Spark Shuffle Introduction-蘑菇街.pdf

SPARK SHUFFLE INTRODUCTION 天火蘑菇街 About Me Spark / Hadoop / Hbase / Phoenix contributor For spark mainly contributes in: Yarn Shuffle BlockManager Scala2.10 update Standalone HA Various other fixes. tianhuomogujie.com Weibo 冷冻蚂蚁 blog.csdn.net/colorant Why Spark is fast(er) Whom do we compare to? What do we mean by fast? fast to write fast to run Why Spark is fast(er) cont. But the figure in previous page is some how misleading. The key is the flexible programming mode. Which lead to more reasonable data flow. Which lead to less IO operation. Especially for iterative heavy workloads like ML. Which potentially cut off a lot of shuffle operations needed. But, you wont always be lucky. Many app logic did need to exchange a lot of data. In the end, you will still need to deal with shuffle And which usually impact performance a lot. What is shuffle 7 Shuffle overview Aggregator Aggregator Aggregator Aggregator Aggregator Aggregator How does shuffle come into the picture Spark run job stage by stage. Stages are build up by DAGScheduler according to RDDs ShuffleDependency e.g. ShuffleRDD / CoGroupedRDD will have a ShuffleDependency Many operator will create ShuffleRDD / CoGroupedRDD under the hook. Repartition/CombineByKey/GroupBy/ReduceByKey/cogroup many other operator will further call into the above operators e.g. various join operator will call cogroup. Each ShuffleDependency maps to one stage in Spark Job and then will lead to a shuffle. So everyone should have seen this before join union groupBy map Stage 3 Stage 1 Stage 2 A: B: C: D: E: F: G: why shuffle is expensive When doing shuffle, data no longer stay in memory only For spark, shuffle process might involve data partition: which might involve very expensive data sorting works etc. data ser/deser: to enable data been transfer through network or across processes. data compression: to reduce IO bandwidth etc. DISK IO: probably multiple times on one single data block E.g. Shuffle Spill, Merge combine History Spark 0.6-0.7, same code path with RDDs persistent method, can choose MEMORY_ONLY and DISK_ONLY (default). Spark 0.8-0.9: separate shuffle code path from BM and create ShuffleBlockManager and BlockObjectWriter only for shuffle, now shuffle data can only be written to disk. Shuffle optimization: Consolidate shuffle write. Spark 1.0, pluggable shuffle framework. Spark 1.1, sort-based shuffle implementation. Spark 1.2 netty transfer service reimplementation. sort- based shuffle by default Spark 1.2+ on the go: external shuffle service etc. LOOK INSIDE 13 Pluggable Shuffle Framework ShuffleManager Manage shuffle related components, registered in SparkEnv, configured through SparkConf, default is sort (pre 1.2 is hash), ShuffleWriter Handle shuffle data output logics. Will return MapStatus to be tracked by MapOutputTracker. ShuffleReader Fetch shuffle data to be used by e.g. ShuffleRDD ShuffleBlockManager Manage the mapping relation between abstract bucket and materialized data block. High level data flow BlockManager HashShuffleManager DiskBlockManager FileShuffleBlockManager Local File System SortShuffleManager IndexShuffleBlockManager GetBlockData BlockTransferService GetBlockData Direct mapping or mapping by File Groups Map to One Data File and One Index File per mapId Just do one-one File mapping 15 Hash Based Shuffle - Shuffle Writer Basic shuffle writer Map TaskMap TaskMap TaskMap Task File File File File File File File File File File File File File File File File Aggregator Aggregator Aggregator Aggregator Each bucket is mapping to a single file 16 Hash Based Shuffle - Shuffle Writer Consolidate Shuffle Writer Each bucket is mapping to a segment of file Aggregator Aggregator Aggregator Aggregator 17 Hash Based Shuffle - Shuffle Writer Basic Shuffle Writer M * R shuffle spill files Concurrent C * R opened shuffle files. If shuffle spill enabled, could generate more tmp spill files say N. Consolidate Shuffle Writer Reduce the total spilled files into C * R if (M C) Concurrent opened is the same as the basic shuffle writer. Memory consumption Thus Concurrent C * R + N file handlers. Each file handler could take up to 32100KB+ Memory for various buffers across the writer stream chain. 18 Sort Based Shuffle - Shuffle Writer Sort Shuffle Writer Map TaskMap TaskMap TaskMap Task FileSegment FileSegment FileSegment FileSegment FileSegment FileSegment FileSegment FileSegment FileSegment FileSegment FileSegment FileSegment FileSegment FileSegment FileSegment FileSegment File File File File File File File File ExternalSorter ExternalSorter ExternalSorter ExternalSorter 19 Sort Based Shuffle - Shuffle Writer Each map task generates 1 shuffle data file + 1 index file Utilize ExternalSorter to do the sort works. If map-side combine is required, data will be sorted by key and partition for aggregation. Otherwise data will only be sorted by partition. If reducer number = 200 and no need to do aggregation or ordering, data will not be sorted at all. Will go with hash way and spill to separate files for each reduce partition, then merge them into one per map for final output. 20 Hash Based Shuffle - Shuffle Reader Actually, at present, Sort Based Shuffle also go with HashShuffleReader Bucket Bucket Bucket Bucket Bucket Bucket Bucket Bucket Bucket Bucket Bucket Bucket Bucket Bucket Bucket Bucket Reduce TaskReduce TaskReduce TaskReduce TaskReduce Task Aggregator Aggregator Aggregator Aggregator BLOCK TRANSFER SERVICE Related conceptions BlockTransferService Provide a general interface for ShuffleFetcher and working with BlockDataManager to get local data. ShuffleClient Wrap up the fetching data process for the client side, say setup TransportContext, new TransportClient etc. TransportContext Context to setup the transport layer TransportServer low-level streaming service server TransportClient Client for fetching consecutive chunks TransportServer ShuffleManager Data Flow 23 BlockManager NioBlockTransferService GetBlockData BlockDataManager ConnectionManager NioBlockTransferService ConnectionManager GetBlock GotBlock BlockStoreShuffleFetcher ShuffleBlockFetcherIterator Block Manager Local Blocks Remote Blocks Local Remote HashShuffleReader fetch ShuffleManager ShuffleBlockManager GetBlockData Can Switch to different BlockTransferService ShuffleManager Data Flow 24 BlockManager NettyBlockTransferService GetBlockData BlockDataManager TransportClient NettyBlockTransferService TransportServer BlockStoreShuffleFetcher ShuffleBlockFetcherIterator Block Manager Local Blocks Remote Blocks Local Remote HashShuffleReader fetch ShuffleManager ShuffleBlockManager GetBlockData clientHandler TransportChannel Handler clientHandler TransportChannel Handler Fetch Request Fetch Results External Shuffle Service Design goal allow for the service to be long-running possibly much longer-running than Spark support multiple version of Spark simultaneously etc. can be integrated into YARN NodeManager, Standalone Worker, or on its own The entire service been ported to Java do not include Spark's dependencies full control over the binary compatibility of the components not depend on the Scala runtime or version. External Shuffle Service Current Status Basic framework seems ready. A Network module extracted from the core module BlockManager could be configured with executor built-in shuffle service or external standalone shuffle service A standaloneWorkerShuffleService could be launched by worker Disabled by default. How it works Shuffle data is still written by the shuffleWriter to local disks. The external shuffle service knows how to read these files on disks (executor will registered related info to it, e.g. shuffle manager type, file dir layout etc.), it follow the same rules applied for written these file, so it could serve the data correctly. 28 Sort Merge Shuffle Reader Background: Current HashShuffleReader does not utilize the sort result within partition in map-side. The actual by key sort work is always done at reduce side. While the map side will do by-partition sort anyway （ sort shuffle ) Change it to a by-key-and-partition sort does not bring many extra overhead. Current Status WIP https:/github.com/apache/spark/pull/3438 Some shuffle related configs spark.shuffle.spill (true) spark.shuffle.memoryFraction (0.2) spark.shuffle.manager sort/hash spark.shuffle.sort.bypassMergeThreshold (200) spark.shuffle.blockTransferService netty/nio spark.shuffle.consolidateFiles (false) spark.shuffle.service.enabled (false) Whats next? Other custom shuffle logic? Alternative way to save shuffle data blocks E.g. in memory (again) Other transport mechanism? Break stage barrier? To fetch shuffle data when part of the map tasks are done. Push mode instead of pull mode? Thanks to Jerry Shao Some of this ppts material came from Jerry ShaoIntel weibo: saisai_shao Jerry also contributes a lot of essential patches for spark core / spark streaming etc. Join Us ! 加盟 / 合作 / 讨论 统统欢迎 数据平台开发，大数据相关技术，只要够 Cool，我们都玩 tianhuomogujie.com