城市轨道交通数字视频监控系到统的构成与发展.doc
城市轨道交通数字视频监控系统的构成与发展摘 要：城市轨道交通数字视频监控系统由控制中心监视子系统、列车司机监视子系统和视频传输部分构成。本文介绍了该系统的功能与发展，并对轨道交通视频监控系统的组网提出建议。关键词：轨道交通；视频监控；构成；功能；发展 1 前言 城市轨道交通视频监控系统是行车组织和客运组织重要的辅助设备，是保证运输安全、应对紧急事态的重要手段。目前可用于组网的系统有数字控制的模拟视频监控和数字视频监控。前者技术发展已经成熟，在工程中得到广泛应用，但由于视频监控系统中信息流的形态没有变，仍为模拟的视频信号，系统的网络结构主要是一种单功能、单向、集总方式的信息采集网络，介质专用的特点，具有一定的局限性，要满足更高的要求，必须采用数字视频监控系统。2 系统的构成及功能2.1 系统构成 数字视频监控系统由控制中心监视子系统、车站监视子系统、列车司机监视子系统和视频传输部分构成统一的数字视频监控网络，其系统构成示意图如图 1 所示。2.1.1 控制中心监视子系统 控制中心监视子系统由数字监控主机、数字监控分机、高清晰度视频编解码器（Wavelet 编码）和监视器组成。 数字监控主机完成对各车站高清晰视频信号（Wavelet 编码）的切换、摄像机的控制、高清晰度视频录像、普通视频（MPEG-4 编码）编解码等功能。控制中心对车站摄像机有优先控制权。 数字监控分机可根据需要和设定的权限，完成对各车站摄像机普通视频信号的切换、控制、录像等。 视频编解码器是实现网络化、数字化处理的重要设备，它完成模拟视频监视信号的数字采集、影像压缩、监控数据处理、报警信号的采集、网络的Web 发布等功能。它可将前端的模拟信号同时处理成高清晰的实时数字图像并发布到网络系统中。2.1.2 车站监视子系统 车站监视子系统由摄像机、车站数字监控主机、编解码器（Wavelet 编码）、显示器等组成。2.1.3 列车司机监视子系统 列车司机监视子系统有 2 种：一种是在上、下行的车首处安装监视器，将车首、车尾摄像机摄取的图像经视频电缆送到监视器，显示整列列车的车门状况和乘客乘降情况。 另一种方式是在列车驾驶室安装小型监视器及相应的无线接收装置，在车站站台上设无线发送装置。当列车进、出站时，站台上的无线发送装置将一侧站台由车首、车尾摄像机摄取的两路视频信号合成一路后的图像信号，通过无线传输，由列车上的无线接收装置接收、放大、处理，并显示在驾驶室内的监视器上，供司机监视使用。2.1.4 传输子系统 （1）本地传输。在本车站范围内控制信号可通过控制电缆传输；视频信号通过视频同轴电缆传输。 （2）远距离传输。控制信号远距离传输可采用传输系统提供的以太网传输通道，采用 TCP/IP协议。 普通清晰度的视频信号（MPEG-4 编码）的远距离传输可以通过传输系统提供的以太网传输通道，采用 TCP/IP 协议。车站数字监控主机完成模拟视频信号的 A/D 变换和数字压缩、编码后，再经传输系统提供的 TCP/IP 通道进行传输，在控制中心进行反向变换。2.2 系统功能 该系统具有监视、图像选择、录像、摄像范围控制、字符叠加和远程电源控制等功能。 2.2.1 监视功能 列车司机监视站台旅客上、下车情况。 车站值班员监视本站站台、站厅及自动扶梯、出入口情况。 中心调度员监视全线各车站情况。2.2.2 图像选择功能 车站值班员可选择本站任一摄像机的图像在任一监视器上显示，既可用各种时序自动循环切换，也可由操作人员手动切换。 控制中心各调度员可选择全线任一摄像机的图像在任一监视器上显示，既可用各种时序自动循环切换，也可由操作人员手动切换。2.2.3 录像功能 中心调度员可对任何一路图像信号进行录像，录像资料应便于日后检索和查询。2.2.4 摄像范围控制功能 控制中心各调度员和各车站值班员分别能够在远程和本地控制摄像机的云台和镜头焦距，用以调整摄像机视场大小，并可设定优先级。2.2.5 字符叠加功能 系统应能将摄像机的号码和位置、摄像日期和时间等信息进行叠加，以便在监视器上显示。2.2.6 远程电源控制功能 控制中心调度员应能控制各车站的摄像机、监视器的电源，列车停运后关闭，开始运营前开启。3 主要技术特点 该系统的主要技术特点如下： （1）数字信号在传输过程中通过再生技术和纠错编码技术使噪声无法逐步积累，基本不产生噪声，保持信噪比基本不变，收端图像质量基本与发端一致，适合多环节、长距离传输。 （2）数字视频设备输入信号稳定可靠，能够避免在模拟系统中非线性失真的影响，消除了 DG（差分增益）和 DP（差分相位）失真引起的图像畸变。 （3）便于计算机处理。由于对视频图像进行了数字化，所以可以充分利用计算机的快速处理能力，对其进行压缩、分析、存储和显示。通过视频分析，可以及时发现异常情况并进行联动报警，从而实现无人值守。 1 （4）便于查找。在传统的模拟监控系统中，当出现问题时需要花大量时间观看录像带才能找到现场记录；而在数字视频监控系统中，利用计算机建立的索引，在几分钟内就能找到相应的现场记录。 （5）数字技术与计算机配合，可以实现 CCTV数字设备的自动控制和操作。这对地铁/轻轨CCTV系统实现自动化有着十分重要的意义。 （6）利用数字编码方法，便于视频的保密。 （7）系统易于管理和维护。数字视频监控系统主要由电子设备组成，集成度高，视频传输可利用有线或无线信道。这样，整个系统是模块化结构，体积小，易于安装、使用和维护。 （8）数字视频信号具有可扩展性、可分级性和可操作性，便于在各类通信系统中传输。数字化系统可实现基于数字传输平台上的扩展和改造，这对地铁/轻轨所要实现的各种功能来讲是非常重要的，避免了在模拟系统改造过程中因设备的全部淘汰更新而造成的巨大浪费。4 数字视频监控系统的发展4.1 数字视频监控系统的发展方向 前端一体化、视频数字化、监控网络化、系统集成化、管理智能化是视频监控系统公认的发展方向，而数字化是网络化的前提，网络化又是系统集成化的基础，所以，数字视频监控发展的最大两个特点就是网络化和管理智能化。4.2 网络化 数字视频监控系统的网络化将意味着系统的结构将由集总式向集散式系统过渡，集散式系统采用多层分级的结构形式，具有微内核技术的实时多任务、多用户、分布式操作系统以实现抢先任务调度算法的快速响应，组成集散式监控系统的硬件和软件采用标准化、模块化和系列化的设计，系统设备的配置具有通用性强、开放性好、系统组态灵活、控制功能完善、数据处理方便、人机界面友好以及系统安装、调试和维修简单化，系统运行互为热备份，容错可靠等功能。 系统的网络化在某种程度上打破了布控区域和设备扩展的地域和数量界限。系统网络化将使整个网络系统硬件和软件资源共享以及任务和负载均摊，这也是系统集成的一个重要概念。4.3 管理智能化 采用计算机为控制中心，通过系统软件实现控制界面的可视化，控制环境的多媒体化，可以方便地实现对视频切换、音频切换、镜头云台控制、报警输入、行动输出录像的智能化控制，进而达到对事件的分析、统计、处理，实现视频监控的智能管理。5 结束语 目前，我国各城市的轨道交通正处在建设发展阶段，没有形成完整的轨道交通网，基本上是每条线都有各自独立的控制中心，各线之间实行单独运营、单独管理。视频监控系统也是每条线单独监控，而且大多数采用的是数字控制的模拟视频监控系统。随着城市轨道交通的发展，轨道交通必将形成一个完整的交通网，需要一个统一的调度和控制中心来对整个轨道交通网进行统筹运营、统筹管理。目前采用的数字控制的模拟视频监控系统将成为联网的一大障碍。随着数字视频监控系统设备的不断发展与完善，在城市轨道交通中采用数字视频监控系统已具备条件，因此建立一个统一的数字视频监控系统，将发挥更大的安全保障作用organization system and working mode, the selection of a number of municipal strengthening group to build innovation and strengthen the organization of the basic level organizations advanced model.(seven) the manual work of the Communist Youth League Organization published < > and < > League branch of manual work, to promote the use of two manuals in the city's organizations at various levels. The county committee, directly under the group (work) is under the jurisdiction of grassroots League and group (total) using branch ratio shall not be less than 70%.Three, to further strengthen the group's leadership and team building(a) to strengthen the league's leadership at all levels of construction. Continue to do a good job of municipal Party Committee Organization Department "on the strengthening of the Communist Youth League cadres management opinions implementation. To promote the group counties (autonomous counties, cities) Commission and city directly under the group (workers) appointed to carry out the" Five "team building activities. Improve the League Association Department working mechanism. Conscientiously fulfill the duties of CO, combined with the city group directly under (the) Committee of the general election and the adjustment, actively jointly with the unit where the party organization department good group leadership selection with the work. Do a good job in municipal Party committee assistant committee leadership and leading cadres of the annual assessment work, adhere to and improve the assistant secretary of the Communist Youth League talk system group To weave individual conversation and collective conversation, to strengthen the committees of all levels, the Standing Committee of the Standing Committee, the establishment of a sound system of central group learning, the system of investigation and study, the system of important issues and the reporting system.(two) to strengthen the work of education and training of cadres to conscientiously implement the Central Committee. "On the implementation of grassroots cadres training project and opinions on carrying out the" mission municipal CYL Cadres training project implementation opinions, full implementation of the project of the City Youth League cadres training education. Focus on the county grassroots cadres and workers focused on training, the new school system vocational training League cadres, for the Municipal Organization Department jointly held the third session of the Communist Youth League system training cadres in party. Focusing on the construction of new socialist countryside, strengthening village cadres and rural construction team group member of the young team, the county organizations at various levels throughout the year is expected to train 100 00 rural grassroots cadres, plans to train 1000 village secretary of the village Party branch.(three) actively promote grassroots cadres election work. Under the unified leadership of the party organization, to strengthen grassroots organizations direct work, standardize the election work rules and procedures, in the designated candidate, open competition to democratically elected branch secretary at the same time, actively and steadily the development of Township, streets and other grassroots organizations in the direct election of the pilot work, on the basis of summarizing the experience and gradually expand the scope of the pilot, and gradually formed a set of measures and cadres election system.(four) to strengthen the cadres testing exercise. To study the development of <XX city from 2006 to 2008 cadres testing exercise planning. To select outstanding cadres to the central mission in Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou and other central organs and sending work in developed areas. With the Central Committee the implementation of the western region and ethnic minorities cadres training plan "". To carry out the eighth batch of municipal organs attachment cadre management, selection, training work. The outstanding cadres to start the National Development Bank XX branch testing exercise.(five) to strengthen the group construction. The main position to play the role of Youth League cadre education and training as the city, in accordance with the requirements of post training, further curriculum scientifically and rationally, adopt "arrangement menu" course, basic theory includes group work, focus, hot and difficult issues, to enhance the content and practice; to strengthen the construction of teaching staff, the integration of teachers, establish a quality teacher training team, establish and implement course evaluation system; take delivery of training to the countryside, on-site training, and increase the rural grassroots cadres training efforts.Four, efforts to strengthen the work of young talent(a) to tenth XX young 54 medal in recognition of the publicity, and actively explore the XX youth service. 54 Medal of institutionalization, standardization and socialization mechanism. Give full play to the XX award in recognition of 54 youth medal Association, Youth Award winner in the 54 chapter, investigation activities. Who won the Youth Service medal, dedication to the society to create conditions, build the stage. During the 54, named in recognition of the tenth XX young 54 medal. The association of <XX editing of young talent ", the exchange of information and communication platform for the XX of outstanding young talents.(two) the establishment of municipal Party committee of young talent information database. In accordance with the "feasible, effective, classification management, implement step by step" principle, the establishment of municipal Party committee of youth talent database; guiding organizations at various levels generally established the young talent database, construction of city, county (directly under the Communist Youth League), grassroots organizations three young talent information database the relevant information collection system, and gradually establish the city's young people, the Communist Youth League youth talent information network, provide information platform for young talent resource development.Five, take effective measures to strengthen the mission management(a) to strengthen the mission management work. Strengthen the dues collection and management, continue to adhere to the dues collection regularly reporting system, the annual comprehensive award in recognition of the tour and the tour one vote veto system audit system. Do statistical work in the group. The group service award in recognition of the advanced units, standardization, promoting group management work institutionalized.(two) to strengthen the organization of research and information exchange efforts. Grassroots carry out research, efforts to form a number of theoretical results. Make full use of the network carrier, to explore the establishment of electronic group service system, promote the work of Communist Youth League information.Attachment 4:XX municipal Party Committee Propaganda Department of the Communist Youth League work pointsIn 2006, the Communist Youth League propaganda ideological work XX to Deng Xiaoping theory and the important thought of "Three Represents" as guidance, study and implement the party's sixteen and the spirit of the the fifth Plenary Session of the 16th CPC Central Committee implementation of the eight plenary session of the two committee, the city's cultural work conference, the Propaganda Department of the meeting and the the fourth Plenary Session of the 15th CPC Central Committee permanent mission spirit, closely around "11th Five-Year XX" the goal of full implementation of Scientific Outlook on Development, emancipating the mind, seeking truth from facts, keep pace with the times, close to reality, close to life, close to the young, persevere grasp orientation, grasping deepening, grasping construction innovation, further improve the group's propaganda and ideological work ability, unity To guide the majority of members of the youth to achieve the "11th Five-Year" planning tasks, the overall construction of a well-off society, building a socialist harmonious society to make new contributions.One, adhere to the "Three Represents" important thought and Scientific Outlook on Development education to guide the youth, to further strengthen the ideological and political education of youth(a) armed with youth science theory. Unremittingly with Deng Xiaoping theory and the important thought of "Three Represents" armed members of youth education, to promote the study and implement to expand the depth and breadth. To study and implement the important thought of "Three Represents" with the establishment and implementation of Scientific Outlook on Development combine with the implementation of the requirements of constructing socialist harmonious society with Scientific Outlook on Development, carry out education as an important part of the theory of armed youth in the new period, strengthen the establishment and implementation of Scientific Outlook on Development education, educate and guide the youth to fully understand the great significance of establishment and implementation of Scientific Outlook on Development, in-depth understanding of the Scientific Outlook on Development era back The king, the practice foundation, basic connotation, historical status, spirit and practice requirements, a profound understanding of Scientific Outlook on Development with Marxism Leninism, Mao Zedong thought, inheriting and developing relationship between Deng Xiaoping theory and the important thought of "Three Represents", to help young people establish and consciously practice Scientific Outlook on Development. Persist in learning, grasping the backbone, grasp the practice, grasp the opportunity. Catch club, effective way to grasp the network, with the group of cadres, young students and young backbone fronts as the focus, to promote the work of the armed youth theory to develop in depth, to help the youth continue to firm ideals and beliefs, to build a powerful spiritual pillar. To carry out the study and implementation of the party's sixteen session of the five Eight plenary session of the two plenary session of the Central Committee and the party spirit, to the city's Youth League members thinking into the spirit of the meeting, to achieve the goal of national consciousness and XX economic and social development in 11th Five-Year "period. Contribute to help and
