初中英语总复习-完形填空解题技巧.ppt

完形填空 解题题技巧 一、 完形填空的特点是什么？ 完形填空是一种旨在考查学生语法和词汇知识综合 运用能力的典型题，难易程度与初中教材相当，词数 在180-250左右。文中平均每隔25个词左右设空。 学生通过推理判断，综合分析等将答案填入空白处， 使短文前后连贯、意思通顺、结构完整合理。 二、完形填空的设设空规规律有哪些？ （一）从文章结结构看 1. 首句通常不设空，以便考生对短文前提 和背景有个较清楚的了解，从而使考生尽快熟悉语境、 推测文章大意。 2. 短文设空平均密度为25个单词一个空。 中考完形填空抛弃了传统的“语法知识型”命 题模式，转变成“情境能力型”的命题趋势 。 它的一个显著特点就是突出语篇，即重在文意的干扰， 把具体的语语言知识识融进具体的语语言情境中去，考查学生 通过上下文对整体文意进行把握的能力。 二、完形填空的设设空规规律有哪些？ （二）从语语言层层次看 考点设计对 把握语段的要求在提高。我们可以 把考点分为三个层次，即句子层次、句群层次和语篇层次 1. 句子层层次的设设空 例： (2007年中考英语试卷 完形填空四选一 保留原题号) I 90 you were very busy then helping your friend get ready for her wedding I am sure it was a success. A. remember B. explainC. hope D. expect 答案：A 指那些只需读懂设空所在句便可选出答案的题目 。 二、完形填空的设设空规规律有哪些？ 2. 句群层层次的设设空 前制性设设空 后制性设设空 指根据上下文的内容，经过推理判断可以 得到答案的题目 即根据上文有关内容即可确定答案的题目。 指那些需要根据下文内容才能选出正确答案 的题目/下文某处有提示。 二、完形填空的设设空规规律有哪些？ 前制性设设空 例： It was an English speech contest. My mother asked me to take part in it. What a terrible idea! It meant I had to _ in front of all the teachers and students of my school! A. write B. speak C. sing D. dance 后制性设设空 例： 1). Nobody _ him in the village. One day he said to them, “I know you dont like me ” A. believed B. liked C. hated D. knew 2). Country music comes from _ kinds of music. One is the traditional music of tall mountain people in the eastern United States. The other is traditional cowboy music from the American West. A. many B. all C. two D. three B B C 二、完形填空的设设空规规律有哪些？ 3. 语语篇性设设空 I work as a volunteer for an organization that helps the poor in Haiti. Recently I took my son Barrett there for a week, hoping to 1 him achieved all Id expected. Soon he will celebrate his 18th birthday. He will be a man. (最后一句话) ( ) 1. A. comfort B. please C. attract D. educate D 指那些需要联系全文的情境、内容才能确定 正确答案的设空。 三、 真题题演练练 (2009 上海中考试卷 完形填空) Sometimes you may not understand your parents. One minute theyre friendly, the next minute theyre shouting and screaming loudly enough for the whole street to hear. So who makes them so 85 ? You, probably! When you take your clothes off, remember to 86 . Get into the habit of taking glasses and plates down to the kitchen. Before long youll be doing it without thinking. Even though you may not realize it, your parents have bought you many clothes. But theyre not buying themselves new things every week, are they? The simple truth is that there are more 87 things to spend money on, like the electricity bill and food. You may hate missing a party to visit some boring old relatives. They may go on and on about what a sweet baby you were. You have no choice but to listen. Even if you 88 , your parents wont change their minds. Parents like to show off their family. The best thing you can do is to help entertain your relatives. Your parents will be so pleased with you afterwards that theyll probably allow you to go to the next two 89 . 三、 真题题演练练 You might not want to eat, but think of it from the parents point of view. If you cook two meals a day, it means 730 meals a year. Can you imagine how boring this can get? Imagine how your parents feel when you say youre not really hungry. 90 , your parents are probably worried that you arent eating enough. Eat fewer snacks and leave room for your meals. Finally, offer to 91 after the meal. Your offer may not be accepted, but your parents will be pleased. ( ) 85. A. friendly B. lonely C. changeable D. comfortable ( ) 86. A. hang them up B. leave them alone C. put them on D. throw them away ( ) 87. A. interesting B. difficult C. important D. surprising ( ) 88. A. agree B. complain C. listen D. win ( ) 89. A. concerts B. meetings C. classes D. parties ( ) 90. A. In addition B. In return C. At most D. At last ( ) 91. A. do the cooking B. lay the table C. buy some snacks D. wash the dishes C A C B D A D 三、 真题题演练练 解析： 85. （前制性设设空）文章第一段提出，父母的态度往往会 令你感到诧异，他们有时是那么友好，忽然间又会生气地 大声嚷嚷，由此可以看出，他们的态度是那么地易变changeable。所以， 本题答案为C。 86. （句子层层次的设设空）青少年应该 培养良好的生活习惯 。例如，在家脱 衣后应该 及时挂上。B项leave them alone 表示“让它们独自留下”； C项put them up 表示“把他们穿上”；D项throw them away表示“把它们扔掉”， 以上答案显然均不符合文章意思，而A项hang them up 正是“把衣服挂上” 的意思，所以答案为A。 87. （后制性设设空）家长会给孩子买许 多衣服，但他们不会经常为自己购 物，那是因为他们要考虑维 持家庭生计，他们往往把钱花在更重要的事 情上，所以答案为C。 88. （前制性设设空）你有时会去拜访那些无聊又年长的亲戚，他们会一遍 又一遍地唠叨你小时候的乖巧可爱，而你只能洗耳恭听（They may go on and on about what a sweet baby you were. You have no choice but to listen.） 显然，你会对此而抱怨，但家长们 仍不以为然 （ your parents wont change their minds.），所以本题答案为B。 三、 真题题演练练 解析： 89. （前制性设设空） 如果能帮助招待好你的亲戚，你的 家长会感到十分满意，也会允许你出席以后的更多的这 种聚会。选项 A、B、C与聚会无关，应予淘汰。所以，本题答案为D。 90. （语语篇性设设空）每日吃饭时 ，应该 想到家长的艰辛。当你说你并不饿 时，家长不但会有内心的不快，另外会担心你吃得过少而影响身体 （Imagine how your parents feel when you say youre not really hungry. , your parents are probably worried that you arent eating enough.）。根据文 章内容，空格处应 填入“除此之外”的意思，所以本题答案为A。 91. （前制性设设空）文章结尾告诫我们要少吃零食，要留出吃饭的空间 （Eat fewer snacks and leave room for your meals.）。饭后也要提出帮助 父母做些事情，尽管有时不会得到他们的许可。从四个选项 中，我们可 以看到D项符合饭后可做的事，A项do the cooking 表示“煮饭”， B项lay the table表示“摆餐具、饭桌”均发生在饭前，C项buy some snacks 与上文“少吃零食”的论述矛盾，所以答案为D。 四、 解题题技巧点拨拨 （一）_。 （二）_。 （三）_。 细读细读 首句，跳过过空格，通读读全文，掌握大意 理解词义词义 ，瞻前顾顾后，先易后难难，各个击击破 复读读全文，逐个核对对，验证验证 答案，坚坚定信心 五、实实践演练练 (1) (2008 上海中考试卷 完形填空) When I was fifteen I went to a summer camp. There were lots of great 90 but there was one thing I was really scared (害怕)about: climbing the wall. The wall is a kind of rock that people use to learn how to climb. It is very tall. We were all supposed to climb the wall, but I knew I couldnt get to the top because I am 91 heights. I was ashamed and I didnt want anyone to know that I was scared. I thought they would all laugh at me. I practiced my excuse: “Im not scared, you know, I suffer from vertigo (患眩晕症).” The day came. It was time to climb the wall. The sun was shining but everyone was very quiet that morning. I took photographs at the bottom of the wall and tried to 92 . Everyone in the group went up. Then the moment came. It was my turn. I was so scared that all I could think about was my excuse. Someone said, “Shall I take your camera?” and I answered, “Im not scared, you know. I suffer from vertigo”. The 93 was that I was more than scared, I was terrified (吓坏了). The camp leader said, “Dont worry, you dont have to do anything you dont want to do.” I was surprised. Everyone was understanding. No one 94 . 五、实实践演练练 (1) The next day, the leader asked me if I wanted to try the wall on my own, 95 the others watching. Although I was still very nervous I agreed and climbed slowly to the top with his help. I was still shaking when I came 96, but I was really happy and relieved too. For me, climbing the wall was a real achievement. ( )90. A. activitiesB. operationsC. accidentsD. exams ( ) 91. A. poor atB. good atC. afraid ofD. fond of ( ) 92. A. go B. hideC. appearD. run ( ) 93. A. truthB. situationC. storyD. reason ( ) 94. A. jumpedB. cheeredC. smiledD. laughed ( ) 95. A. with B. withoutC. amongD. behind ( ) 96. A. inB. outC. upD. down A C B A D B D 五、实实践演练练 (1) 解析： 90. 阅读 文章可知，作者15岁时 去参加夏令营，参加了 许多很棒的活动，但是有一件事令他很害怕，那就是攀岩，所以答案为A。 91. 那墙是人们用来学习攀岩的，但作者知道他爬不到顶部因为他有恐高症 （We were all supposed to climb the wall, but I knew I couldnt get to the top because I am heights），所以答案为C。 92. 尽管怕，活动的日子还是到了。作者在墙脚下拍了照片后试图躲 藏起来， 所以答案为B。 93. 但是还是轮到作者攀岩了，他极其害怕，但他对同伴们说 自己并不害怕， 这是因为患有眩晕症的缘故，事实上他内心简直是吓坏了（ and I answered, “Im not scared, you know. I suffer from vertigo.” The was that I was more than scared, I was terrified.），所以答案为A。 五、实实践演练练 (1) 解析： 94. 队长见 到此景，告诉他不必勉强攀岩，这使作者十分 惊奇，周围的人是如此地通情达理，没有人强求他做什么，也没有人嘲笑 他（The camp leader said, “Dont worry, you dont have to do anything you dont want to do.” I was surprised. Everyone was understanding. No one ）， 所以答案为B。 95. 第二天，队长问 他是否想在没有人观看的情况下单独尝试 一下 （The next day, the leader asked me if I wanted to try the wall on my own, the others watching.），所以答案为B。 96. 作者在队长 的帮助下终于慢慢地爬到了墙顶 ，当他下来的时候仍然浑 身发抖，但是成就感使他感到十分的高兴和宽慰（ I agreed and climbed slowed to the top with his help. I was still shaking when I came , but I was really happy and relieved too. For me, climbing the wall was a real achievement. ），所以答案为D。 五、实实践演练练 (2) (2010 上海中考试卷 完形填空) Every day cars kill or hurt many people on roads. Sometimes the drivers drive too fast or do not, drive carefully enough. Some of them 85 the traffic rules and cause accidents. According to some researches, it is usually the pedestrians(行人)who cause the accidents. A lot of road users are very careless. They walk or run across the roads 86 the cars. They walk in the roads but not on the walkways. They get into or out of cars in the middle of the road. Some do not take the trouble to 87 the green lights and simply cross the roads against the red lights. Many people think accidents often happen in busy roads in large cities, but this is not always true. 88 , Tokyo is one of the worlds largest cities and probably one of the busiest cities; however, there are 89 accidents to pedestrians. The reason is that the police there are very strict and the pedestrians are very careful. Pedestrians never cross against a red light and they 90 follow traffic rules. 五、实实践演练练 (2) Do you know alcohol（酒精）is another main cause of traffic accidents? It delays peoples response. Those who have drunk alcohol are 91 in making decisions. They need a few more seconds to react（反应）. Alcohol drinking is especially dangerous for motor car drivers. It is not only drivers who may have accidents after drinking. Drunken pedestrians may put their lives in danger as well. 85. A. make B. break C. follow D. remember 86. A. at the end of B. in the centre of C. on top of D. in front of 87. A. turn on B. worry about C. wait for D. point out 88. A. In addition B. For example C. By the way D. On the other hand 89. A. few B. many C. enough D. some 90. A. even B. never C. almost D. always 91. A. slow B. active C. interested D. excited 答案：85. B86. D87. C88. B89. A90. D91. A 五、实实践演练练 分析句子结结构，根据句意逻辑逻辑 关系， 选选出正确答案。 1. The WTO can not live up to its name _ it does not include a country that is home to one fifth of mankind. A. as long as B. while C. if D. even though C 根据文化背景和生活常识识，利用上下文线线索， 分析并列句的因果关系，可以选选出正确答案。 2. Little Tom wondered what would happen to the eggs. Two weeks later, little Tom found some chicks _ out of the shells. A. walked B. ran C. jumped D. struggled D 六、家庭作业业 Cartoon films have very few limits(限制). If you can draw something, you can make it 1 on the cinema screen. The use of new ideas and modern computer programs means that cartoons are becoming exciting again for people of 2 ages. By 1970, the cinema world had decided that cartoons were 3 for children. But soon after that, one or two film makers had some new ideas. They proved that it was 4 to make films in which both grown-ups and children could enjoy them. (1) 六、家庭作业业 However, 5 cartoon film was successful. The Black Cauldron, for example, failed, mainly because it was too 6 for children and too childish for grown-ups. Film makers learnt from this mistake, and then cartoons were welcomed by both children and grown-ups and 7 the film companies began to make large amounts of money. ( ) 1. A. arriveB. stayC. standD. move ( ) 2. A. someB. eitherC. allD. both ( ) 3. A. neverB. onlyC. stillD. already ( ) 4. A. possibleB. difficultC. completeD. interesting ( ) 5. A. not everyB. none of the C. eachD. neither of the ( ) 6. A. interesting B. popularC. relaxingD. frightening ( ) 7. A. onceB. howeverC. againD. also (1) D C B A A D C 六、家庭作业业 The name of Daniel Williams has been known to the black people in the United States for many years. He became a 1 in Chicago in 1883. After graduating, he taught at Northwestern Universitys medical school. He was asked by the president of the United States, Grover Cleveland, to go to Washington, D.C., to head the Freedmens Hospital. It was one of the few hospitals for blacks in the country 2 . He went back to Chicago to help to set up Provident Hospital. 3 it opened, Chicagos black doctors could not practice in hospitals. They had to treat patients 4 , so operations were performed on beds and kitchen tables. Dr. Williams also helped to set up a training school in Chicago for black nurses. (2) 六、家庭作业业 In 1893 he operated on a man who was dying from a stab wound in the heart. Such a wound had always 5 death. But Dr. Williams tried to save the man. 6 X-ray or blood transfusions (输血), he opened the mans chest and sewed up (修补) his heart. Everything went on well with the bold (大胆的) operation. The man 7 . ( ) 1. A. headmaster B. manager C. doctorD. nurse ( ) 2. A. at that time B. in the past C. a moment ago D. just then ( ) 3. A. After B. Before C. WhenD. As soon as ( ) 4. A. in the office B. in the school C. in the university D. at home ( ) 5. A. shown B. explained C. meantD. described ( ) 6. A. According to B. Instead of C. Because of D. Without ( ) 7. A. died B. lived C. became strong D. got badly hurt (2) C A B D C D B Thank you!