地震2.ppt

Medias,CCTV on live Newspapers & Magazines Radio Internet,Rescue Efforts,Hu rapid 90 minutes after the earthquake, Premier Wen Jiabao, flew to the earthquake area to oversee the rescue work. On May 12, 2008, sent 10 emergency medical teams to Wenchuan County On the same day, China's Chengdu Military Area Command dispatched 50,000 troops and armed police to help with disaster relief work in Wenchuan County.,Rescue Efforts,An earthquake emergency relief team of 184 people left Beijing May 12 in two military transport planes to travel to Wenchuan County. Many rescue teams, including that of the Taipei Fire Department from Taiwan, were reported ready to join the rescue effort in Sichuan as early as Wednesday.,Foreign and Domestic Aid,Japan, Russia, South Korea, Singapore, Italy Because of the magnitude of the quake, and the media attention on China, foreign nations and organizations immediately responded to the disaster by offering condolences and assistance. On May 14, UNICEF reported that China has formally requested the support of the international community to respond to the needs of affected families,Reactions within China,a three-day period of national mourning Many websites converted their front page to black and white On the evening of May 18, CCTV-1 hosted a special four-hour program called The Giving of Love (爱的奉献)1.5 billion,Conclusions,same measurement on the Richter scale at 8.0 in magnitude. But the Sichuan earthquake had a much quicker and more organized response system than Tangshan, as the political environment is different.,Hand in hand WE HOLD OUR OWN,Then ? What Is Earthquake,Naturally occurring earthquake An earthquake is the result of a sudden release of energy in the Earth's crust that creates seismic waves（地震波). This energy is released as a combination of radiated elastic strain seismic waves, frictional heating of the fault surface, and cracking of the rock, thus causing an earthquake.,occur anywhere within the earth where there is sufficient stored elastic strain energy,increasing stress, stored strain energy around the fault surface.,until the stress has risen sufficiently to break through the asperity,suddenly allowing sliding over the locked portion of the fault, releasing the stored energy.,Earthquakes are recorded with a seismometer（地震检波器）, also known as a seismograph（地震仪）.,Deep focus earthquakes,The majority of tectonic earthquakes originate at depths not exceeding tens of kilometers. In seduction zones, where older and colder oceanic crust descends beneath another tectonic plate, Deep focus earthquakes may occur at much greater depths (up to seven hundred kilometers).,Earthquakes often occur in volcanic regions and are caused there, both by tectonic faults and by the movement of magma in volcanoes. Such earthquakes can serve as an early warning of volcanic eruptions.,Sometimes a series of earthquakes occur in a sort of earthquake storm. On adjacent segments of fault, these storms occur over the course of years, and with some of the later earthquakes as damaging as the early ones.,Effects of earthquakes,1755 copper engraving depicting Lisbon in ruins and in flames after the 1755 Lisbon earthquake. A tsunami overwhelms the ships in the harbor.,A section of the Cypress viaduct collapsed during the Loma Prieta Earthquake (1989),Smoldering after the 1906 San Francisco earthquake,Kaiser Permanente Building destroyed in the Northridge Earthquake (1994).,Earthquake damage in Anchorage, Alaska (1964).,Earthquake damage in Armenia (1988).,Effects of earthquakes,Shaking and ground rupture Main effects. Principally resulting in more or less severe damage to buildings or other rigid structures. The ground-shaking is measured by ground acceleration.,Landslides and avalanches Earthquakes can cause landslides and avalanches, which may cause damage in hilly and mountainous areas. Fires Following an earthquake, fires can be generated by break of the electrical power or gas lines. In the event of water mains rupturing and a loss of pressure, it may also become difficult to stop the spread of a fire once it has started.,Soil liquefaction Soil liquefaction occurs when, because of the shaking, water-saturated granular material temporarily loses its strength and transforms from a solid to a liquid. Soil liquefaction may cause rigid structures, as buildings or bridges, to tilt or sink into the liquefied deposits. Tsunami Undersea earthquakes and earthquake-triggered landslides into the sea, can cause Tsunami. See, for example, the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake.,Floods Floods may be a secondary effects of earthquakes, if dams are damaged. Earthquakes may cause landslips to dam rivers, which then collapse and cause floods. Human impacts disease, lack of basic necessities, loss of life, higher insurance premiums, general property damage, road and bridge damage collapse of buildings or destabilization of the base of buildings which may lead to collapse in future earthquakes.,Earthquakes in mythology and religion,In North mythology, earthquakes were explained as the violent struggling of the god Loki. When Loki, god of mischief and strife, murdered Baldr, god of beauty and light, he was punished by being bound in a cave with a poisonous serpent placed above his head dripping venom. Loki's wife Sigyn stood by him with a bowl to catch the poison, but whenever she had to empty the bowl the poison would drip on Loki's face, forcing him to jerk his head away and thrash against his bonds, causing the earth to tremble. In Greek mythology, Poseidon was the god of earthquakes.,Earthquake prediction,An earthquake prediction is a prediction that an earthquake in a specific magnitude range will occur in a specific region and time window. Predictions are considered as such to the extent that they are reliable for practical, as well as scientific, purposes.,Although there is evidence that at least some earthquakes in some tectonic regimes are predictable with useful accuracy of time and space, the reliability and reproducibility of prediction techniques have not been established and are therefore generally not accepted by seismologists,What to do,Family earthquake drill (heavy furniture supported archway) Indoors drop cover hold away from glass, windows, walls,In a moving car stop pull to the side of the road stay in the car avoid stopping near or under buildings, trees, overpasses Be trapped under debris Do not light a match Do not move Cover your mouth,