿件长度:约400词;4.交稿日期:6月28日前。注意:1.词数100左右。2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯;3.开头语已为你写好。Dear Peter,Id like to ask you to write an article for our schools English newspaper.     One possible version:Dear Peter,Id like to ask you to write an article for our schools English newspaper.The “Foreign Cultures” section in our newspaper is very popular among us students.It carries articles written by foreign friends about the cultures of their home countries.Would you please write something about the culture in your part of the United States? And we would especially welcome articles about how Americans spend their holidays and festivals,and the life of American high school students.You can write anything relevant so long as its interesting and informative.400 words would be fine.Could we have your article before June 28?Im looking forward to hearing from you.Yours,Li Hua【实例2】(2015重庆写作二)Bookcrossing.com是一个面向全球的图书分享网站。该网站组织的分享活动有两种参与方式:一是自由分享(wild release),即把书放在指定地点,由其他参与者自由获取;二是定向分享(controlled release),即直接传递给另一位参与者。假设你是李华,请用英文写信申请参加。内容应包括:表明写信目的选择一种分享方式简述做出该选择的理由希望了解更多信息注意:词数不少于80。      One possible version:Dear Sir or Madam,Learning that you are organizing this activity to share books worldwide,I am writing to apply for it for the simple reason that I love reading and I own a large number of books.Youve introduced two ways to share books: wild release and controlled release.Of the two,the latter wins my favor.By the means of controlled release,I only need to deliver books to other participants.Not only are books shared but it can build up a bridge connecting readers from different parts of the world as well.If you could provide more specific information,I would be well grateful.Looking forward to your reply.Yours,Li Hua2.电子邮件Internet的普及,使得越来越多的人使用电子邮件进行交流。与书信比起来,电子邮件没有复杂的格式,只有称呼、正文、结束语、签名等,而内容则与书信没有区别。1.称呼电子邮件一般使用非正式的文体,称呼不像书信那样严格,朋友、同辈之间可以直呼其名,对于长辈可以加上头衔或者姓。 2.正文正文是电子邮件的主体部分。可每段第一行右缩进,转行顶格,也可每行都顶格。3.结束语结束语(客套话)通常也很简明。常常只需一个词,如:“Thanks”“Best”“Cheers”,也可以用一般信函中的“Sincerely yours”或“Best regards”。4.签名直接写发件人的姓名即可。Im writing to ask if you can come next week.我写信是想问你下周能不能来。I was delighted to receive your e-mail.收到你的邮件我很高兴。I cannot tell you how much your e-mail delighted me.我无法表达你的来信使我多么高兴。I intend to give up my present post in order to get a more challenging opportunity.我打算放弃目前的职位,以便得到一个更有挑战性的机会。He is good at solving difficult problems with logical mind.他善于用逻辑思维解决难题。It gave me a great deal of pleasure to learn.我十分高兴地获悉Accept my heartiest congratulations.接受我最衷心的祝贺。I wish/Let us wish you all the happiness in the world!我祝愿/让我们祝愿你享有世界上的一切幸福!Thank you for contributing so much to the pleasure of our stay in.感谢你为使我们在的停留期间过得愉快所做的一切。1.表示感谢的电子邮件模板一般采取架构三段式写作:(1)感谢原因;(2)具体细节;(3)再次感谢。Dear,  I am writing to extend my sincere gratitude for (感谢的原因).If it had not been for your assistance in (对方给予的具体帮助),I fear that I would have been (没有对方帮助的后果). Everyone agrees that it was you who (给出细节). Again,I would like to express my warm thanks to you! Please accept my gratitude.Yours sincerely,Li Hua2.表示邀请的电子邮件模板一般采取架构三段式写作:(1)发出邀请;(2)活动内容介绍;(3)表达愿望。Dear Mr./Mrs., (开门见山提出活动时间、地点).It would be pleasant to have you here(表达邀请愿望).Will you give me the pleasure of your company(正式发出邀请)?During the party/conference,we will have lots of activities/points youll be interested in (开始介绍活动的内容).First .Second .I know/believe youll be very interested (引出受邀请人参加的理由).First/For one thing .Second/For another .The party/conference would not be complete without you(总结受邀请人参加的必要性)!The party/conference will begin at (再次确定具体时间).Is it possible for us to meet at the (提出具体约定地点)?We do hope you can come(再次诚邀). Yours,×××3.表示请求的电子邮件模板一般采取架构三段式写作:(1)提出请求内容并给出原因;(2)提出进一步的请求;(3)致谢并提出愿望。Dear , I am writing to formally request to (请求的内容).The reason for is that (给出原因).I ,so I (给出细节). I would also like to request (提出进一步的要求). I am sorry for any inconvenience I have caused. Thank you for your attention to these requests.If you have any questions,do not hesitate to contact me at (电话号码).Im looking forward to a favorable reply. Yours sincerely,Li Hua(2015新课标全国)假定你是李华,计划和同学去敬老院(nursing home)陪老人们过重阳节(the Double Ninth Festival)。请给外教露西写封邮件,邀她一同前往,内容包括:1.出发及返回时间;2.活动:包饺子、表演节目等。注意:1.词数100左右;2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯;3.结语已为你写好。      Looking forward to your reply.YoursLi HuaOne possible version:Dear Lucy,Id like to invite you to join us for a visit to the nearby nursing home next Saturday for the Double Ninth Festival.It is the day for the elderly in our culture.Well go and make dumplings and cakes with the elderly people there.Well also spend some fun time together singing,dancing and playing games,which we hope will make them happy.We should be back around 4 oclock in the afternoon.If you are able to come with us,please let us know and well wait for you at the school gate at 9 in the morning.Looking forward to your reply.Yours,Li Hua3.日记日记是用来叙述一天生活中发生的重要事情的文体,特别是那些具有教育意义和值得回忆、查阅或参考的事情,其素材应是最有趣或最有感受的一些事情。日记的写作手法灵活,形式多样,以记叙文或简单的议论文为体裁,字数不宜太多。1.日记的格式通常在左上角写星期几(Sunday,Monday,Tuesday等)。随后写日期,顺序可以是月、日、年(如August 5th,2015),也可以是日、月、年 (如5th August,2015)。月份常可写缩略式,如:Jan.,Oct.,Dec.等。在右上角写天气情况(如:rainy,sunny,cloudy,fine等),第二行开始写日记的正文。2.日记的时态记日记的时间,一般是当天晚上或第二天,所做的事情已经过去了,所以动词多用过去时态,间或用过去完成时和过去进行时。当表示习惯的动作、客观事实、普遍真理、名言或谚语时,要使用一般现在时。如果要发表自己的打算或决心,可使用一般将来时。3.表示天气状况的词语fine晴天的;sunny阳光充足的,阳光明媚的;cloudy阴天的,多云的;hot炎热的;cold寒冷的;cool凉爽的;snowy下雪的;foggy有雾的;rainy下雨的;warm暖和的;windy刮风的;stormy暴风雨的。It was a sunny day.那是个晴朗的日子。He praised us/me for what we/I had done.因为我们(我)所做的,他表扬了我们(我)。I was busy but happy today.今天我很忙,却很高兴。We felt happy because we had done a good job.我们都很高兴,因为我们做了一件好事。What a significant day I had today!我今天过得多么有意义啊!From this I realized that we shouldnt waste our time of today and shouldnt put todays work off to tomorrow.由此我意识到我们不应该浪费今天的时间,不应该把今天的事推到明天。Time and tide wait for no man.岁月不等人。Nothing is difficult if you put your heart into it.世上无难事,只怕有心人。Practice makes perfect.熟能生巧。A friend in need is a friend indeed.患难朋友才是真朋友。对于记事式日记,考生需描述事件发生的时间、地点、人物、原因、经过及结果,最后对事件进行简单分析。对这类题型,通常分三个步骤来写,即采取三段式写作。第一段:主题句交代清楚故事涉及的人物、时间、地点。第二段:具体描述具体描述事件发生的原因、经过和结果。第三段:对事件的分析和感受【实例1】(2013北京)假设你是红星中学高三(1)班的学生李华,请根据以下四幅图的先后顺序,用英语写一篇周记,记述爸爸出差期间,妈妈生病,你照顾她的过程。注意:1.周记的开头已经为你写好。2.词数不少于60。Last Monday,     One possible version:Last Monday,my father said goodbye to my mother and me and went on a business trip.He would be away for three days.Just the next morning,I found my mother wasnt feeling well.She had a cold.I immediately went to get her some medicine and then prepared some noodles for her.With my special care,my mother recovered quickly.When my father came back home,my mother told him what had happened.He praised me for what I had done.I feel very happy that I have done something for my mother.【实例2】最近,你们班召开了以“我的中国梦”为主题的班会活动。请你用英语写一篇日记,叙述班会情况。内容要点:1.每位同学都畅谈了自己对“中国梦”的理解;2.谈谈自己的梦想;3.如何实现自己的梦想。注意:1.词数不少于100;2.不可逐条翻译;3.开头部分已给出,不计入总词数。Wednesday,April 8thFineRecently,we had a class meeting on the topic of My China Dream.               One possible version:Wednesday,April 8thFineRecently,we had a class meeting on the topic of My China Dream.Inspired by President Xi Jinpings China Dream,everyone talked enthusiastically about his understanding of the China Dream.We all believe that this dream will come true in the future.I also talked about my own dream.I have always wanted to be a doctor.Not only can doctors save peoples lives but also can help people to live a better life with their professional knowledge.To realize my dream,I must try to work hard from now on.I must learn as much as I can so that I can get into a good medical college,where I can prepare myself adequately for the job of a doctor.Only in this way can I achieve my goal.4.通知通知主要是上级对下级,组织对成员布置工作、传达精神或召开会议时所采用的一种文体。当然,同级的组织、单位有事情要互相讨论或协商,也可以互发通知。通知不同于书信、日记等文体,语言要规范,切忌使用模糊不清的语言和俗语。时间、地点及有关事宜一定要交代清楚。在通知中,被动语态使用较多,且多半用将来时态。通知包括口头通知和书面通知两种:1.口头通知口头通知只是一种备用稿的形式,发通知的单位和日期都可以省略不写,开头往往要有称呼语,结尾通常也有结束语,在写口头通知的时候一般不加标题。既然是口头通知,在语言上应尽可能口语化,如:There will be.;Were going to.等。口头通知在写作时,多用第二人称表示被通知的对象。2.书面通知书面通知是一种比较正式的通知,为了醒目起见,一般要有标题(NOTICE),要写明发通知的单位及日期,以便让有关人员一目了然。发通知的单位名称,应写在“Notice”一词上面,也可写在正文后面右下角。较正式的通知必须有单位负责人的署名,署名下面写上职务。发通知的日期一般写在左下角,但有时可以省略。写书面通知要力求简明扼要,通常由以下五点组成,即时间、地点、事情、相关人员以及注意事项等。书面通知的时态:常使用一般将来时和一般现在时。书面通知的对象:一般采用第二人称。口头通知通常使用下列句型:1.称呼语:Boys and girls孩子们Dear classmates亲爱的同学们Ladies and gentlemen女士们,先生们2.正文开头:Attention,please.请注意。May I have your attention,please?请注意!Please be quiet.请安静一下。I have something important to tell you.我有重要的事要告诉你们。Ive got something important to announce/say.我有重要的事要宣布(说)。Ive got an announcement to make.我有个通知要发布。Im glad to tell you that.我非常高兴地告诉你们3.结束语:Dont be late.不要迟到了。Be sure not to be late.一定不要迟到。Please be present on time.请准时到场。Please take your notebooks with you and be on time.请带着笔记本准时到场。Those who are interested in it are warmly welcome.我们将热烈欢迎那些对此感兴趣的人。Thats all.Thank you.就这么多,非常感谢。书面通知通常使用的语句有:Notice is given here that. 通知说All of you are requested to note that.通知要求你们所有的人注意A report on computers will be given by Prof.Smith.史密斯教授将给我们做一个关于计算机的报告Class One and Class Two,Grade One will go to the Xishan Park to.一年级一班和二班将到西山公园去Please be there on time.请按时到那儿。Everybody is expected to attend.希望所有的人都参加The sports meet will be put off till.运动会将推迟到1.口头通知模板一般多采用三段式或一段三层式写作。Greeting(Boys and girls/Ladies and gentlemen/Friends,)May I have your attention,please? I have an announcement to make.There will be (通知内容) in/at (地点、时间).The (内容).All the teachers and students are required (要求). Thats all.Thank you.2.书面通知模板一般多采用一段三层式写作。Title (Notice/NOTICE)In order to (目的), (活动/事件)will be held (具体地点、时间).The (事件大体内容).Those who (要求). All are welcome to join in the contest. (发布通知者) (通知发布日期) 【实例1】假如你是班长,根据下面的内容和提示,写一篇100词左右的口头通知。事由:欢迎澳大利亚学生来校参观。参观时间:6月15日上午9:0012:00。参观人数:约60人。活动安排:1.8:30在校门口迎接。2.9:00带客人到会议室开联欢会。3.领客人参观植物园、校办工厂。4.11:00在操场进行篮球比赛。5.客