最新年人教版八年级下册英语知识点总结名师优秀教案.docx

2016年人教版八年级下册英语知识点总结2016年八年级知识点有哪些?下面为大家分享最新八年级英语重点句型和短语，希望对大家学习有帮助!一、 have fun doing sth.【句型介绍】 意为"做某事有乐趣"，其中have fun 相当于enjoy oneself，表示过得愉快。1. 英语中的集体名词，如family, class, team等作主语时，若作为一个整体看，其后的谓语动词用单数;若强调其组成成员，谓语动词用复数。如：My family is a happy one. 我家是个幸福的家庭。My family are all watching TV. 我们全家人都在看电视。2. 在比较级中，要注意than后面人称代词的格。1)当句子中的谓语动词是不及物动词时，than后面的代词用主格还是宾格，在意思上通常没有区别。如：He runs faster than I / me. 他跑得比我快。They get to school earlier than we / us every day. 他们每天都比我们到校早。2)当句中的谓语动词是及物动词时，than后面的人称代词用主格还是宾格在意思上就有差别了。试比较：I like you more than he. (=I like you more than he likes you.) 我比他更喜欢你。I like you more than him. (=I like you more than I like him.) 你和他相比，我更喜欢你。3. 不定式作定语时，应放在被修饰词的后面，一般指一个还没有发生的动作。如：Do you have anything to say about this? 有关这件事你有没有什么要说的?4. 在比较句型中，than后面的谓语动词常常省略。也可以用相应的助动词来代替与前面相同的谓语动词，以避免重复。如：Tom does better at the lessons than I (do). 汤姆功课比我好。She ate less than I (did) for breakfast. 她早饭吃得比我少。5. You'd better . 是You had better . 的缩写形式。 had better 为固定短语，意为"最好."，后接动词原形，常用来提出建议或劝告，其否定形式是"had better not + 动词原形"。如：You'd better not stay there too long. 你最好别在那里呆得太久。We had fun playing computer games. 我们玩电脑游戏很愉快。【句式比较】 have a good / nice / wonderful time doing sth. 做某事有乐趣Did you have a good / nice / wonderful time visiting that country? 访问那个国家你们快乐吗?【特别提醒】 句中fun为不可数名词，表乐趣，前面不能加不定冠词。二、 But I don't know what to do.【句型介绍】 疑问词 + 不定式可作主语、宾语或表语。I don't know how to get her help. 我不知道怎样才能得到她的帮助。Where to buy this kind of seed is unknown to me. 我不知道去哪儿购买这种种子。My question is when to leave for Tokyo. 我的问题是什么时候去东京。【句式比较】 疑问词 + 不定式可转换成连词(原疑问词)引导的主语从句、宾语从句和表语从句。I don't know where we can find her. 我不知道在哪儿能找到她。How she will go there is still a secret. 她怎么去那里还是一个谜。Her question is how she can pass the exam. 她的问题是她怎样才能通过这次考试。【特别提醒】 疑问词 + 不定式转换成宾语从句时应用陈述语序。三、 This is . speaking.【句型介绍】 该句为打电话用语，用来进行自我介绍，This代表我，speaking可以省去。Hello! This is Tom (speaking). 你好，我是汤姆。【句式比较】 Who is that (speaking)? 你是谁?that用来询问对方是谁，speaking可以省去。 Is that . (speaking)? 你是.吗?that也用来询问对方是谁， speaking也可以省去。This is Mary (speaking). Who is that (speaking)? 我是玛丽，你是谁?Is that Jane (speaking)? 你是詹妮吗?【特别提醒】 this不能换成I， that不能换成you。四、 hear sb. / sth. doing【句型介绍】 意为"听见某人 / 物正在做."，句中doing为现在分词作宾语补足语，表示动作正在进行，强调一个过程。Just then I heard someone crying "Help! Help!" 就在那时，我听见有人在喊"救命啊!救命!"【句式比较】 hear sb. / sth. do sth. 听见某人 / 物做某事，句中do为不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语，表动作已经结束，强调一个结果。I heard him sing three songs. 我听见他唱了三首歌。hear sb. / sth. done听见某人 / 物被.，done为动词的过去分词作宾语补足语，强调被动。Do you often hear this song sung by him? 你经常听见他唱这首歌吗?【特别提醒】 在这些句型中的hear可换成see, feel, watch等感官动词。初二1-7单元重点短语一、 名词短语a waste of time 浪费(白费)时间field trip 野外旅游the day after tomorrow后天Terra Cotta Warriors 兵马俑Thanksgiving Day 感恩节on Mid-autumn Day / Festival 在中秋节二、 动词短语go fishing 去钓鱼go boating 去划船go hiking 去徒步旅行go on a picnic 去野餐trip over (被.)绊倒hurry up 赶快get home 回家get together 相聚agree with . 同意.意见(想法);符合ask for 请求;询问come up 走近;发生;上来;流行come over 过来;抓住三、 介、副词短语in the open air 在户外;在野外on time 准时at the front / back of 在前 / 后面in front of 在.前面in the country 在乡下in town 在城里on the left /right side 在左 / 右边up and down 上上下下;来来回回四、 其它短语(not) . any more再也不;不能再.all the same 仍然; 还是had better (do) 最好(做.)八年级8-14单元重点句型一、I'm sorry to hear that.句型介绍 该句是对所听说的不幸事件的回答用语，含义为"真遗憾;听到那件事我很难过"。-I didn't pass the exam. 我没通过这次考试。-I'm sorry to hear that. 真遗憾。-My grandfather died yesterday. 我的祖父昨天去世了。-I'm sorry to hear that. 我很难过。知识拓展 1. I'm glad to hear that. 我真高兴听到那事。-I have managed to buy a ticket for tonight's film. 我设法买到了今晚的电影票。-I'm (very) glad to hear that. 真替你高兴。2. Congratulations. 恭喜你。-I've just married a beautiful girl. 我刚刚娶了一位漂亮姑娘。-Congratulations. 恭喜你。二、be good for句型介绍 意为"有益于."， for后面接名词。Is swimming good for your health?游泳有益于你的身体健康吗?I think timely rain is good for the crops. 我认为适时地下雨对庄稼生长有好处。知识拓展 be good to 对.友好;be good at 擅长.She is always good to me. 她对我一直很友好。She is good at singing popular songs. 她擅长唱流行歌曲。三、ask sb. for sth.句型介绍 意为"向某人要某物"，sb.与sth.位置不得颠倒。Can I ask you for help?你能帮帮我吗?To tell you the truth, when I have trouble, I always ask her for advice. 跟你说老实话，每当我有麻烦时总向她征求意见。知识拓展 ask for sth. 要求得到某物;ask for sb.要求见某人Yesterday he asked me for money. 昨天他向我要钱。Did anybody ask for me during my absence?我不在的时候有人找过我吗?四、be born in句型介绍 意为"出生于"，后接地点状语或时间状语。He was born in a small town in 1995. 1995年他出生于一个小镇上。In which city was he born in 1988?1988年他出生在哪一个城市?知识拓展 be born of出生于.家庭It is said that he was born of a teacher's family. 据说他出生于教师的家庭。五、good luck with sth.句型介绍 祝贺用语，with后面接事物名词。Good luck with your exam. 祝你考试好运。Good luck with your journey. 祝你旅途顺利。知识拓展 good luck to sb. 祝.好运Good luck to you. 祝你好运。六、get married to句型介绍 意为"和.结婚"，强调动作，若不接宾语，应省to。She got married to a foreigner last year. 去年她和一个老外结了婚。Did she get married last year?她是去年结婚的吗?知识拓展 be married to "和.结婚"，强调状态。She was married to Li Ping. 她嫁给了李平。值得注意的是，get married to属终止性动词短语，不可和表示时间段的状语连用，但be married to却可以，因为它是持续性动词短语。七、Would you like to . ?句型介绍 该句用来提出请求，含义为"你愿意.吗"，to后面接动词原形。Would you like to give me some help?你愿意给我提供一些帮助吗?Would you like to repair this bike for me?你愿意为我修这辆自行车吗?知识拓展 Will / Would you please .?please后面应接动词原形，含义为"你愿意.吗"。Will you please water these flowers?请你给这些花浇水，好吗?Would you please give me some money?你给我点儿钱，好吗?八、Thanks a lot for .句型介绍 该句为感谢用语，含义为"非常感谢."，也可说成Thank you very much for .， for为介词，后面可接名词、代词、动名词。Thanks a lot for your kind help.感谢您友好的帮助。Thank you very much for coming to see me.感谢你来看我。知识拓展 be thankful to sb. for sth.因某事对某人感激I'm thankful to you for your kindness.感谢您的好意。九、last from . to .句型介绍 意为"从.持续到."，from和to后面均应接时间名词。Our sports meeting will last from Friday to Sunday. 我们的运动会将从星期五持续到星期日。Their summer camp will last from October 1st to November 1st. 他们的夏令营将从10月1日持续到11月1日。知识拓展 go on to . 延续到.1、 Feel well/bad2、 Wake up (somebody)fall asleep3、 As soon as4、 Be busy doing/with something5、 Stop doing/to do/somebody from doing6、 Go down7、 Have something to do8、 Sleeping pills9、 Be awakebe asleep10、 Light music11、 In the band12、 Try something/doing something13、 Try to do something14、 A piece of music15、 Again and again16、 系动词：be/sound look seem smell taste feel/get turn become17、 Look nice on18、 Be/keep quiet19、 Instead of something/doing20、 Make trouble21、 enough+名词/形容词或副词+enough22、 Be thin/fat23、 Nothing much wrong/nothing serious24、 Look over25、 At the weekend26、 have been to+地点27、 Land on28、 Pull something out of/up from29、 Keep something cool30、 All by oneself=alone31、 Perhaps=maybe32、 No longer=no more=not any longer=not any more33、 Get back/get something back34、 Sooner or later35、 Drop something36、 Run after37、 Run away38、 Eat up39、 On the bank40、 A few-few41、 A little-little42、 A little=a bit43、 Pass something to somebody=pass somebody something44、 Help oneself to45、 Hot food46、 Seem to do/that47、 Fast food48、 Be popular with49、 Enjoy/enjoy oneself50、 Enjoy something/doing51、 Have a taste/taste like52、 In the city of53、 Both of/both And B54、 Either or/either of55、 Neither nor/neither of56、 Agree with/to57、 Withwith out58、 Take awayhome cooking59、 Take a seat60、 By the window61、 Take ones order62、 Go/walk alone/up/down63、 Go on64、 Cross=go across65、 Take the first crossing on the right=turn right at the first crossing66、 At/in the corner67、 Be sick/ill68、 In hospital69、 In the hospital70、 Arrive at/in / get to / reach71、 At the end of72、 Feel like doing73、 Look over74、 Wake somebody up75、 It takes somebody + time + to do76、 Be wakebe strong77、 Quite a long way78、 Had better do/not do79、 Be happy/sorry/sad to do80、 Look around81、 情态动词:can/cant/may/must/mustnt/have to82、 Be sure about/of/to do/that83、 In time/on time84、 Make ones way to85、 The sign of86、 Just then/just now87、 Make a noise88、 Stand a line89、 Wait for ones turn90、 Stop doing/to do91、 Jump the queue92、 At the head of93、 Laugh at94、 Make a mistake95、 Throw something about96、 In fact97、 At midnight98、 Ring the door bell99、 Complain about100、 Quarrel with somebody101、 Agree with somebodysomething102、 Agree with something103、 No longer (在句子中间)104、 No more (在句子尾部)105、 Not too bad106、 Not at all107、 在时间之后 after (过去时)in (现在时)108、 Wake somebody up109、 Stop somebody from doing110、 Spend on something111、 Spend in doing112、 So +助+主(做相同的事情)113、 So+主+助(同意前者的说法)1. Subject (主语) + Verb (谓语)这种句型中的动词大多是不及物动词，这些动词常见的有：appear, apologize,arrive, come, die, disappear, exist, fall, happen, rise,等等。如：The students work very hard.学生们学习很努力。She apologized to me again. 她再次向我道歉。The accident happened yesterday evening.事故是昨天晚上发生的。2. Subject (主语) + Link. V(系动词) + Predicate(表语)这种句型中的系动词一般可分为下列两类：经过同一直线上的三点不能作圆.(1)表示状态的连系动词。这些词有：be, look, seem, appear, smell, taste, sound, keep, remain, 等等。如：3、第五单元“加与减(二)”，第六单元“加与减(三)” 在“加与减”的学习中，结合生活情境，学生将经历从具体情境中抽象出加减法算式的过程，进一步体会加减法的意义;探索并掌握100以内加减法(包括不进位、不退位与进位、退位)和连加、连减、加减混合的计算方法，并能正确计算;能根据具体问题，估计运算的结果;初步学会应用加减法解决生活中简单问题，感受加减法与日常生活的密切联系。Several players lay flat on the playground.几个队员平躺在操场上。We should remain modest and prudent any time.我们在任何时候都应该保持谦虚谨慎。This kind of food tastes terrible.这种食物吃起来很糟糕。The picture looks more beautiful at a certain distance.这幅画在一定的距离看更漂亮一些。(2)表示转变或结果的系动词。这些词有：become, get, grow, turn, go, come, prove,等等。如：Spring comes. It is getting warmer and warmer.春天到了，天气变得越来越暖和。（1）理解确定一个圆必备两个条件:圆心和半径,圆心决定圆的位置,半径决定圆的大小. 经过一点可以作无数个圆,经过两点也可以作无数个圆,其圆心在这个两点线段的垂直平分线上.Don't have the food. It has gone bad.不要吃那种食物，已经变质了。1、在现实的情境中理解数学内容，利用学到的数学知识解决自己身边的实际问题，获得成功的体验，增强学好数学的信心。The facts prove true.事实证明是正确的。3. Subject(主语) + Verb (谓语) + Object (宾语)145.286.3加与减（三）2 P81-83这种句型中的动词应为及物动词或者可以后接宾语的动词短语。同时，句子中有时含有与宾语有关的状语。作宾语的成分常是：名词、代词、动词不定式、动名词或从句。如：You can put the books in your bag.你可以把书放在书包里。Farmers in our area grow lots of vegetables.我们这里的农民种很多种蔬菜。She lost the chance to make her appearance on the stage.她失去了在舞台上露面的机会。I prefer to make web pages.我更喜欢做网页。4. Subject(主语)+Verb(谓语)+ Indirect object(间接宾语)+Direct object (直接宾语)这种句型中作间接宾语的常常指“人”，直接宾语常常指“物”。如：点在圆上 <=> d=r;Yesterday her father bought her a bicycle as a birthday present.昨天她父亲给她买了一辆自行车作为生日礼物。The old man is telling the children stories in the Long March.老人正在给孩子们讲长征中的故事。这种句型还可转换为其他两种句型：1)动词 + 宾语 + for sb.; 2)动词 + 宾语+to sb.。如：1、认真研读教材，搞好课堂教学研究工作，向课堂要质量。充分利用学生熟悉、感兴趣的和富有现实意义的素材吸引学生，让学生主动参与到各种数学活动中来，提高学习效率，激发学习兴趣，增强学习信心。提倡学法的多样性，关注学生的个人体验。Please show me your picture.-Please show your picture to me.请把你的画给我看一下。I'll offer you a good chance as long as you don?t lose heart.I'll offer a good chance for you as long as you don't lose heart.当a越大，抛物线开口越小；当a越小，抛物线的开口越大。只要你不失去信心，我会给你提供机会的。5. Subject(主语)+Verb (动词)+Object (宾语)+Complement(补语)3、观察身边的简单物体，初步体会从不同角度观察物体所看到的形状可能是不同的，学生将经历从立体图形到平面图形的过程,认识长方形、正方形、三角形、圆等平面图形，初步体会面在体上，进一步发展空间观念。这种句型中的宾语+ 补语可统称为“复合宾语”。担任补语的常常是名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、分词、动词不定式等。如：Keep the children quiet, please. 请让孩子们安静下来。He painted the wall white. 他把墙漆成白色。(2)如圆中有直径的条件,可作出直径上的圆周角.（直径添线成直角）We found him an honest person.我们发现他是一个诚实的人。His mother told him not to play on the street.他母亲告诉他不要在街上玩。注意：动词have, make, let, see, hear, notice, feel, observe, watch等后面所接的动词不定式作宾补时，不带to。如：The boss made him do the work all day.老板让他整天做那项工作。