2019君主立宪制讲解英文ppt.ppt

Constitutional Monarchy,Definition: A constitutional monarchy as practiced is a form of government in which the monarch serves as the head of state, with certain limitations as mandated by written or unwritten laws, or a combination of both. In contrast, an absolute monarchy is one in which the monarch serves as the primary political power in the state, without any constitutional constraints.,List of current reigning monarchies,Antigua and Barbuda,Andorra,Australia,The Bahamas,Barbados,Bahrain,Belgium,Belize,UK,The British system of government is the oldest parliamentary democracy in Europe. British parliament was formed in the eleventh century and, after the signing of the Magna Charta by King John in the year 1215, it came to power and became the main part in the system of government. In this way, England set up the base of democracy in the whole Europe.,Parliament,the Sovereign the House of Lords the House of Commons,The Sovereign formally summons and dissolves Parliament and generally opens each new annual session with a speech from the throne. The House of Lords is made up of hereditary peers and peeresses, including the law lords appointed to undertake the judicial duties of the House, and the Lords Spiritual (the Archbishops of Canterbury and York and other 24 bishops). The House of Commons is elected by universal adult suffrage and consists of 650 Members of Parliament (MPs). There are approximately 650 seats for them. The chief officer of the House is the Speaker, elected by MPs to preside over the house. It is in the House of Commons that the ultimate authority for lawmaking resides.,the Parliament House of Britain,three major political parties in the British system of politics: The Labour Party (often called New Labour) The Conservative Party (frequently called the Tories) The Liberal Democrat Party (known as the Lib Dems),A general election must be held every five years. Eighteen is the minimum voting age; candidates for election must be over 21. There are four main political parties: Conservative, Labour, Liberal and Social Democratic parties. The winning party forms the Government.,British government buildings,Ministers are chosen by the Prime Minister (leader of winning party). The second party becomes official Opposition and forms the Shadow-Cabinet. MPs who are members of the Oppositionare called back-benchers.,Prime Minister of the United Kingdom David Cameron,Britain is a constitutional monarchy: Queen Elizabeth II is the head of state. In practice she reigns, but does not rule. The country is governed, in her name, by the Government, a body of ministers, which is called the Cabinet (consists of 22 leading ministers), who are responsible to Parliament.,The Monarchy,白金汉宫Buckingham Palace,The government of Japan is a constitutional monarchy where the power of the Emperor is very limited. As a ceremonial figurehead, he is defined by the 1947 constitution as “the symbol of the state and of the unity of the people“.,Power is held chiefly by the Prime Minister of Japan and other elected members of the Diet, while sovereignty is vested in the Japanese people.,The Emperor effectively acts as the head of state on diplomatic occasions. Akihito is the current Emperor of Japan.,日本明仁天皇,The Executive: PM and Cabinet,The Japanese Prime Minister is probably best seen as just one among many important faces in the Diet rather than as captain of the ship .,The Prime Minister of Japan is the head of government. The position is appointed by the Emperor of Japan after being designated by the Diet from among its members and must enjoy the confidence of the House of Representatives to remain in office.,Yoshihiko Noda,野田佳彦,Yoshihiko Noda currently serves as the Prime Minister of Japan.,The Legislature: Diet or Kokkai,The Japanese legislaturecalled the Diet or Kokkai (literally means “national assembly“) in Japanesewas created in 1889 (by Meiji Constitution) and it is the oldest parliament in Asia,Diet has powers over the budget, and can unseat a PM and cabinet through a vote of no confidence. It holds Q-time for Pmor or Cabinet, and has a range of specialist committees.,The Palace,明仁天皇夫妻,德仁太子和太子妃小和田雅子,刘银 韦晓玲 吴庆云 罗嘉琳,Thank you!,