[英语学习]写作.doc

写作：30 小作文：信件 10 5-7 4分以下：不完整 8-9 大作文：漫画作文 20 9-13 6 以下：跑题 14-16 ：语言思路：笔记语言：固定句型，范文真题：讲解练习：写，部分，全篇15 小作文：信件Directions仔细阅读directions1. 称呼 write a letter to _ 1) 姓名：Dear 姓名， Dear Bob, Dear Mr. Wang, 2) 职务，职业，身份 Dear职务，职业，身份 Dear Editor, Dear Editors, Sales Manager, 3) 部门，机构 To whom it may concern, Dear Sir or Madam, 11: Dear Friend, 2. 署名 using . Yours sincerely, Sincerely yours, 空一行Li Ming 三段：3. 信件类型 （para1） 目的动词：to do, doing ( write a letter to 后，提纲)） 态度：apology, thanks, congratulations , praise, complaints 事件 05、08 ：道歉） 大包小 09,07 建议信 06： 求助信两大类. 与事件有关：感谢，道歉，投诉，祝贺，表扬. 与中心话题有关：建议，求助，邀请，推荐，申请. 细节 （para 2 ）三段：目的 Para2 ：细节 Para3 ：语域正文写作：第一段：信件目的句） 固定句型 I am writing to I am to write to I am here to write to 动词2）关键词体现信件类型投诉： complain about/ of . To make/ lodge/ present/ issue/ raise my complaints about/ of To express / extend / deliver/ convey my dissatisfaction/ disappointment about 道歉： To apologize to you for To say sorry to you for To express/ extend my apology to you for To deliver my regret/ pity about 感谢：To thank you for / appreciate your , To be thankful/ grateful/ appreciated / obliged to you for To express/ convey my thanks/ appreciation/ gratitude/ obligation to you for 建议：To lodge / present/ issue/ address my suggestions/ advice/ proposals on .To lodge solutions/ measures/ approaches to 求助：ask for your help/ favor/ assistance/ aid in To beg you to do me a favor/ offer me a hand in 总结： 表达：express, extend, convey, deliver Eg. I am writing to extend my congratulations to you on . 提出： lodge, issue, address, present, raise Eg. I am writing to address my invitation to you to . 4) 事件、话题 （简要提及）介词+事件问题 （名词）名词概括experience/ mistake/ carelessness/ lapse of attention/ help/ reminding / instructions Eg. 05 I am writing to express my apology to you for my decision to resign from my present position. 08: I am writing to extend my apology to you for my carelessness to take your CD by mistake. 动名词：doing 从句省略结构 what/ how to do Eg. 07 : I, as a student in our university, am here to write to lodge my suggestions on how to promote the service in the library. 09: I，a reader of your newspaper, am writing to make some proposals on what to do with the white pollution. 一句话：1） 固定句型） 关键词） 事件和话题Eg. 11 I am writing to introduce to you a movie to my taste for your enjoyment. 介绍自己. 双方熟悉 ：不介绍. 双方不熟悉：可以写可以不写 As +n （身份）：主谓之间第二段：细节事件类：投诉，道歉，感谢，祝贺，表 事件经过+事件影响+解决方案. 事件经过：过去时， 2句 S1- 次要细节 S2-（递进，强调）主要细节递进，强调：to ones n. To my joy/ movement/ dissatifaction/ disappointment/ fury/ regret/ pity/ To my surprise/ beyond my imagination08:is not long since Ived home from Canada. To my surprise, your CD turned out to be in my baggage. 05: is two months sincebegan to work as an editor for your magazine. Beyond my imagination, two months of experience here led me to realize my inability to adapt to the position. Therefore, I hate to inform you of my resignation. 2) 事件影响 2句衔接手段：由于。 Due to/ because of/ owing to/ thanks to / on account of 正反对比，虚实结合S3笼统表达 Much inconvenience/ loss/ Many gains/ many benefits Inconvenience/ loss to some extent S4 - 具体影响（假设）for/ without/ if it were not for , would do/ wouldnt do Eg. 08 Due to the carelessness, you must have felt much inconvenience. But for it, you would be able to enjoy the music in the CD. S3 投诉： Due to the mistake/ ill-behavior/ lapse of attention/ defects, I hate to mention/ recall much inconvenience / loss thus caused to me. 道歉： Due to the mistake/ ill-behavior/ lapse of attention/ defects, I must have caused much inconvenience/ loss to you ./ I hate to see much inconvenience / loss thus caused to you. / you must have felt/ experiencecd/ undergone much inconvenience/ loss. 感谢：、 thanks to the help/ favor/ instruction, I must have had a lot of gains/ I must have benefited from it. 05: Due to the abrupt decision, I hate to see much loss thus caused. If it were not for my resignation, you wouldnt need to take time and energy to hunt for a substitute for me. 3) 解决措施 投诉：处理投诉具体办法 道歉：弥补损失具体办法 感谢：回报对方具体办法衔接手段：照应，顺承 Considering/ given/ based on the situation To make up for / compensate for / reward . (主语发出不定式动作)道歉：就事论事08： make up for the mistake, Ipost it back to you as soon as possible. 05:To reduce the loss to the largest extent, Ikeep working until the proper candidate can take over my duty. 感谢： 万能：当面致谢reward I would like to 感谢in person/ formally/ personally when opportunity arises. 投诉：万能：郑重道歉 is appreciated / expected for you to 道歉 formally/ in a formal way. 具体： Refund what I paid Replace it with a new one without defects mentioned above Put a prompt end to the behavior and ensure the impossibility of similar matters. Ask for compensations 倍数as much as paid 事件类第二段总结Level 1 Level 2Level 3 经过 （2）影响（4） 措施投诉S1-次要（1）S2-主要S3-虚指S4-具体（3）（假设） 处理方法（委婉）道歉弥补措施（真诚）感谢回报途径（真诚） 衔接手段（1） 递进强调 to ones （2） 因果：由于 介词（3） 假设：虚拟（4） 对应顺承：非谓语动词举一反三：祝贺信S1回顾取得成绩S2- 最值得一提成绩 S3- 成绩很有意义S4要不是。 不会。(具体)向对方学习表扬信S1回顾好人好事S2- 最闪光点S3- 很多意义S4- 要不是。 具体S5向对方学习话题类第二段：总分结构S1- 话题总体概括（不与第一段提出话题重合）背景知识S2从不同角度展开建议信：问题+具体建议求助信：话题+具体要求邀请信：活动+具体希望申请信：职位+具体优点. 建议信S1- 话题评价描述） 中性话题：（让步）好处（转折）改进空间转折：yet, still , meanwhile 让步： though/ although +句子 In spite of / despite/ regardless of 好处: be good for/ play an important role Provide an access to Fulfill the purpose of Afford . 话题 动词 语= 宾语 done by 话题Eg. Although the library plays animportant ole in our study, = Regardless of an important role played by the library in our study Though the library provides an access to knowledge, = Despite an access to knowledge provided by the library 改进空间There is still much room for its perfection/ improvement. There is still much room to promote/ boost/ foster . There is much reason to justify the improvement of it. There remain to be some points that need to work on. S2 - 具体建议 （ 并列，平行列举）是什么为什么First, first of all, in the first place, initially, primarily Whats more, next, then Besides, in addition, additionally , equally 给出展开角度：当谈到。With respect to As regardsWhen it comes to In terms of As far as 。 is concerned Eg. 07 With respect to its open time 建议角度) it is wise to extend the open time to 11 p.m.（具体建议内容） considering that most students can only go to the library after a whole days study. （建议理由）As regards the variety of books in the library, it is desired that the library can increase the diversity of books available to students in that it can satisfy the needs of students from different majors. 引出建议理由Considering/ given/ in that/ stemming from the fact that In order to do/ so as to do / with the purpose of doing 提出建议：不用should 委婉: It is wise/ reasonable/ sensible/ rational/ desirable to do It is desired/ appreciated/ welcome/ that 2) 消极（so/such）不好+ （that）应该解决所以：, in this case, hence, consequently 倒装Such adverse/ negative/ hazardous/ harmful impacts/ influence/ effects has it imposed/ exerted/ afforded on that its time to tackle/ handle/ cope with/ do with There is much reason to justify thesolutions/ measures/ approaches taken to 解决S2具体建议 （平行）Such adverse impacts has white pollution imposed on health as well as the environment that there is much reason to justify the measures taken to eliminate it. First of all, everyone is expected to be equipped with the awareness of the hazards of white pollution, for it is the fundemental solution to the current situation. Equally, it is wise to estalish relevant laws and regualtions to ban the use of plastic bags, which serves as the major source of the pollution. 建议信第二段S1- 好+改进/ 不好+解决S2- 过渡句：我的建议如下S3- 建议一S4- 建议二S5总结句过渡句：我的建议如下Listed as follows are my suggestions, which may be of some help. My suggestions are as follows , which may be of some value to its solution. 总结句IN this case, the problem promises to be solved properly. . 求助信 S1- 总括：理由，意义 S2过渡句 （希望能够满足如下要求）S- 具体要求一 S- 具体要求二 具体要求三 I have always been an enthusiast about the Project Hope, especially want to participate in it by financing a student in need. Hence, your favor means a lot to me. With respect to the qualifications of the student, Ihim or her to be one who has a strong desire to pursue the study while hindered by economic odds. When it comes to how to fulfill my plan, I will give away 300 yuan every year until he or she completes the compulsory education. 话题类第二段总结Level 1Level 2Level 3 总体描述（2） 过渡层次（3） 具体展开建议（1） 好+改进不好+解决我的建议如下建议123 （委婉）求助理由，意义重申求助我的要求如下要求123（委婉） 衔接手段（1） 让步，转折 ，因果（2） 过渡句（3） 平行列举举一反三邀请信 S1- 活动描述，对方参加意义 S2希望对方做到如下S3要求一S4要求二S5相信对方给我们带来我们所需要的推荐信：S1- 总体评价S2如下优点S3优点一S4- 优点二S5- 相信对方可以胜任申请信：S1- 理由， 意义S2- 如下优点S3- 优点一S4- 优点二S5- 相信双赢机会Eg. 11 The movieTitantic, as for me, is one that impresses me deeply even long after I first saw it. I was extremely touched by its plots as well as the wonderful performance of actors in it. First, it is through its plot that Iome to realize the truth that true love is independent of the gap in social status. Second, with such vivid performance of the actors can the truth be precisely conveyed. As for me, I view it as a movie which deserves close watch and your consideration. 第三段：语域（语言得体） . 希望自己要求能够得到满足（委婉+致谢） I will be greatly appreciated/ obliged/ grateful/ more than delighted if 要求 If my complaints/ suggestions/ invitation/ application can be given immediate and favorable consideration. 投诉： If my complaints can be dealt with promptly in my favor 建议：if my suggestions can be adopted/ accepted/ put into practice 邀请：if my invitation can be accepted 申请：if my application can be considered promptly . 希望收到对方回复 （渴望+真诚） Ilooking forward to/ awaiting / expecting/ anticipating/ eager for your reply at your earliest convenience. . 再次表达感谢，道歉，祝贺，表扬完整句子Again, once again, once more (插入语)，once more, would like to thank you for . 弥补回报对方愿望 （真诚） I frankly / sincerely wish to / expect to reward/ make up for/ compensate for . As far as I/ as much as I can. 第三段：2句 投诉：1+2 道歉：3+4 感谢：3+4 建议：1+2 求助：1+2 邀请：1+2 申请：1+2 / 要求面试, 联系自己 I am looking forward to an opportunity for an interview. If further information is needed, dont hestitate to contact me at 电话、 by e-mail. 推荐：1+ If further information is needed, dont hestitate to contact me at 电话、 by e-mail. 祝贺：3+祝愿更大成绩 may you achieve more in the future. 表扬：3+ 更多人或事 信件：8句 （120 words） 大作文：漫画作文 三段：160-200 180 -220 1）述漫画 describe the picture and 象征意义 intended meaning 评论看法 comments/ implications Examples 题材社会现象 积极： 10，02 中性： 09，06 消极： 05，03精神 积极08， 07，,04, 01正文写作第一段：描述漫画 错误：1. 段首不要评价漫画2后一句不要提及象征意义三句话 S1漫画次要细节 S2-（递进，突出）漫画主要细节（与象征意义紧密） S3-启下句（引出象征意义）如何判断主要次要细节） 单人物单图 S1- 人物在做什么 S2- 在环境 09 08 04 10 人物 网民 残疾人 上 走向远方背景环境 隔开 互相搀扶 文化） 单图多人物 群体：同单人单图 主次：S1次要人物 父亲 S2- 主要人物 子女） 单人物多图次要：相同点花朵风雨主要：不同点温室表现） 多人多图：逐图描述 06 S1次要细节） The picture describes/ shows/ depicts/ portrays/ reveals/ reflects/ demonstrates/ illustrates / presents that 宾语从句Eg. 04 The picture portrays that an athlete is running through the terminal. What impresses me deeply is that the terminal means more a start than an end to him, from which he embarks on another round. 2) The picture description） ws/ depicts/ portrays/ reveals/ reflects/ demonstrates/ illustrates / presents the scene / situation that 同位语从句eg. 02 The picture demonstrates the scene that an American is smiling in a graceful manner. What deserves my attention is that her smile takes on a particularly bright look against the traditional Chinese dress in her. The implications of the picture deserves my further exploration and profound reflection. 2) The picture offers a description/ portrait/ demonstration/ revealation/ reflection/ presentation of 人，物，who/ which be doing 定语从句eg. 10 The picture offers a portrait of a hot pot , which is boiling with some ingredients in it. Strikingly, what is being cooked in the hot pot are in the form of diverse cultural forms blending naturally with each other, ranging from western to oriental, classical to contemporary, national to global. 5) 倒装句In the picture/ in front of my eyes/ in my presence lie/ exist/ emerge/ arise/ stand 人物 ， who/ which be doingEg. 05 In the picture/ in front of my eyes arises an old father acting as a football, who is lying in the middle of the court. 描述 ed in the picture is/ are 人物，who/ which be doing Revealed in the picture is an old father , who is S2 主要细节突出：upon closer observation/ examination Ly： strikingly, noticably What： what arouses my interest is that What can never be ignored is that What can never escape my attention is that What impresses/ touches/ strikes me deeply is that What deserves my closer examination is that What draws my attention is that S3 - 启下句Simple as the picture is, the meaning it conveys is far-reaching and thought-provoking. Seeing the picture, I cannot help pondering over/ reflecting on the profound meaning intended through it. What is intended through the picture, clearly, far exceeds what is presented through the picture. There is much reason to pour consideration and reflection to what is really implied through the picture. The implications of the picture deserves my further exploration and profound reflection. 图中表现和真实身份不一致两者都要交待图中表现 a symbol of / symbolizing/ standing for/ representing/ equivalent to 真实身份真实身份 in the form of / acting as 图中表现第二段：象征意义+说明，展开（总分） S1概括象征意义：基于文字提示） 比喻：喻体还原成本体：温室：溺爱 花朵：孩子 风雨：困难 Childern, if over-spoiled, cannot stand the test of difficulty. 01: 黑暗：困境 明亮：克服困难 Love can help those in trouble overcome the difficulty confronting them. 2) 个体代表一类：个体扩展类别02：美国女孩：外国人服装；传统文化 The influence of Chinese traditional cultures has gone beyond the boundary of China, exerting increasi