高级口译英到中学位课.ppt

高级口译（英到中） 学位课,大纲： 基本信息 1、名称：高级口译（英到中） 2、考试形式：闭卷笔试50% 现场口试50% 3、笔试题型及分值： Note-taking and Gap-filling（10）、 Spot-dictation（10）、 Listening and translation （30） 口试形式及分值： 采取现场集体录音形式(50) 4、考试时间：2小时,（一）课程内容简介 此课程为同声口译专业的学位课及主干课程，即将所感知和理解的信息准确而又快速地由英文形式转化成中文形式，进而达到及时传递与交流信息的目的。 本门课程的任务及要求：通过本课程的教与学，使学生在原有笔译技巧的基础上，熟悉与掌握有关口译技巧，并通过大量实际操练，老师讲解、学生讨论、学生发言、模拟会议等形式，使学生在心理和能力方面都能够初步适应口译的高压力和高强度挑战。同时，在课程中涉及各种经济、政治、文化等内容，在可拓宽学生知识层面，为进一步的口译深造打下基础。,教学基本要求有以下几方面： 1. 掌握各种口译技巧 2. 对各种领域内的知识和背景有一定程度的了解和理解； 3. 能较为熟练地进行难度适中的各个领域内的英到中口译； 4. 全面培养口译心理素质和抗压能力,重点内容简介 （1） 口译技巧，听力强化，笔记技巧 （2） 经济商务管理类口译 （3） 社会问题类口译 （4） 政治类口译,学位课辅导课程的安排,Part One: Separate training 1.Spot-dictation 2.Note-taking and gap-filling 3.Listening and translation (politics,economy, social problems) Part Two: Mock test (test yourself),Part One: Separate training 1. Spot-dictation,1）I want to “ _ off “by taking you to a sports Stadium I visited about a year ago. There, at the Olympic Stadium in Kabul, I caught a _ of the future. In this _, where only a few years ago the Taliban _ was _ unspeakable acts of _towards women , young Afghan girls were now competing in a race for the first time ever.,Some _ had been _ off, others were _ in the wind. The girls were enjoying the event , enjoying the competition, enjoying their _ freedom. They were happy and hopeful, full of expectations for a better future.,In this context the UN is right :” Sport is far more than a _ or a form of entertainment. _ to and participation in sport is a human right. The _ of sport as a tool for development and peace has yet to be fully realized .”,We know that participating in sports can teach life skills and build _. Becoming a team player, learning to respect your _ , knowing you need to practice to perform better, learning how to cope with _ and overcome _- these are lesson that will serve everyone well, in the developing as well as the developed world.,We know that participating in sport can offer happiness and hope, even when nothing else dose. We know that entire _ can benefit from sports _. Sports_ - both _ and _,KEYS,I want to “ _kick_ off “by taking you to a sports Stadium I visited about a year ago. There, at the Olympic Stadium in Kabul, I caught a _glimpse_ of the future. In this _arena_, where only a few years ago the Taliban _regime_ was _ committing_ unspeakable acts of _horror_towards women , young Afghan girls were now competing in a race for the fist time ever.,Some _veils_ had been _torn_ off, others were _fluttering _ in the wind. The girls were enjoying the event , enjoying the competition, enjoying their _new-found_ freedom. They were happy and hopeful, full of expectations for a better future.,In this context the UN is right :” Sport is far more than a _luxury_ or a form of entertainment. _Access_ to and participation in sport is a human right. The _potential_ of sport as a tool for development and peace has yet to be fully realized .”,We know that participating in sports can teach life skills and build _confidence_. Becoming a team player, learning to respect your _opponent_ , knowing you need to practice to perform better, learning how to cope with _victory_ and overcome _defeat_- these are lesson that will serve everyone well, in the developing as well as the developed world.,We know that participating in sport can offer happiness and hope, even when nothing else dose. We know that entire _communities_ can benefit from sports _initiatives_. Sports_energize_ - both _physically_ and _mentally_,2) l933 was the year that _ became the official _ for the _ Award. Ho1lywood _ has it that Betty Davis coined the term when she took a good look at the statuette and _ how much the backside looked like her first husbands, Herman Oscar Nelson. There are other versions of how Oscar got named, but this one is the most popular. This was the golden era of Hol1ywood, when movies _ their peak as the worlds _ source of entertainment.,Sound was not a new thing anymore and the filmmakers had mastered their _ turning strips of plastic into _ picture, moving _ on a screen that looked bigger and better than real life. Into the l930s, Hollywood managed to give the American public just what they were 1ooking for during the Great _- an _ from it al1. When other industries in the country were suffering major losses, the motion picture business _ the _ by continuing to boom, proving that the common man really was willing to spend their last _ to settle into a theatre seat and forget about his troubles for a couple of hours.,KEYS,2）l933 was the year that Oscar became the official nickname for the Academy Award. Ho1lywood legend has it that Betty Davis coined the term when she took a good look at the statuette and remarked how much the backside looked like her first husbands, Herman Oscar Nelson. There are other versions of how Oscar got named, but this one is the most popular. This was the golden era of Hol1ywood, when movies wrapped their peak as the worlds predominant source of entertainment.,Sound was not a new thing anymore and the filmmakers had mastered their craft turning strips of plastic into motion picture, moving shadows on a screen that looked bigger and better than real life. Into the l930s, Hollywood managed to give the American public just what they were 1ooking for during the Great Depression- an escape from it al1. When other industries in the country were suffering major losses, the motion picture business defied the odds by continuing to boom, proving that the common man really was willing to spend their last dime to settle into a theatre seat and forget about his troubles for a couple of hours.,Part One: Separate training 2. Note-taking and gap-filling,Tips: 1. The passages chosen are normally very logical, so please pay attention to listening comprehension and the logics (eg. Firstly , secondly There are following areas, following reasons). Just use note-taking as a supporting tool. 2. What you take down should be some essential words relevant to the whole passage, rather than auxiliary words. Youd better focus on “what , when , where, who, why and how”,3. Pay attention to those nouns , verbs and adj. which are stressed in reading 4. Use abbreviations More practice in daily time. Listen to a passage and take notes and write an abstract with the help of the notes. This exercise does help a lot !,Passage One,A problem related to the competition for land use is whether crops should be used to produce food or fuel. 1 _areas will be examined in this respect. Firstly, the problem should be viewed in its _ perspective. When oil prices rose (2) _ sharply in the 1970s, countries had to look for alternatives to so1ve the resulting crisis.,In developing countries, one of the possible answers to it is to produce alcohol from 3_ material. This has led to a lot of research in this area particularly in the use of 4 _ The use of this material resulted from two economic reasons : a 5 _ in its price and low 6_ costs. There are other starchy plants that can be used to produce alcohol, like the sweet 7 _ or the cassava plant in tropical regions, and 8 and sugar beet in non-tropical regions. The problem with these plants is that they are also the peop1es staple food in many poor countries .,Therefore, farmers there are faced with a choice: crops for food or for fuel. And farmers naturally go for what is more 9 _ As a result, the problems involved are economic in nature rather than technological. This is my second area under consideration. Finally, there have already been practical applications of using alcohol for fuel. Basically, they come in two forms of use: pure alcohol as is the case in 10 _, and a combination of alcohol and gasoline known as gasohol in Germany.,KEYS,1 .three /3 2. Historical 3. Plant/agricultural 4. Sugar 5. Fall/decrease/drop/reduction 6. Production/distilling/distillation /conversion 7. Potato 8.corn 9. Profitable 10.Brazil,Tape scripts:,Today Im going to consider very briefly a problem concerned with the competition for land use. That is, that is, whether crops should be used to produce food, or to, should be used to produce fuel. And um in considering this problem I wi1l look at three main areas. The historical background to the problem, the nature of the problems involved in, in the competition for land use, and some examples.,In considering the historical background, um, we should look at the oil crisis of the 1970s' Um due to the rapidly increase in, in, or the rapid, due to the rapid trend in increasing oil prices leading to an energy crisis, many countries have looked for alternative, energy sources to make them independent of other countries, fossil fuels. Examples of alternati, alternative energy sources include such things as solar power, the harnessing of wind, and wi, the wind and waves, tides, and also the production of biogas. Biogas is methane which is produced from human and animal waste.,A particularly interesting possibi1ity for many developing countries has been the conversion of plant material to alcohol. This, this is interesting because in many developing countries there is a large agricultural sector, and at the same time a small industrial sector, and thus the, the possibility of us1ng the agricultural sector to, to produce fuel , um, is of interest to those countries.,Scientific research is going on in the production of alcohol , for example, from sugar. And there are two, um, two economic reasons for this. First of all the world price of sugar has fallen dramatically, or the world price of sugar has fallen in very real terms in the last decade, which, this has caused a problem for those economies which are dependent on their sugar production as it gives them an alternative, er, possibility for using their sugar. And secondly, sugar is the most efficient source of alcohol. Therefore it is relatively economical to make fuel by distilling alcohol from it.,In addition to sugar there are other starchy plants that can be used to make alcohol. For example in tropical countries, such plants as the cassava p1ant and the sweet potato are good sources from which alcohol can be made, and in, in non-tropical countries you have such things as corn and sugar beet.,Now there is a problem arising from the fact that alcohol can be distilled from starchy plants, and that is, that many poor countries use precisely these starchy plants, or these starch-rich crops, er, for their food as a staple diet. So in, in many such countries there, there; a conf1ict if you like, between the choice of whether to produce these crops for fuel, or to to produce these crops, er, for, for food and for their use as their staple diet.,It is in fact an economic problem rather than a technical problem as the poor farmers will tend to choose that which is most profitable. Indeed it is an economic problem, not, not necessarily a technological problem. The technology for the con-version of alcohol from starchy plants has been in existence for over 40 years. And there are two ways of um using a1cohoI as car fuel. One such way' um, is in the form of pure alcohol. An example of this is in Brazil in a project called the Pro-Alcohol Project, and in Brazil cars are being produced to run on pure alcohol. A second use of alcohol as a car fuel is in a mixture with petrol , or with gasoline. In a mixture with gasoline this produces a mixture,called gasohol,. In Germany for example, they have an experiment in which there, theres such a mixture of 85 per cent petrol , or 85 per cent gas, 85 per cent gasoline and 15 per cent methanol. So if technology and the conversion of engines are not a prob1em, then rea1ly it is a question of economics, and there are three main factors which would affect the production .,Passage Two:,At present companies and industries like to sponsor sports events. Two reasons are put forward to explain this phenomenon. The first reason is that they got (1)_ throughout the world. The second reason is that companies and industries (2)_money, as they get reductions in the tax they owe if they sponsor sports or arts activities.,As sponsorship is (3)_, careful thinking is required in deciding which events to sponsor. It is important that the event to be sponsored (4)_the product(s) to be promoted. That is, the right (5)_ and maximum product coverage must be guaranteed in the event. Points to be considered in sports sponsorship.,As sponsorship is (3)_, careful thinking is required in deciding which events to sponsor. It is important that the event to be sponsored (4)_the product(s) to be promoted. That is, the right (5)_ and maximum product coverage must be guaranteed in the event. Points to be considered in sports sponsorship.,International sports events are big (6) _ events, which get extensive coverage on TV and in the press. Smaller events attract fewer people. Identification of the potential audience Aiming at the right audience is most important for smaller events. The right audience would attract manufacturers of other related products like (7)_, etc.,Advantages of sponsorship Advantages are longer-term. People are expected to respond (8)_to the products promoted and be more likely to buy them. Advertising is (9)_the mind. Sponsorship is better than straight advertising: a ) less (10)_ b) tax-free .,KEYS,1. Known 2. Save 3. Costly/expensive 4. Match 5.image 6.media 7. Cosmetics/drinks 8. Favourably 9. Conditioning 10.costly/expensive,Tape script,It is common nowadays for companies and industries to sponsor big sports events. For example, many companies sponsored the 8th National Games held in Shanghai in 1997. Then, what exactly do companies and industries get out of spon-soring big sports events, such as international games? And why do they do so? There is an obvious answer and a not so obvious one. The obvious answer 1s that they get known worldwide, particularly if they are the principal sponsor of an event.,This is especially important when you consider the number of countries around the world that might show the event on TV. The not so obvious answer is that sponsor-ship can help firms to save money. Then how can they save money in this way? Companies can claim expenditures on sponsorship or support to sport and the arts, against the amount of tax that they owe. So, if they are going to have to pay tax anyway, why not spend the money on promoting their name or product?,However, sponsorship is surely a very expensive business. So, how does one decide which events or activities to support? Companies spend a lot of time making sure that they have a perfect match between the products to be represented and the activity that needs sponsors